Skou language
Skou (Sekol, Sekou, Sko, Skouw, Skow, Sukou), or Tumawo (Te Mawo), is a Papuan language of Indonesia.
.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:-3px}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}
| Skou |
|---|
| Tumawo |
| Indonesia |
| Muara Tami District, Jayapura City |
| (700 cited 1999) |
| Skou |
WesternSkou | | skv | | nucl1634 | | Skou |
@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}
Skou (Sekol, Sekou, Sko, Skouw, Skow, Sukou), or Tumawo (Te Mawo), is a Papuan language of Indonesia.
Skou is spoken in three villages of Muara Tami District, Jayapura City. The villages are:
- Skou Yambe (Skou name: Te Tángpe), the westernmost and most populous Skou village
- Skou Mabo (Skou name: Te Máwo), located between Skou Yambe and Skou Sae villages
- Skou Sae (Skou name: Te Bapúbi), the easternmost and least populous Skou village
The Skou consonants are:
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m | n | ||||
| p | t | k | |||
| b | ɟ~ɡʲ | ||||
| f | h | ||||
| l | |||||
| r | |||||
| w | j |
Vowels can be nasalized, except for /ɨ/ and /u/.
| Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| i | ĩ | ɨ | u | ||
| e | ẽ | ə | ə̃ | o | õ |
| a | ã |
Skou contrasts three different tones in monosyllables: high, low and falling, which can be combined with nasality for a six-way contrast.
| Pitch | Oral | Nasal |
|---|---|---|
| high [˥] | ta | |
| 'grass' | tã | |
| 'bird' | ||
| low [˨] | ta | |
| 'hair' | tã | |
| 'canoe' | ||
| falling [˥˩] | ta | |
| 'arrow' | tã | |
| 'machete' |
Tone in Skou is affiliated with each word, rather than with each syllable.
In addition to lexical differences in tone, tone has grammatical functions.
For instance, tense in Skou is differentiated by tone.
| non-past tense forms | ||
|---|---|---|
| [ni hu] | ||
| falling-falling | ||
| 'I sew' | [ni ha] | |
| falling-high | ||
| 'I stand' | [ni hũ] | |
| falling-low | ||
| 'I drink' | ||
| past tense forms | ||
| [ni hu] | ||
| falling-low | ||
| 'I sewed' | [ni ha] | |
| falling-low | ||
| 'I stood' | [ni hũ] | |
| falling-low | ||
| 'I drank' |
Skou differentiates three types of pronouns: free pronouns, genitive pronouns and dative pronouns.
| Free | Genitive | Dative | |
|---|---|---|---|
| [ni˥˩] | [ni˥˩] | [nɛ˨] | |
| [nɛ˨] | [nɛ˥˩] | [nɛ˨] | |
| [mɛ˥˩] | [mɛ˥˩] | [mɛ˨] | |
| [ɛ˨] | [ɛ˥˩] | [ɛ˨] | |
| [kɛ˨] | [kɛ˥] | [kɛ˨] | |
| [pɛ˨] | [pɛ˥˩] | [pɛ˨] | |
| [tɛ˨] | [tɛ˥˩] | [tɛ˨] |
.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:27em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:22.5em}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-roman]{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-greek]{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-roman]{list-style-type:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-alpha .references{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-roman .references{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-alpha .references{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-greek .references{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-roman .references{list-style-type:lower-roman}
- Donohue, Mark. 2004. A Grammar of the Skou language of New Guinea. Singapore: National University of Singapore. Available at [2].
.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}