Spider toxin

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title: "Spider toxin" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["protein-domains", "spider-toxins", "peripheral-membrane-proteins"] description: "Family of toxins produced by spiders" topic_path: "general/protein-domains" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider_toxin" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Family of toxins produced by spiders ::

| Symbol = Toxin_9 | Name = Spider toxin | image = 1IVA.pdb.png | width = | caption = Solution structure of omega-agatoxin-Aa4a from Agelenopsis aperta. | Pfam= PF02819 | Pfam_clan = CL0083 | InterPro= IPR004169 | SMART= | Prosite = | SCOP = 1oav | TCDB = | OPM family= 112 | OPM protein= 1agg | PDB= | Symbol = Atracotoxin | Name = Delta Atracotoxin | image = | width = | caption = | Pfam= PF05353 | InterPro= IPR008017 | SMART= | Prosite = | SCOP = 1qdp | TCDB = | OPM family= | OPM protein= 1vtx | PDB= | Symbol = Toxin_35 | Name = Spider toxin CSTX family | image = | width = | caption = | Pfam= PF10530 | InterPro= IPR011142 | SMART= | PROSITE = PDOC60029 | SCOP = | TCDB = | OPM family= | OPM protein= | PDB= | Symbol = Toxin_12 | Name = Spider potassium channel inhibitory toxin | image = | width = | caption = | Pfam= PF07740 | Pfam_clan = CL0083 | InterPro= IPR011696 | SMART= | Prosite = | SCOP = 1d1h | TCDB = | OPM family= 112 | OPM protein= 1qk6 | PDB= Spider toxins are a family of proteins produced by spiders which function as neurotoxins. The mechanism of many spider toxins is through blockage of calcium channels.

A remotely related group of atracotoxins operate by opening sodium channels. Delta atracotoxin from the venom of the Sydney funnel-web spider produces potentially fatal neurotoxic symptoms in primates by slowing the inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels. The structure of atracotoxin comprises a core beta region containing a triple-stranded a thumb-like extension protruding from the beta region and a C-terminal helix. The beta region contains a cystine knot motif, a feature seen in other neurotoxic polypeptides and other spider toxins, of the CSTX family.

Spider potassium channel inhibitory toxins is another group of spider toxins. A representative of this group is hanatoxin, a 35 amino acid peptide toxin which was isolated from Chilean rose tarantula (Grammostola rosea, syn. G. spatulata) venom. It inhibits the drk1 voltage-gated potassium channel by altering the energetics of gating. See also Huwentoxin-1.

References

References

1. (December 1994). "Structure-activity relationships for P-type calcium channel-selective omega-agatoxins". Nat. Struct. Biol..
2. (1997). "The structure of versutoxin (delta-atracotoxin-Hv1) provides insights into the binding of site 3 neurotoxins to the voltage-gated sodium channel". Structure.
3. (2000). "Solution structure of hanatoxin1, a gating modifier of voltage-dependent K(+) channels: common surface features of gating modifier toxins". J. Mol. Biol..
4. {{InterPro. IPR013140

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