Stem cell marker

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title: "Stem cell marker" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["stem-cells", "induced-stem-cells"] topic_path: "general/stem-cells" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_marker" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

Stem cell markers are genes and their protein products used by scientists to isolate and identify stem cells. Stem cells can also be identified by functional assays. Below is a list of markers and functional assays used to identify stem cells. The initial list was obtained by minding the PubMed database.

Stem cell marker names

References

References

  1. (17 June 2001). "Appendix E: Stem Cell Markers". [[National Institutes of Health]].
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  4. (September 2005). "Progressive divergence of definitive haematopoietic stem cells from the endothelial compartment does not depend on contact with the foetal liver". Development.
  5. (July 2005). "Characterization of ABC transporter ABCB1 expressed in human neural stem/progenitor cells". FEBS Letters.
  6. (May 2005). "ABCB5-mediated doxorubicin transport and chemoresistance in human malignant melanoma". Cancer Research.
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  8. (August 2006). "Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase and retinoid signaling induces the expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
  9. (July 1999). "Establishment of an embryonic stem (ES) cell line derived from a non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse: in vivo differentiation into lymphocytes and potential for germ line transmission". FEBS Letters.
  10. (May 1999). "β1- and α6-integrin are surface markers on mouse spermatogonial stem cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
  11. Katoh M. (December 2005). "WNT2B: comparative integromics and clinical applications (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine.
  12. (March 1997). "Factors predicting morbidity following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation". Bone Marrow Transplantation.
  13. (September 1981). "Selective expression of asialo GM1 on maturational subsets of lymphocytes in normal and athymic mice". Thymus.
  14. (March 1994). "Apoptosis in human skin development: morphogenesis, periderm, and stem cells". Developmental Dynamics.
  15. (August 2004). "Beta-galactosidase of ROSA26 mice is a useful marker for detecting the definitive erythropoiesis after stem cell transplantation". Transplantation.
  16. (June 2005). "Zac1 is expressed in progenitor/stem cells of the neuroectoderm and mesoderm during embryogenesis: differential phenotype of the Zac1-expressing cells during development". Developmental Dynamics.
  17. (April 2007). "VEGFR-1 and -2 regulate inflammation, myocardial angiogenesis, and arteriosclerosis in chronically rejecting cardiac allografts". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.
  18. (2004). "Liver repopulation by c-Met-positive stem/progenitor cells isolated from the developing rat liver". Hepato-gastroenterology.
  19. (August 2002). "C1qRp defines a new human stem cell population with hematopoietic and hepatic potential". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
  20. (August 2006). "Stem cell properties of human periodontal ligament cells". Journal of Periodontal Research.
  21. (1 February 2000). "Expression of VEGFR-2 and AC133 by circulating human CD34(+) cells identifies a population of functional endothelial precursors". Blood.
  22. (March 2007). "CD133, one of the markers of cancer stem cells in Hep-2 cell line". The Laryngoscope.
  23. (2005). "Somatic stem cell marker prominin-1/CD133 is expressed in embryonic stem cell-derived progenitors". Stem Cells.
  24. (December 2006). "Isolation and characterization of a stem cell population from adult human liver". Stem Cells.
  25. (1998). "Differentiation of human pluripotent teratocarcinoma stem cells induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2". Reproduction, Fertility, and Development.
  26. (July 2004). "Improvement of postnatal neovascularization by human adipose tissue-derived stem cells". Circulation.
  27. (June 1995). "Hematopoietic stem cell markers are expressed by ductal plate and bile duct cells in developing human liver". Hepatology.
  28. (December 2006). "Neuron-like differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells and vascular smooth muscle cells". Differentiation.
  29. (June 2001). "Expression of anti-OV6 antibody and anti-N-CAM antibody along the biliary line of normal and diseased human livers". Hepatology.
  30. (January 2004). "CD9 is a surface marker on mouse and rat male germline stem cells". Biology of Reproduction.
  31. (May 2003). "Differentiation of bone marrow cells into cells that express liver-specific genes in vitro: implication of the Notch signals in differentiation". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.
  32. (September 2006). "Role of DNA methylation for expression of novel stem cell marker CDCP1 in hematopoietic cells". Leukemia.
  33. Regauer S. (May 2006). "Extramammary Paget's disease--a proliferation of adnexal origin?". Histopathology.
  34. (March 2000). "The stem cell population of Arabidopsis shoot meristems in maintained by a regulatory loop between the CLAVATA and WUSCHEL genes". Cell.
  35. (1 August 1981). "Relationship between the levels of cyclic cytidine 3':5'-monophosphate, cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate, and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate in urines and leukocytes and the type of human leukemias". Cancer Research.
  36. (March 1988). "The effects of v-src expression on the differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells". Oncogene.
  37. (October 2005). "Retinoic acid represses a cassette of candidate pluripotency chromosome 12p genes during induced loss of human embryonal carcinoma tumorigenicity". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression.
  38. Reid CD. (June 1987). "The significance of endogenous erythroid colonies (EEC) in haematological disorders". Blood Reviews.
  39. (November 1999). "Removal of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) results in increased vitamin A (retinol) metabolism to 4-oxoretinol in embryonic stem cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
  40. (December 2001). "Flk-2 is a marker in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation: A simple method to isolate long-term stem cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
  41. (May 2004). "Abundant progenitor cells in the adventitia contribute to atherosclerosis of vein grafts in ApoE-deficient mice". The Journal of Clinical Investigation.
  42. (February 1999). "Self-renewal and differentiation of a basic fibroblast growth factor-dependent multipotent hematopoietic cell line derived from embryonic stem cells". Development, Growth & Differentiation.
  43. (15 July 1997). "Functional and phenotypic characterization of cord blood and bone marrow subsets expressing FLT3 (CD135) receptor tyrosine kinase". Blood.
  44. (April 1999). "In vivo and in vitro effects of cytokines and the hemoregulatory peptide dimer (pEEDCK)2 (pyroGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys)2 on G alpha16-positive hematopoiesis". Leukemia.
  45. (1999). "Green fluorescent protein as a selectable marker of retrovirally transduced hematopoietic progenitors". Stem Cells.
  46. (February 1985). "Extensive proliferation of subsequently injected marrow cells in parental-to-F1 hematopoietic chimeras that restored normal stem cell concentration after initial transplantation". Experimental Hematology.
  47. (April 2003). "A novel function for Hedgehog signalling in retinal pigment epithelium differentiation". Development.
  48. (February 1989). "Increased platelet volume--sign of impaired thrombopoiesis in diabetes mellitus". Klinische Wochenschrift.
  49. (March 1997). "Human CD34+ cells do not express glutathione S-transferases alpha". Gene Therapy.
  50. (June 2006). "Expression of hyaluronan synthase genes in umbilical cord blood stem/progenitor cells". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects.
  51. (November 2006). "her5 expression reveals a pool of neural stem cells in the adult zebrafish midbrain". Development.
  52. (January 2007). "Membrane protein hMYADM preferentially expressed in myeloid cells is up-regulated during differentiation of stem cells and myeloid leukemia cells". Life Sciences.
  53. (September 1992). "The small heat shock protein hsp25 is accumulated in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonic stem cells of line BLC6 during differentiation". Differentiation.
  54. (June 2006). "Hypoxia inhibits differentiation of lineage-specific Rcho-1 trophoblast giant cells". Biology of Reproduction.
  55. (February 2004). "Interleukin-3 receptor in acute leukemia". Leukemia.
  56. (September 2006). "Integrins are markers of human neural stem cells". Stem Cells.
  57. (October 2000). "The interleukin-3 receptor alpha chain is a unique marker for human acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells". Leukemia.
  58. (April 2004). "Magnetic resonance tracking of transplanted bone marrow and embryonic stem cells labeled by iron oxide nanoparticles in rat brain and spinal cord". Journal of Neuroscience Research.
  59. (September 1999). "KDR receptor: a key marker defining hematopoietic stem cells". Science.
  60. (September 2006). "Cytokeratin 15 expression in neoplasms with sebaceous differentiation". Journal of Cutaneous Pathology.
  61. (November 2009). "Nonviral in situ green fluorescent protein labeling and culture of primary, adult human hair follicle epithelial progenitor cells". Stem Cells.
  62. (August 2006). "The cell-surface marker MTS24 identifies a novel population of follicular keratinocytes with characteristics of progenitor cells". Development.
  63. (August 2004). "Cellular senescence induced loss of stem cell proportion in the skin in vitro". Journal of Dermatological Science.
  64. (February 2005). "Morphological and distribution characteristics of sweat glands in hypertrophic scar and their possible effects on sweat gland regeneration". Chinese Medical Journal.
  65. Clarke RB. (December 2005). "Isolation and characterization of human mammary stem cells". Cell Proliferation.
  66. (April 2004). "L-selectin defines a bone marrow analog to the thymic early T-lineage progenitor". Blood.
  67. (January 2006). "Lamin A/C expression is a marker of mouse and human embryonic stem cell differentiation". Stem Cells.
  68. (2004). "Carbohydrate antigens expressed on stem cells and early embryonic cells". Glycoconjugate Journal.
  69. (August 2006). "Early postnatal astroglial cells produce multilineage precursors and neural stem cells in vivo". The Journal of Neuroscience.
  70. (2007). "Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5". Nature.
  71. (August 2006). "Expression of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) gene in the mouse germ cells". Gene Expression Patterns.
  72. (July 2006). "Stem cell markers: ABCG2 and MCM2 expression in retinoblastoma". The British Journal of Ophthalmology.
  73. (December 2003). "Role of melanoma chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan in patterning stem cells in human interfollicular epidermis". Development.
  74. (June 2005). "Metallothionein crypt-restricted immunopositivity indices (MTCRII) correlate with aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in mouse colon". British Journal of Cancer.
  75. (1984). "Bone marrow monosomy 7: hematologic and clinical manifestations in childhood and adolescence". Hematological Oncology.
  76. (November 2004). "Mouse orthologue of ARX, a gene mutated in several X-linked forms of mental retardation and epilepsy, is a marker of adult neural stem cells and forebrain GABAergic neurons". Developmental Dynamics.
  77. (December 2003). "The multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (MRP3) is associated with a poor outcome in childhood ALL and may account for the worse prognosis in male patients and T-cell immunophenotype". Blood.
  78. (January 2005). "A putative human breast stem cell population is enriched for steroid receptor-positive cells". Developmental Biology.
  79. (December 2006). "Isolation of multipotent neural crest-derived stem cells from the adult mouse cornea". Stem Cells.
  80. (April 2005). "Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2)". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology.
  81. (October 1995). "Differentiation of serum-free mouse embryo cells into astrocytes is accompanied by induction of glutamine synthetase activity". Journal of Neuroscience Research.
  82. (December 2001). "Amniotic epithelial cells transform into neuron-like cells in the ischemic brain". NeuroReport.
  83. (May 2006). "Lack of expression of the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan neuron-glial antigen 2 on candidate stem cell populations in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia/abn(11q23) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/t(4;11)". British Journal of Haematology.
  84. (December 2005). "Rat limbal epithelial side population cells exhibit a distinct expression of stem cell markers that are lacking in side population cells from the central cornea". FEBS Letters.
  85. (February 2007). "Bisphenol A causes malformation of the head region in embryos of Xenopus laevis and decreases the expression of the ESR-1 gene mediated by Notch signaling]". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin.
  86. (April 2006). "Nucleostemin is a marker of proliferating stromal stem cells in adult human bone marrow". Stem Cells.
  87. (April 1994). "Characterization and enrichment of fetal rat hepatoblasts by immunoadsorption ("panning") and fluorescence-activated cell sorting". Hepatology.
  88. (March 2006). "Decreased expression of the human stem cell marker, Rex-1 (zfp-42), in renal cell carcinoma". Carcinogenesis.
  89. (May 2002). "Osteotesticular protein tyrosine phosphatase expression in rodent testis". The Journal of Urology.
  90. (January 2002). "Augmented expression of P-gp/multi-drug resistance gene by all-trans retinoic acid in monocytic leukemic cells". Leukemia Research.
  91. (December 2004). "Immortalization of human bronchial epithelial cells in the absence of viral oncoproteins". Cancer Research.
  92. (December 2006). "Neural crest–derived cells with stem cell features can be traced back to multiple lineages in the adult skin". The Journal of Cell Biology.
  93. (March 2004). "Podocalyxin in human haematopoietic cells". British Journal of Haematology.
  94. (September 2003). "Activation of phosphorylating-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and its relationship with localization of intestinal stem cells in rats after ischemia-reperfusion injury". World Journal of Gastroenterology.
  95. (June 2005). "Podocalyxin is a CD34-related marker of murine hematopoietic stem cells and embryonic erythroid cells". Blood.
  96. (March 2006). "Prospective evaluation of procalcitonin in adults with non-neutropenic fever after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation". Bone Marrow Transplantation.
  97. (August 2004). "Prospective isolation of multipotent pancreatic progenitors using flow-cytometric cell sorting". Diabetes.
  98. (1983). "Stable transformation of mouse teratocarcinoma stem cells with the dominant selective marker Eco.gpt and retention of their developmental potentialities". The EMBO Journal.
  99. (September 2004). "Epidermal label-retaining cells: background and recent applications". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology.
  100. (25 July 1992). "Use of fetal intestinal isografts from normal and transgenic mice to study the programming of positional information along the duodenal-to-colonic axis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  101. (June 1995). "Establishment and characterization of a multipotential neural cell line that can conditionally generate neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in vitro". Journal of Neuroscience Research.
  102. (2006). "Undifferentiated mouse mesenchymal stem cells spontaneously express neural and stem cell markers Oct-4 and Rex-1". Cytotherapy.
  103. (October 2002). "Myogenic specification of side population cells in skeletal muscle". The Journal of Cell Biology.
  104. (March 2006). "Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon expressing cells". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.
  105. (2014-07-04). "Sialyl-lactotetra, a novel cell surface marker of undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  106. (December 2004). "Regulation of cell cycle in hematopoietic stem cells by the niche". Cell Cycle.
  107. (December 2005). "Human stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow promote neurogenesis of endogenous neural stem cells in the hippocampus of mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
  108. (July 2006). "Stem cell marker expression in the Bergmann glia population of the adult mouse brain". Brain Research.
  109. (January 2005). "The mammary gland "side population": a putative stem/progenitor cell marker?". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia.
  110. (2005). "Leukemia inhibitory factor as an anti-apoptotic mitogen for pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells in a serum-free medium without feeder cells". In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology. Animal.
  111. Przyborski SA. (2001). "Isolation of human embryonal carcinoma stem cells by immunomagnetic sorting". Stem Cells.
  112. (2006). "Sustained stromal stem cell self-renewal and osteoblastic differentiation during aging". Rejuvenation Research.
  113. (April 2005). "Isolation of murine and porcine fetal stem cells from somatic tissue". Biology of Reproduction.
  114. (March 1998). "Transcription factor Stat5 is an early marker of differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells". Differentiation.
  115. (April 2005). "Maintenance of spermatogenesis requires TAF4b, a gonad-specific subunit of TFIID". Genes & Development.
  116. (December 2006). "Phenotypic and functional characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells differentiated along a Schwann cell lineage". Glia.
  117. (1 March 1986). "Acid phosphatase activity in mononuclear phagocytes and the U937 cell line: monocyte-derived macrophages express tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase". Blood.
  118. (June 1986). "Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in acute leukemia: a study of 100 cases comparing an immunoperoxidase (PAP) vs immunofluorescent method". American Journal of Hematology.
  119. (1 December 1987). "Long-term monoclonal reconstitution of erythropoiesis in genetically anemic W/Wv mice by injection of 5-fluorouracil-treated bone marrow cells of Pgk-1b/Pgk-1a mice". Blood.
  120. (September 1997). "Thrombomucin, a Novel Cell Surface Protein that Defines Thrombocytes and Multipotent Hematopoietic Progenitors". The Journal of Cell Biology.
  121. (July 2006). "Hepatic progenitor cells in human fetal liver express the oval cell marker Thy-1". American Journal of Physiology.
  122. (December 2006). "Mediation of apoptosis and proliferation of human embryonic stem cells by sphingosine-1-phosphate". Stem Cells and Development.
  123. (March 2006). "Large-scale molecular comparison of human schwann cells to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cell lines and tissues". Cancer Research.
  124. (September 2006). "Lymphatic and vascular origin of Kaposi's sarcoma spindle cells during tumor development". International Journal of Cancer.
  125. (December 2003). "Up-regulation of neural stem cell markers suggests the occurrence of dedifferentiation in regenerating spinal cord". Development Genes and Evolution.
  126. (April 1995). "A Xenopus c-kit-related receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in migrating stem cells of the lateral line system". Mechanisms of Development.

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