Sticta

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Genus of lichens

title: "Sticta" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["sticta", "peltigerales-genera", "lichen-genera", "taxa-described-in-1791", "taxa-named-by-johann-christian-daniel-von-schreber"] description: "Genus of lichens" topic_path: "society/religion" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticta" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of lichens ::

| image = Sticta carolinensis - Flickr - pellaea.jpg | image_caption = Sticta carolinensis | taxon = Sticta | authority = (Schreb.) Ach. (1803) | type_species = Sticta sylvatica | type_species_authority = (Huds.) Ach. (1803) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = | synonyms_ref = | synonyms = *Diclasmia Trevis. (1869)

  • Dysticta Clem. (1909)
  • Dystictina Clem. (1909)
  • Lichen sect. Sticta Schreb. (1791)

Sticta is a genus of lichens in the family Peltigeraceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical areas, and includes about 114 species. These lichens have a leafy appearance, and are colored brown or black. Sticta species with cyanobacteria as photobionts can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, and due to their relative abundance and high turnover, they contribute appreciably to the rainforest ecosystem. They are commonly called spotted felt lichens.

Description

The vegetative bodies of the Sticta, the thalli, are foliose, or leafy in appearance. They typically have dimensions of 2 to in diameter, although specimens with diameters of up to 10 cm have been recorded. The lobes are rounded, and the upper surface is black or brown, while the lower surface has a light to dark brown layer of fine hairs (a ), with a few craters, called . Thalli often smell of shrimp or fish. The vegetative reproductive structures called isidia or soredia are often present on species in this genus; apothecia (cup-shaped spore-bearing structures) are rarely found. Sticta species are usually found growing on bark, wood, or mossy rock.

partners of Sticta species include members of the green algae genera Chloroidium, Coccomyxa, Elliptochloris, Heveochlorella, and Symbiochloris.

The liverwort genus Monoclea contains lichen-like organisms completely unrelated to, but readily confused with Sticta.

Distribution and habitat

Sticta species are primarily tropical in distribution, but some species have been reported from as north as Norway, and as far south as the southern tip of South America.

Most species of Sticta grow on bark, wood, or mossy rock, usually in humid areas.

Phylogenetics

Phylogenetic analysis of small and large ribosomal RNA subunits has confirmed that the genus Sticta is monophyletic.

Indicators of ecological continuity

Some epiphytic lichen species may be used as "ancient woodland indicators"; they can used to quantitatively assess the degree to which a forest has had a long history of canopy continuity. The presence of these species is a reliable indicator that the forest has existed back to early medieval times, without being clear-cut and regrown. Two Sticta species, namely, S. dufournii or the blue-green algal morphotype S. canariensis, are among several species of lichens that may be used to calculate the New Index of Ecological Continuity (NIEC), considered the most sensitive and accurate determination of forest continuity.

Bioactive compounds

A comprehensive comparative study on the antioxidant activity of lichens from Hawaii and Iceland revealed the Hawaiian lichen S. weigelii to be a potent producer of antioxidative compounds.

Species

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Sticta_caperata_(48720485562).jpg" caption="''Sticta caperata''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Sticta_fragilinata_(4752114181).jpg" caption="''Sticta fragilinata'' in the [[Great Smoky Mountains]], [[North Carolina"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Sticta_limbata_705296.jpg" caption="''Sticta limbata''"] ::

References

Cited literature

References

  1. [http://plants.usda.gov/plant-profile?symbol=STICT2 Plant Profile for Sticta (spotted felt lichen), USDA]
  2. (1997). "Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest". Oregon State University Press.
  3. Jørgensen PR. "''Sticta dufourii'' Del. and its parasymbiont ''Arthonia abelonae'' P.M. Jørg. n. sp. in Norway". Nova Hedwigia.
  4. (2003). "Phylogenetic classification of peltigeralean fungi (Peltigerales, Ascomycota) based on ribosomal RNA small and large subunits". American Journal of Botany.
  5. (2003). "Culture experiments and DNA sequence data confirm the identity of Lobariaphotomorphs". Canadian Journal of Botany.
  6. Gilbert, pp. 70–71.
  7. Gilbert, pp. 257–59.
  8. (March 2015). "Comparative analysis of the antioxidant properties of Icelandic and Hawaiian lichens". Environmental Microbiology.
  9. Aptroot, André. (2008). "''Sticta alpinotropica'', a new saxicolous lichen species from the alpine zone of Mt Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea". The Lichenologist.
  10. (2018). "''Sticta aongstroemii'', a newly recognized species in the ''S. damicornis'' morphodeme (Lobariaceae) potentially endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Brazil". The Lichenologist.
  11. (2023). "Resolving the ''Sticta fuliginosa'' morphodeme (lichenized Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae) in northwestern North America". The Bryologist.
  12. (1983). "New taxa in the New Zealand lichen flora". New Zealand Journal of Botany.
  13. Galloway DJ. (1994). "Studies on the lichen genus ''Sticta'' (Schreber) Ach.: I. Southern South American species". The Lichenologist.
  14. (1998). "Studies on the lichen genus ''Sticta'' (Schreber) Ach.: V*. Australian species". Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution.
  15. (2008). "Dictionary of the Fungi.". CABI.
  16. (2016). "''Sticta deyana'': A new endemic photomorphic lichen from the imperiled mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of eastern North America". Systematic Botany.
  17. (2018). "Transformative Paleobotany. Papers to Commemorate the Life and Legacy of Thomas N. Taylor". Academic Press.
  18. (2015). "Dismantling the treasured flagship lichen ''Sticta'' fuliginosa (Peltigerales) into four species in Western Europe". Mycological Progress.
  19. (2003). "The lichen genus ''Sticta'' in the Great Smoky Mountains: A phylogenetic study of morphological, chemical, and molecular data". The Bryologist.
  20. (2020). "Elucidating species richness in lichen fungi: The genus ''Sticta'' (Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae) in Puerto Rico". Taxon.
  21. (2012). "Ten new species of ''Sticta'' and counting: Colombia as a hot spot for unrecognized diversification in a conspicuous macrolichen genus". Phytotaxa.
  22. (2013). "Neotropical members of ''Sticta'' (lichenized Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) forming photosymbiodemes, with the description of seven new species". The Bryologist.
  23. (2013). "Six new apotheciate species of ''Sticta'' (lichenized Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) from the Colombian Andes". The Lichenologist.
  24. (2020). "Rewriting the evolutionary history of the lichen genus ''Sticta'' (Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae subfam. Lobarioideae) in the Hawaiian islands". Plant and Fungal Systematics.
  25. (2021). "Two new common, previously unrecognized species in the ''Sticta weigelii'' morphodeme (Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae)". Willdenowia.
  26. (2023-09-27). "Three new lobarioid lichens (lichenized Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae) from Colombia, honoring Enrique Forero". Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales.
  27. (1888). "Lichenologische Beiträge XXVII". Flora (Regensburg).
  28. (1861). "Expositio Lichenum Novae Caledoniae". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique.
  29. (2010). "New lichen species from Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island". Folia Cryptogamica Estonica.
  30. (2021). "Lichen algae: the photosynthetic partners in lichen symbioses". The Lichenologist.
  31. (2018). "''Sticta torii'' sp. nov., a remarkable lichen of high conservation priority from northwestern North America". Graphis Scripta.
  32. "Synonymy: ''Sticta'' (Schreb.) Ach., Methodus, Sectio post. (Stockholmiæ): 275 (1803)". [[Species Fungorum]].
  33. (2013). "''Sticta viviana'' (lichenized Ascomycota: Peltigerales: Lobariaceae), a new species from Colombian paramos". The Lichenologist.
  34. (2010). "A new species in the lichen genus ''Sticta'' (Schreb.) Ach. (Lobariaceae) from the Indian subcontinent". Nova Hedwigia.

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