Stachys

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Genus of plants in the sage family

title: "Stachys" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["stachys", "lamiaceae-genera", "plants-described-in-1753", "botanical-taxa-named-by-carl-linnaeus"] description: "Genus of plants in the sage family" topic_path: "general/stachys" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stachys" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of plants in the sage family ::

| image = 20130703Stachys sylvatica1.jpg | image_caption = Stachys sylvatica | taxon = Stachys | authority = L. | type_species = Stachys sylvatica | type_species_authority = L. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = About 360; see text | synonyms_ref = | synonyms = {{collapsible list|

  • Aspasia E.Mey. ex Pfeiff.
  • Bonamya Neck.
  • Chamaesphacos Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
  • Eriostemum Steud
  • Eriostomum Hoffmanns. & Link
  • Galeopsis Hill 1756 not L. 1753 nor Adans. 1763 nor Moench 1794
  • Galeopsis Moench 1794 not L. 1753 nor Adans. 1763 nor Moench 1794 nor Hill 1756
  • Koevia Krestovsk.
  • Lamiostachys Krestovsk.
  • Menitskia (Krestovsk.) Krestovsk.
  • Olisia Spach
  • Ortostachys Fourr.
  • Stachyus St.-Lag.
  • Tapeinanthus Boiss. ex Hohen.
  • Tetrahitum Hoffmanns. & Link
  • Thuspeinanta T.Durand
  • Trixago Haller
  • Trixella Fourr.
  • Zietenia Gled.

Stachys is a genus of plants, one of the largest in the mint family Lamiaceae. Estimates of the number of species vary from about 300 to about 450. Plants of the World Online accepts 373 species. The precise extent of the genus and its relationship to other genera in the subfamily are poorly known.

Range and naming

The distribution of the genus covers Europe, Asia, Africa, Australasia and North America. Common names include hedgenettle, heal-all, self-heal, woundwort, betony, Monty plant and lamb's ears.

Stachys was named by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum in 1753. The name is derived from the Greek word σταχυς (stachys), meaning "an ear of grain", and refers to the fact that the inflorescence is often a spike. The name woundwort derives from the past use of certain species in herbal medicine for the treatment of wounds.

Human uses

The Chinese artichoke or Crosne (S. affinis), is grown for its edible tuber. Several species are cultivated as ornamentals. Woolly betony (S. byzantina) is a popular decorative garden plant. Wood betony (S. officinalis) was historically a highly valued medicinal plant.

Use by other species

Stachys species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the moths Coleophora auricella, C. lineolea, and C. wockeella, all recorded on S. officinalis. They are also widely used by the European wool carder bee (Anthidium manicatum), which scrape the hairs from the plant in order to use them for building their nests.

Description

Stachys is a genus of shrubs and annual or perennial herbs. The stems vary from 50 - tall, with simple, opposite, triangular leaves, 1 - long with serrate margins. In most species, the leaves are softly hairy. The flowers are 1 to long, clustered in the axils of the leaves on the upper part of the stem. The corolla is 5-lobed with the top lobe forming a 'hood', varying from white to pink, purple, red or pale yellow.

Circumscription

The distinction between Stachys and other genera is unclear and has varied from one author to another. In 2002, a molecular phylogenetic study showed that Stachys officinalis is not closely related to the rest of the genus. This study also found six other genera to be embedded within Stachys as it is currently circumscribed. The embedded genera are Prasium, Phlomidoschema, Sideritis, Haplostachys, Phyllostegia, and Stenogyne.

Fossil record

†Stachys pliocenica fossil seeds are known from Upper Miocene strata of Bulgaria and Pliocene strata of south-eastern Belarus. The fossil seeds are similar to the seeds of Stachys cretica.

Diversity

Main article: List of Stachys species

Plants of the World Online accepts 373 species. Selected species include: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Stachys_tenuifolia_var._hispida.jpg" caption="''Stachys tenuifolia'' var. ''hispida''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Stachys_alpina_fontaine-des-carmes_55_080602_1.JPG" caption="''[[Stachys alpina]]''"] ::

Formerly placed here

References

References

  1. (2006-11-03). "Genus: ''Stachys'' L.". United States Department of Agriculture.
  2. "''Stachys'' L.". Kew Science.
  3. Harley, R. M., et al. 2004. "Labiatae". pages 167–275. In: Kubitzki, K. (editor) and J. W. Kadereit (volume editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. {{ISBN. 978-3-540-40593-1
  4. Mabberley, D. J. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK.
  5. ''Stachys'' is in the subfamily [[Lamioideae]] and its [[type species]] is ''[[Stachys sylvatica]]''.''Stachys'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: [[Regnum Vegetabile]] (see ''External links'' below).
  6. {{PLANTS
  7. Carolus Linnaeus. 1753. ''Species Plantarum'' 2:580. Laurentii Salvii. (see ''External Links'' below).
  8. Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'' volume I, page 91. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington, DC;, USA. London, UK. {{ISBN. 978-0-8493-2673-8 (set). (see ''External links'' below).
  9. (6 January 2015). "Plant secretions prevent wasp parasitism in nests of wool-carder bees, with implications for the diversification of nesting materials in Megachilidae". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.
  10. Lindqvist, C. and V. A. Albert. 2002. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120222000931/http://www.amjbot.org/content/89/10/1709.full Origin of the Hawaiian endemic mints within North American ''Stachys'' (Lamiaceae).] ''American Journal of Botany'' 89(10), 1709–24.
  11. The Pliocene flora of Kholmech, south-eastern Belarus and its correlation with other Pliocene floras of Europe by Felix Yu. Velichkevich and Ewa Zastawniak - ''Acta Palaeobot''. 43(2): 137–259, 2003

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