Stigmidium

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Genus of fungi

title: "Stigmidium" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["mycosphaerellaceae-genera", "mycosphaerellaceae", "lichenicolous-fungi", "taxa-described-in-1860", "taxa-named-by-vittore-benedetto-antonio-trevisan-de-saint-léon"] description: "Genus of fungi" topic_path: "general/mycosphaerellaceae-genera" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stigmidium" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of fungi ::

| image = Stigmidium marinum.jpg | image_caption = Herbarium specimen of Stigmidium marinum, preserved by Richard Deakin in 1854 | taxon = Stigmidium | authority = Trevis. (1860) | type_species = Stigmidium schaereri | type_species_authority = (A.Massal.) Trevis. (1860) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms_ref = | synonyms = *Epicymatia

  • Mycophycias
  • Pharcidia
  • Pharcidiopsis
  • Scutomyces

Stigmidium is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Mycosphaerellaceae.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by Italian botanist Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon in 1860, with Stigmidium schaereri assigned as the type species.

Description

Stigmidium species are minute, mostly lichen-dwelling fungi that usually lack a visible body (thallus). Most live embedded in the tissues of their host lichens, though one species appears genuinely lichenised (forming a partnership with green algae of the genus Dilabifilum) and a few are parasites of brown algae. Their vegetative filaments (hyphae) are branched, pale to light brown, and consist of elongate cells that are mostly within the host; compact tissue masses () are not formed.

The ascospore-producing structures are tiny, dark, flask-shaped perithecia with short necks and thick, melanised walls. They develop within the host thallus and may later break through the surface (). Stiff hairs () are absent, but some species show small hyphal outgrowths or grow within a mat of surface mycelium. Inside the perithecium, the sterile tissue (the ) is variable and made up of narrow that are often poorly developed and frequently break down as the spores mature; in some species, the pore (ostiole) is lined by short filaments called .

The spore sacs (asci) are few in number, club- to sack-shaped, thick-walled, and (the wall splits into layers to release the spores). They lack a differentiated tip structure, do not stain blue in iodine, and usually contain eight ascospores. The spores are arranged in two rows, cylindrical to club-shaped or ellipsoidal, thin- and smooth-walled, usually colourless but sometimes browning late in development. They are typically 1-septate (rarely with three septa), and each cell often contains two oil droplets (), which can give the illusion of additional cross-walls; no outer gelatinous coat () is present. Asexual states (anamorphs) are unknown for most species, and no secondary metabolites (lichen products) have been reported.

Species

References

References

  1. (2001). "''Stigmidium acetabuli'' (Dothideales sees. tat.), a new lichenicolous fungus on ''Pleurosticta acetabulum''". Bibliotheca Lichenologica.
  2. (2003). "Three new species of ''Stigmidium'' s. l. (lichenicolous ascomycetes) on Acarospora and ''Squamarina''". The Lichenologist.
  3. (2025). "Miscellaneous lichens and lichenicolous fungi, including ''Aphanopsis'' and ''Steinia'' (Aphanopsidaceae), ''Arthrorhaphis'' (Arthrorhaphidaceae), ''Buelliella'', ''Hemigrapha'', ''Melaspileella'', ''Stictographa'' and ''Taeniolella'' (Asterinales, family unassigned), ''Phylloblastia'' (Chaetothyriales, family unassigned) ''Cystocoleus'' (Cystocoleaceae), ''Sclerococcum'' (Dactylosporaceae), ''Eiglera'' (Eigleraceae), ''Epigloea'' (Epigloeaceae), ''Euopsis'' (Harpidiaceae), ''Lichenothelia'' (Lichenotheliaceae), ''Lichinodium'' (Lichinodiaceae), ''Melaspilea'' (Melaspileaceae), ''Epithamnolia'' and ''Mniaecia'' (Mniaeciaceae), ''Lichenostigma'' (Phaeococcomycetaceae), ''Pycnora'' (Pycnoraceae), ''Racodium'' (Racodiaceae), ''Chicitaea'' and ''Loxospora'' (Sarrameanaceae), ''Schaereria'' (Schaereriaceae), ''Strangospora'' (Strangosporaceae), ''Botryolepraria'' and ''Stigmidium'' (Verrucariales, family unassigned), and ''Biatoridium'', ''Mycoglaena'', ''Orphniospora'', ''Piccolia'', ''Psammina'' and ''Wadeana'' (order and family unassigned)".
  4. "''Stigmidium''".
  5. (2008). "Hongos liquenícolas del sur de Sudamérica, especialmente de Isla Navarino (Chile)". Bibliotheca Lichenologica.
  6. Etayo, Javier. (2017). "Hongos liquenícolas de Ecuador".
  7. Etayo, J.. (2000). "Aportación a la flora liquénica de las Islas Canarias. VI. Hongos liquenícolas de La Palma". Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence.
  8. (1994). "Über Funde lichenicoler Pilze und Flechten auf Korsika (Frankreich)". Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence.
  9. (1995). "''Cercisospora trypetheliza'' und einige weitere lichenicole Ascomyceten auf Arthrorhapis". Cryptogamie Bryologie Lichénologie.
  10. (2007). "Two new species of lichenicolous fungi from Turkey". The Lichenologist.
  11. Hawksworth, D.L.. (1975). "Notes on British lichenicolous fungi. I". Kew Bulletin.
  12. Hawksworth, D.L.. (1983). "A key to the lichen-forming, parasitic, parasymbiotic and saprophytic fungi occurring on lichens in the British Isles". The Lichenologist.
  13. (2009). "''Stigmidium epistigmellum'' (Mycosphaerellaceae), a lichenicolous fungus from maritime ''Caloplaca'' in North America". The Bryologist.
  14. Matzer, M.. (1996). "Lichenicolous ascomycetes with fissitunicate asci on foliicolus lichens". Mycological Papers.
  15. (2010). "A new species of ''Stigmidium'' sensu stricto on ''Thelenella muscorum''". The Lichenologist.
  16. (1993). "''Stigmidium degelii'', a new lichenicolous fungus". Graphis Scripta.
  17. "Synonymy: ''Stigmidium'' Trevis., Conspect. Verruc.: 17 (1860)". [[Species Fungorum]].
  18. Swinscow, T.D.V.. (1965). "The marine species of ''Arthopyrenia'' in the British Isles: pyrenocarpous lichens: 8". The Lichenologist.
  19. (1860). "Conspectus Verrucarinarum. Prospetto dei Generi e delle Specie de Licheni Verrucarini". Antonio Roberti, Bassano.
  20. (2016). "Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the Azores (Portugal), collected on São Miguel and Terceira with the descriptions of seven new species". Acta Botanica Hungarica.
  21. (2008). "Three new species of ''Stigmidium'' and ''Sphaerellothecium'' (lichenicolous ascomycetes) on ''Stereocaulon''". Mycological Progress.
  22. (2019). "Lichenicolous ascomycetes on ''Siphula''-like lichens, with a key to the species". The Lichenologist.
  23. (2020). "Contributions to the knowledge of lichenicolous fungi growing on baeomycetoid lichens and ''Icmadophila'', with a key to the species". The Lichenologist.
  24. Zhurbenko, Mikhail P.. (2024). "Contributions to the knowledge of lichenicolous fungi growing on ''Rhizoplaca'' s. lat., including five new taxa and an identification key". The Lichenologist.

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mycosphaerellaceae-generamycosphaerellaceaelichenicolous-fungitaxa-described-in-1860taxa-named-by-vittore-benedetto-antonio-trevisan-de-saint-léon