Switha

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Island in Orkney, Scotland

title: "Switha" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["special-protection-areas-in-scotland", "sites-of-special-scientific-interest-in-orkney", "uninhabited-islands-of-orkney"] description: "Island in Orkney, Scotland" topic_path: "technology/web" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switha" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Island in Orkney, Scotland ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox Scottish island"]

Field	Value
Image	'Hells Gate' and Switha - geograph.org.uk - 1532198.jpg
ImageCaption	Cantick Sound, from South Walls, with Switha beyond
location_map	Scotland Orkney
coordinates
GridReference	ND365905
caption	Switha shown within Orkney
area	41 ha
area rank	217=
highest elevation	28 m
Population	0
island group	Orkney
local authority	Orkney Islands
references
::

Geography and geology

Switha lies 2 km to the south of the island of Flotta and 2 km east of the South Walls area of Hoy. South Ronaldsay lies about 5 km further east. The island is roughly rectangular in shape, about 1 km by 0.5 km in size and is aligned in a NE to SW direction. The maximum elevation is 28 m, found on the small cliff on the south coast, to the west of which is the only appreciable beach at The Pool. Geologically, the island is wholly of Old Red Sandstone, from the Devonian period, specifically Rousay Flagstones, dating from about 375 MYA, laid down by a cyclical series of lakes and containing many fish fossils.

Flora

The island is predominantly maritime grassland with small areas of heath and bog.

Wildlife

Switha is very important for wildlife and has been designated both as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and an EU Special Protection Area. The primary reason for this is the wintering population of Greenland barnacle goose. About 1000 of the birds are thought to spend the winter months roosting on the island and feeding on nearby South Walls. This population is not only the most northerly in the UK but also the third largest after Islay and North Uist. Common seabirds known to frequent the rocky coast line include black guillemot, great black-backed gull, Arctic skua and great skua. In addition, Haswell-Smith records that there are many European storm petrel burrows. However, several surveys since the late 1960s have only revealed a small number of pairs on the island, probably never more than 10. The burrows are probably more likely to belong to the puffin, which are reported to be resident on the island in some numbers, with about 250 pairs.

History

Pre-history

The presence of Neolithic standing stones and a cairn show that the island was at least visited in prehistoric times. There are two standing stones, the larger, southerly stone is 147 cm high, by 91 cm wide and 30 cm deep. The northerly stone is 112 cm high, 48 cm wide and just 15 cm deep and is thus somewhat smaller. Further evidence of pre-historic use is provided by the presence of a 9 m diameter by 0.5 m high turf covered cairn, near The Ool at the southern tip of the island. When excavated the cairn contained a cist-like structure.

Haswell-Smith (2004) maintains there is no written record of any post-Neolithic habitation, The Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland, published in 1848, stated that the island was uninhabited. Finally, the Ordnance Survey map of 1882 doesn't indicate any significant building or habitation, although the enclosure mentioned below would seem to be present. Whether the island was uninhabited prior to 1654 is less certain since the Descriptions of Orkney, written in 1529, states that the entire population of an island, "Southay" presumed to refer to Switha, is said to have died while sailing to a Christmas celebration on a neighboring island, and the island had never been populated since. In addition, there are archeological remains that could represent old dwellings, for instance a stone closure at the southern end of the island.

Agricultural use

The island would seem to have had a long history of use for agriculture, at least for keeping stock. In current times the island is wholly used for sheep grazing. Older texts support the island's use for other livestock however, for instance it is recorded that in 1747–48, 11 oxen were kept on Switha, part of the Burray inventory.

Notes

References

Omand, Donald (ed.) (2003) The Orkney Book. Edinburgh. Birlinn.
Harris, Mike P and Wanless, Sarah (2011) "The Puffin". Poyser Monographs.

References

{{NRS1C
Haswell-Smith (2004) pp. 339-41
(2008). "Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 7 ''Orkney (Southern Isles)''". Ordnance Survey.
"Geology of Orkney".
"Orkney government SSSI report".
"SSSI details". [[Scottish Natural Heritage]].
"JNCC SPA report on Switha.".
"JNCC SPA standard data form for Switha".
"Greenland Barnacle Geese in Scotland in 2008".
"JNCC report on European Storm Petrel distribution".
Harris, Mike, "The Puffin" in Harris, Mike (2011) p. 49
"Switha, South. Standing Stone (prehistoric)". [[Canmore (database).
"Switha, North. Standing Stone (prehistoric)". CANMORE.
"Switha, The Ool. Cairn". CANMORE.
"Blaeu Atlas of Scotland, 1654". [[National Library of Scotland]].
"Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland, p. 663".
"1882 six-inch to the mile Ordnance survey map CXXIII".
Jo Ben (1529) [http://www.orkneyjar.com/history/joben/southay.htm " Jo Ben's 1529 "Descriptions of Orkney: Southay"] {{Webarchive. link. (20 September 2022 . Orkneyjar. Retrieved 16 September 2013.)
"Site record for possible enclosure". CANMORE.
Haswell-Smith (2004).
Fenton, Alexander. "The Northern Isles: Orkney and Shetland".

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