Styphnolobium

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title: "Styphnolobium" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["faboideae", "fabaceae-genera", "medicinal-plants"] description: "Genus of legumes" topic_path: "general/faboideae" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styphnolobium" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of legumes ::

| image = SophoraJaponicaLeaf.jpg | image_caption = Styphnolobium japonicum foliage | taxon = Styphnolobium | authority = Schott (1829) | type_species = Styphnolobium japonicum | type_species_authority = (L.) Schott | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 9; see text | subdivision_ref = | synonyms = * Sophora sect. Styphnolobium (Schott) Yaklovev

Styphnolobium is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It includes nine species of small trees and shrubs native to China and to the Americas, from the southern United States to Colombia. They differ from the genus Calia (mescalbeans) in having deciduous leaves and flowers in axillary, not terminal, racemes. The leaves are pinnate, with 9–21 leaflets, and the flowers in pendulous racemes similar to those of the black locust. Necklacepod is a common name for plants in this genus.

Etymology

From Greek styphno-, stryphno- "sour, astringent" and lobion "pod", because of the fresh pods' pulp taste.

Species

Styphnolobium comprises the following species:

Section ''Oresbios''

• Styphnolobium affine (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp., the coralbean or Eve's necklace is native to the southern United States in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana. It is a large shrub or small tree, growing to 5–7 m tall, with white or pale violet flowers. The seeds of this species are believed to be poisonous. The sapwood leaches a yellow dye on contact with water.
• Styphnolobium burseroides M. Sousa & Rudd
• Styphnolobium caudatum M. Sousa & Rudd is native to Nicaragua.
• Styphnolobium conzattii (Standl.) M. Sousa & Rudd
• Styphnolobium monteviridis M. Sousa & Rudd is native to Central America.
• Styphnolobium parviflorum M. Sousa & Rudd
• Styphnolobium protantherum M. Sousa & Rudd
• Styphnolobium sporadicum M. Sousa & Rudd

Section ''Styphnolobium''

• Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott, the pagoda tree (Chinese Scholar, Japanese pagodatree; syn. Sophora japonica), is native to eastern Asia (mainly China; despite the name, it is introduced in Japan), is a popular ornamental tree in Europe, North America and South Africa, grown for its white flowers, borne in late summer after most other flowering trees have long finished flowering. It grows into a lofty tree 10–20 m tall with an equal spread, and produces a fine, dark brown timber.

Uses

The pagoda tree is widely used in bonsai gardening. The Guilty Chinese Scholartree was a historic pagoda tree in Beijing, on which the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen, hanged himself.

Styphnolobium japonicum (Chinese: 槐; pinyin: huái; formerly Sophora japonica) is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine.

References

References

1. [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30023392-2 ''Styphnolobium'' Schott]. ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
2. (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". [[South African Journal of Botany.
3. (2012). "Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: new insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages". [[American Journal of Botany.
4. Wojciechowski MF. (2013). "The origin and phylogenetic relationships of the Californian chaparral 'paleoendemic' ''Pickeringia'' (Leguminosae)". [[Systematic Botany.
5. {{PLANTS
6. "Styphnolobium".
7. . ["ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for ''Styphnolobium''"](http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&genus~Styphnolobium&species~). *Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics*.
8. USDA. "GRIN species records of ''Styphnolobium''". [[Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center.
9. (1993). "Revisión del género ''Styphnolobium'' (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Sophoreae)". [[Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden.
10. "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - the University of Texas at Austin".
11. "Dirt Doctor - Library Topics".

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