Streptaxidae

Quality 0.50 · 2 views · Updated 2 months ago

Family of gastropods

title: "Streptaxidae" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["streptaxidae", "taxa-named-by-john-edward-gray"] description: "Family of gastropods" topic_path: "general/streptaxidae" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptaxidae" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Family of gastropods ::

|image = Gonospira uvula Reunion 0408.jpg |image_caption = Gonospira uvula |taxon = Streptaxidae |authority = Gray, 1860 |synonyms_ref = |synonyms = |subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies |subdivision = Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883 Gulellinae Rowson, 2024 Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000

Primigulellinae Rowson, 2024 Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000

Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921

Streptaxinae Gray, 1860 |diversity_link = |diversity_ref = |diversity = About 1000 species, about 60 genera

Streptaxidae is a family of carnivorous air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora.

Streptaxidae are monophyletic while all subfamilies and several genera are polyphyletic.

Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi.

Streptaxidae are carnivorous except for one species Edentulina moreleti, which is herbivorous. All streptaxids have well-developed radula, except Careoradula perelegans, which is the only known terrestrial gastropod without radula.

Altogether 66 species from the family Streptaxidae are listed in the 2010 IUCN Red List.

Distribution

The historical area of origin of the Streptaxidae is probably Gondwanaland.

The family is widely distributed across the tropical and subtropical areas of South America, Africa and Asia. The Recent native distribution of Streptaxidae includes South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, Seychelles, Mayotte, Comores, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, India, Sri Lanka, Andamans, South-East Asia and the Philippines. The genus Gibbulinella is found in the Canary Islands.

The species diversity of Streptaxidae reaches its maximum in sub-Saharan Africa.

With 13 genera and about 130 nominal species, the second most diverse streptaxid fauna can be found in Southeast Asia. Streptaxidae are the most diverse among tropical Asian carnivorous snails. In Indochina, streptaxid diversity was thought to comprise only 10 genera and about 40 species in 1967. However, in 2006–2016, 21 new species (more than half the previous total) and one new genus had been described from Indochina. Thirty-seven species are recorded from Thailand, 10 from Myanmar, 45 from Vietnam, and 12 from Laos.

Description

Streptaxids can generally be recognized by their eccentric or cylindrical shells, while the animals have a bright yellow to red or orange body with external hook-like structures on the everted penis.

Early classifications of the family such as Wilhelm Kobelt (1905–6), used mainly shell shape and the arrangement of apertural dentition. However, many shell characters are highly conserved or occur recurrently, making some species and genera difficult to separate. The reproductive organs of streptaxids can also be taxonomically significant.

Taxonomy

Prior to Schileyko's revision in 2000 only two subfamilies, the Streptaxinae and the Enneinae had been recognized, which were primarily based on their shell morphology.

2005 taxonomy

Only the one family, Streptaxidae, was recognized within the Streptaxoidea in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).

There are 7 subfamilies in the family Streptaxidae according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005, that follows Schileyko (2000):

  • Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883 - synonym: Streptostelidae Bourguignat, 1889
  • Gulellinae Rowson, 2024
  • Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000
  • Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000
  • Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921 - synonyms: Gibbinae Steenberg, 1936; Gonidominae Steenberg, 1936
  • Primigulellinae Rowson, 2024
  • Streptaxinae Gray, 1860 - synonym: Artemonidae Bourguignat, 1889 ;Synonyms:
  • Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883

2010 taxonomy

Sutcharit et al. (2010) have established a new family Diapheridae within Streptaxoidea and they have added two genera Diaphera and Sinoennea into Diapheridae.

The later review "A review of the Diapheridae" in 2020 by Páll-Gergely, B., Hunyadi, A., Grego, J., Sajan, S., Tripathy, B. & Chen, Z.-Y. showed the family Diapheridae to stand separate from Streptaxidae.

In the recent decades, most of the taxonomic and systematic research on streptaxids has been performed on sub-Saharan African taxa. Only a few publications focus on South American or Asian groups.

Genera

Genera in the family Streptaxidae include:

Enneinae

Gulellinae

  • Austromarconia van Bruggen & de Winter, 2003
  • Dadagulella Rowson & Tattersfield, 2013Dadagulella is placed here, because Dadagulella and Gulella are supposed to be sister groups.
  • Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856[2]
  • Pseudelma Kobelt, 1904

Marconiinae

Odontartemoninae

Orthogibbinae

Primigulellinae

Streptaxinae

Unsorted to subfamily

;Notes:

  • Scolodonta Doering, 1875 used to be classified within Streptaxinae, but Scolodonta is the type genus of the family Scolodontidae.

Synonyms

  • Subfamily Gibbinae Steenberg, 1936: synonym of Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921
  • Subfamily Gonidominae Steenberg, 1936: synonym of Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921
  • Subfamily Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883
  • Aberdaria Blume, 1965: synonym of Primigulella Pilsbry, 1919 (junior synonym)
  • Acanthenna: synonym of Acanthennea E. von Martens, 1898 (misspelling)
  • Adjua Chaper, 1885: synonym of Ptychotrema (Adjua) Chaper, 1885 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853 (original rank)
  • Alcidia Bourguignat, 1890: synonym of Streptaxis Gray, 1837
  • Artemon H. Beck, 1837: synonym of Streptaxis Gray, 1837
  • Campylaxis Ancey, 1888: synonym of Streptostele Dohrn, 1866
  • Carychiopsis E. von Martens, 1895: synonym of Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ptychotrema (Ennea) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Colpanostoma Bourguignat, 1890: synonym of Tayloria (Tayloria) Bourguignat, 1890 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890 (junior synonym)
  • Conogulella Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Gulella (Conogulella) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Gulella L. Pfeiffer, 1856
  • Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 - type genus of the subfamily : synonym of Ptychotrema (Ennea) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Enneastrum L. Pfeiffer, 1856: synonym of Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ptychotrema (Ennea) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Eustreptaxis L. Pfeiffer, 1878: synonym of Streptaxis Gray, 1837 (objective junior synonym)
  • Eustreptostele Germain, 1915: synonym of Streptostele (Tomostele) Ancey, 1885: synonym of Tomostele Ancey, 1885
  • Gibbonsia Bourguignat, 1890: synonym of Gigantaxis Tomlin, 1930: synonym of Tayloria (Tayloria) Bourguignat, 1890 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890 (junior primary homonym of Gibbonsia Cooper, 1864)
  • Gibbulina Beck, 1837: synonym of Gibbus Montfort, 1810 (invalid; unnecessary replacement name for Gibbus Monfort, 1810)
  • Gigantaxis Tomlin, 1930: synonym of Tayloria (Tayloria) Bourguignat, 1890 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890
  • Haplonepion Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Ptychotrema (Haplonepion) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Huttonella Pfeiffer, 1855: synonym of Gulella (Huttonella) L. Pfeiffer, 1856 represented as Gulella L. Pfeiffer, 1856
  • Idolum L. Pfeiffer, 1856: synonym of Gonidomus Swainson, 1840 (junior synonym)
  • Indoennea Kobelt, 1904: synonym of Sinoennea Kobelt, 1904 (junior synonym)
  • Ischnostele C. R. Boettger, 1915: synonym of Streptostele (Raffraya) Bourguignat, 1883 represented as Streptostele Dohrn, 1866
  • Luntia E.A. Smith, 1898: synonym of Streptostele (Tomostele) Ancey, 1885: synonym of Tomostele Ancey, 1885 (junior synonym)
  • Marconia Bourguignat, 1889 - type genus of the subfamily: synonym of Gonaxis J. W. Taylor, 1877 (junior synonym)
  • Macrogonaxis Bequaert & Clench, 1936: synonym of Tayloria (Macrogonaxis) Thiele, 1932 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890
  • Marconia Bourguignat, 1890: synonym of Gonaxis J. W. Taylor, 1877 (junior synonym)
  • Maurennea: synonym of Gulella (Maurennea) Schileyko, 2000 represented as Gulella L. Pfeiffer, 1856
  • Nevillia E. von Martens, 1880: synonym of Microstrophia Möllendorff, 1887 (junior homonym of Nevillia H. Adams, 1868)
  • † Oppenheimiella Pfeffer, 1930 : synonym of † Pfefferiola Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2021 (Invalid: junior homonym of Oppenheimiella Meunier, 1893 [Diptera]; Pfefferiola is a replacement name)
  • Orthogibbus Germain, 1919: synonym of Gonospira Swainson, 1840
  • Parennea Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Ptychotrema (Parennea) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Pseudartemon J. Mabille, 1887: synonym of Haploptychius Kobelt, 1905
  • Raffraya Bourguignat, 1883: synonym of Streptostele (Raffraya) Bourguignat, 1883 represented as Streptostele Dohrn, 1866
  • Sinistrexcisa de Winter, Gómez & Prieto, 1999: synonym of Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853
  • Somalitayloria Verdcourt, 1962: synonym of Tayloria (Somalitayloria) Verdcourt, 1962 represented as Tayloria Bourguignat, 1890
  • Stenomarconia Germain, 1934: synonym of Gonaxis (Stenomarconia) Germain, 1934 represented as Gonaxis J. W. Taylor, 1877
  • Thaumatogulella F. Haas, 1951: synonym of Mirellia Thiele, 1933
  • Varicostele Pilsbry, 1919: synonym of Streptostele (Varicostele) Pilsbry, 1919 represented as Streptostele Dohrn, 1866
  • Webbia Odhner, 1932: synonym of Gibbulinella Wenz, 1920

References

This article includes CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference and CC-BY-4.0 from the reference

References

  1. [[John Edward Gray. Gray J. E.]] (October 1860) "On the arrangement of the land pulmoniferous Mollusca into families". ''[[Annals and Magazine of Natural History]]'', serie 3, 6: 267-269. Streptaxidae is on the page 268.
  2. [https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/54973/1/U585362.pdf Rowson, Ben. Systematics and diversity of the Streptaxidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): With particular reference to the East African region. Cardiff University (United Kingdom), 2010.]
  3. (2001). "''Edentulina moreleti'', the first herbivorous streptaxid (Gastropoda)". Phelsuma.
  4. (1998). "A first record of a terrestrial mollusc without a radula". Journal of Molluscan Studies.
  5. IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 27 September 2010.
  6. Gerlach J. & [[Adolph Cornelis van Bruggen. Bruggen A. C. van]] (1999). "Streptaxidae Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata of the Seychelles Islands, western Indian Ocean". ''[[Zoologische Verhandelingen]]'' '''328''': 1-60. [http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/219431 abstract], [http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/46273 PDF].
  7. (2017). "Checklist of the genus ''Perrottetia'' Kobelt, 1905 (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae) of Vietnam, with description of a new species". Folia Malacologica.
  8. (2013). "Three new species of the carnivorous snail genus ''Perrottetia'' Kobelt, 1905 from Thailand (Pulmonata, Streptaxidae)". ZooKeys.
  9. (2016-05-16). "The first revision of the carnivorous land snail family Streptaxidae in Laos, with description of three new species (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora, Streptaxidae)". ZooKeys.
  10. {{Bouchet 2005
  11. Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae; Chlamydephoridae; Systrophiidae; Haplotrematidae; Streptaxidae; Spiraxidae; Oleacinidae; Testacellidae". ''Ruthenica'' Supplement 2 Part 6: 731–880.
  12. [[Jules René Bourguignat. Bourguignat J. R.]] (1883) ''Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie'', serie 6, 15, Art. 2: page 74.
  13. Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". ''Ruthenica'', Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 828.
  14. Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". ''Ruthenica'', Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 830.
  15. Germain (1921) ''Faune malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des iles Mascareignes'': 415, 461.
  16. (1919). "A review of the land mollusks of the Belgian Congo : chiefly based on the collections of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909-1915". [[Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History]].
  17. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of ''Diaphera'' Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". [[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society]].
  18. "A review of the Diapheridae (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Streptaxoidea), with special emphasis on India and Myanmar".
  19. (2013). "Revision of ''Dadagulella'' gen. nov., the "''Gulella radius'' group" (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies"". [[European Journal of Taxonomy]].
  20. (2001). "''Conturbatia'', a new genus of Streptaxidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata)". [[Zoosystematics and Evolution]].
  21. (2002). "''Parvedentulina'' and edentate ''Gulella'' of Madagascar (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxidae)". [[Archiv für Molluskenkunde]].
  22. (1947). "Zur Taxonomie der Euthyneura". [[Archiv für Molluskenkunde]].
  23. (1936). ""Studies of African land and fresh-water mollusks. Notes on ''Gonaxis'' Taylor, with description of a new species".". Journal of Conchology.

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::

streptaxidaetaxa-named-by-john-edward-gray