Spring Valley, Illinois

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title: "Spring Valley, Illinois" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cities-in-bureau-county,-illinois", "cities-in-illinois", "ottawa,-il-micropolitan-statistical-area", "populated-places-established-in-1884", "1884-establishments-in-illinois"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Valley,_Illinois" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

Field	Value
name	Spring Valley
settlement_type	City
nickname	The Valley
image_map	File:Bureau County Illinois Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Spring Valley Highlighted.svg
map_caption	Location of Spring Valley in Bureau County, Illinois.
subdivision_type	Country
subdivision_name	United States
subdivision_type1	State
subdivision_name1	Illinois
subdivision_type2	County
subdivision_name2	Bureau
subdivision_type3	Township
subdivision_name3	Hall
established_title	Founded
leader_title	Mayor
leader_title1	Mayor
unit_pref	Imperial
area_footnotes
area_total_sq_mi	7.40
area_land_sq_mi	7.36
area_water_sq_mi	0.04
area_total_km2	19.17
area_land_km2	19.06
area_water_km2	0.10
population_as_of	2020
population_total	5582
population_density_sq_mi	auto
population_density_km2	auto
timezone	CST
utc_offset	-6
timezone_DST	CDT
utc_offset_DST	-5
elevation_footnotes
elevation_ft	581
coordinates
coordinates_footnotes
postal_code_type	ZIP code
postal_code	61362
area_code	815
blank_name	FIPS code
blank_info	17-72156
blank1_name	GNIS feature ID
blank1_info	2395936
website
::

Spring Valley is a city situated on the Illinois River in Bureau County, Illinois, United States. The population was 5,582 at the 2020 census, up from 5,558 in 2010. It is part of the Ottawa Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Name

Spring Valley lies in the valley of Spring Creek. The hills on either side of this valley were, and are to some extent today, laced with springs that still feed Spring Creek.

There were numerous springs in the town itself. One in the vicinity of the once Hunter-Doherty Lumber yard was so large and fast-flowing that the indigenous people from that area had an encampment there. Remains of this encampment were visible in the early days of the town. There was a large spring that flowed from the side of the hill between East St. Paul Street and East Devlin Street, down a gully into Spring Creek. Springs still feed the pond of water at the foot of Number One slag dump on East St. Paul Street. This area is now the "Coal Mine Park" owned by Spring Valley PRIDE. The first drinking water supply was piped from large springs on North Sixth Street.

So, with the springs and valleys, it was easy to conceive the name Spring Valley. There is a record that the Indians called this territory, "The Valley of the Springs."

The fact that Spring Valley is located at the point in the river valley where the high bluffs, which contains the famous stream, are closer together than anywhere else in the grain belt and that there is a minimum flood plain has made this point most attractive for the location of grain elevators. It has become the fulcrum of the grain handling industry of the upper section of the Illinois River.

Coal

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/spring-valley2.gif" caption="page=128ff}}"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Route_89_Bridge_in_Spring_Valley,_Illinois.jpg" caption="The Route 89 Bridge in Spring Valley, Illinois This bridge is outdated as it has since been replaced in the summer of 2018."] ::

Two companies were formed, the Spring Valley Coal Company in partnership with Alexander Campbell, and the Spring Valley Town Site Co. Backed by the almost unlimited resources of the coal barons, these two companies spent over $2 million in less than four years in the building of the town.

The boring of the mine commenced in 1884 and the town surveyed and platted. Spring Valley did not grow from a crossroads country store or framehouse, it was planned with the hope it would grow to be a large city. Space was set aside for churches, schools and public buildings and broad streets were laid out. St. Paul Street became one of the widest streets in the state and in 1984 made even wider. In the residential section of the city property line, lies 25 ft from curb and ample room for expansion.

Spring Valley was a boom town, its growth was so rapid that it was called the "Magic City." In less than four years, by 1888, the Chicago North Western railroad had laid a line from DeKalb, Illinois, four mines had been sunk and the town had 3,000 people.

Violent strikes

There were large-scale violent strikes in the late 1880s. Italian coal miners in the 1890s brought in anarchism, and the violence escalated during the depression of 1893-96. The strikes were failures but the angry miners voted for the Populist ticket in 1894.

In August 1895, Spring Valley experienced the state's most destructive race riot to date, out of which came major legislation prohibiting companies from bringing in squads of men to replace existing workers. Tension between mine owners and union agitators led to a lockout in 1889. Many Italian immigrants arrived to cross the picket lines but eventually staged their own strike in 1894, encouraging the industry to bring in African Americans to break the strike. Relations between the races rapidly deteriorated, leading to the riot that ended the use of Black strike breakers. Governor John Peter Altgeld's response to the August 4 attack on the black community by displaced Italian miners ultimately revealed his support of fellow immigrants over African Americans. Another riot erupted in 1895 when recent Polish, Lithuanian, Italian, and Belgian immigrants raided, burned, and looted the Black section of town, leaving fourteen Black townspeople injured. Black victims of the riot took their attackers to court and used their status as citizens to win the case against the new immigrants.

Spring Valley remained a brawling, boisterous place until the competition from cheaper Southern Illinois coal fields forced the mine to close in late 1927.

Ethnicity

Spring Valley like every other coal town came to know almost every nationality in Europe. These people came from LaSalle, Peru, Braidwood, Braceville and all mining camps of Northern Illinois. The English, Scottish, Irish, Welsh, and Cornish from the Coal fields of Great Britain, from Northern France and Belgium. Polish, and Germans, Swedes and Lithuanians from opposite shores of the Baltic Sea, Slavish peasants from Central Europe and immigrants from sunny Italy. Many arriving here attired in their native dress tagged and ticketed from their port of entry. The town also developed a black section known as the "Location." In 1905, the Bureau County Republican Newspaper stated that there were 32 distinct nationalities groups in Spring Valley.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Spring_Valley_Police_Station.jpg" caption="The Spring Valley police station"] ::

Institutions founded

By 1888, two years after the incorporation of the town, February 8, 1886, two churches, the Congregational and the Immaculate Conception, had been built, two schools erected, the Immaculate Conception Parochial and the Lincoln Public School, which includes a two-year high school course, a newspaper (the Spring Valley Gazette), and a public library.

This library, an institution for which all towns wait many years, was established by the "Knights of Labor", the Coal Miner's Union in 1885 before the town was a year old, before even a city government was formed. This early interest in education culminated in the establishment of two schools believed to be the first of their kind in the state.

The Hall Township High and Vocational School training in shop, carpentry, printing, drafting, cooking, sewing, typing, shorthand, bookkeeping and banking. This school was constructed in 1914.

Geography

According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Spring Valley has a total area of 7.40 sqmi, of which 7.36 sqmi (or 99.47%) is land and 0.04 sqmi (or 0.53%) is water.

Demographics

|1890= 3837 |1900= 6214 |1910= 7035 |1920= 6493 |1930= 5270 |1940= 5010 |1950= 4916 |1960= 5371 |1970= 5605 |1980= 5822 |1990= 5246 |2000= 5398 |2010= 5558 |2020= 5582 |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census As of the 2020 census there were 5,582 people, 2,221 households, and 1,421 families residing in the city. The population density was 754.83 PD/sqmi. There were 2,539 housing units at an average density of 343.34 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 79.34% White, 1.83% African American, 0.64% Native American, 0.95% Asian, 7.40% from other races, and 9.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.70% of the population.

There were 2,221 households, out of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.32% were married couples living together, 10.45% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.02% were non-families. 29.27% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.87% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 2.26.

The city's age distribution consisted of 19.7% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 21.9% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 22.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $50,549, and the median income for a family was $58,545. Males had a median income of $42,969 versus $17,281 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,500. About 11.9% of families and 14.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.7% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over.

Name

Spring Valley lies in the valley of Spring Creek. The hills on either side of this valley were, and are to some extent today, laced with springs that still feed Spring Creek.

So, with the springs and valleys, it was easy to conceive the name Spring Valley. There is a record that the Indians called this territory, "The Valley of the Springs."

City government

The city government is aldermanic, with two aldermen to each of four wards, and a mayor, who is elected at large. As of 2024, the aldermen comprising the Spring Valley City Council were as follows:

Mayor: Melanie Malooley Thompson (re-elected in 2025)
Ward 1: Mike Herrmann, CJ VanSchaick
Ward 2: Chris Affelt, Jeff Chiaventone
Ward 3: Deb Baltikauski, Jake Kelly
Ward 4: Dave Pellegrini, Ken Bogacz

Transportation

While there is no fixed-route transit service in Spring Valley, intercity bus service is provided by Burlington Trailways in nearby Peru.

Notable people

· Only people who already have a Wikipedia article may appear here. This establishes notability. · The article must mention how they are associated with , whether born, raised, or residing. · The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited. · Alphabetical by last name please · All others will be deleted without further explanation

Brian Allard, MLB pitcher
Chad Durbin, relief pitcher for six MLB teams; World Series champion (2008); born in Spring Valley
Robert Gilkerson, Negro Leagues baseball player, owner and manager of Gilkerson's Union Giants
Joe Krabbenhoft, basketball player and coach at University of Wisconsin
Alixa Naff, historian of Arab American immigration
Billy Papke, world middleweight boxing champion, 1908

References

"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau.
{{GNIS. 2395936
Pianceti, Jim (2011). The Promise of a Better Life: The Coal Mines of Eastern Bureau County, Illinois. Ladd, Illinois: Locust Street Publishing.
John H. M. Laslett. (2000). "Colliers Across the Sea: A Comparative Study of Class Formation in Scotland and the American Midwest, 1830-1924". University of Illinois Press.
Pianceti, Jim (2011). The Promise of a Better Life: The Coal Mines of Eastern Bureau County, Illinois. Ladd, Illinois: Locust Street Publishing.
Henry Demarest Lloyd, ''A Strike of Millionaires Against Miners: Or, The Story of Spring Valley. An Open Letter to the Millionaires'' (1890)
Gianna S. Panofsky, "A View of Two Major Centers of Italian Anarchism in the United States: Spring Valley and Chicago, Illinois." in ''Italian Ethnics: Their Languages, Literature, and Lives'' (1987)
Felix L. Armfield, "Fire on the Prairies: The 1895 Spring Valley Race Riot", ''Journal of Illinois History'' 2000 3(3): 185-200
Caroline A. Waldron, "'Lynch-Law Must Go!' Race, Citizenship, and the Other in an American Coal Mining Town", ''Journal of American Ethnic History'' (2000) 20(1) p. 60 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27502644 in JSTOR]
Caroline A. Waldron, "'Lynch-Law Must Go!' Race, Citizenship, and the Other in an American Coal Mining Town", ''Journal of American Ethnic History'' (2000) 20(1) pp: 50-77 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27502644 in JSTOR]
"Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau.
"Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov.
"Explore Census Data".
"City Council".
"Illinois Bus Stops".
"Chad Durbin Stats". Baseball Almanac.
"Gone But Not Forgotten".
"Joe Krabbenhoft {{!}} Men's Basketball Coach".
Barakat, Matthew. (2013-06-05). "Arab-American scholar Alixa Naff dies at 93". [[Seattle Times]].

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