Simon Ushakov
Russian icon painter (c. 1626–1686)
title: "Simon Ushakov" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["17th-century-russian-painters", "russian-male-painters", "russian-icon-painters", "1626-births", "1686-deaths"] description: "Russian icon painter (c. 1626–1686)" topic_path: "geography/russia" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Ushakov" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Russian icon painter (c. 1626–1686) ::
::data[format=table title="Infobox artist"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Simon Ushakov |
| native_name | Симон Ушаков |
| native_name_lang | ru |
| birth_date | |
| death_date | 25 June 1686 |
| death_place | Moscow, Tsardom of Russia |
| occupation | |
| known_for | |
| :: |
| name = Simon Ushakov | native_name = Симон Ушаков | native_name_lang = ru | birth_date = | death_date = 25 June 1686 | death_place = Moscow, Tsardom of Russia | occupation = | known_for =
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Ushakov_Nerukotvorniy.jpg" caption="''Saviour [[Not Made by Hands]]'', painted for the [[Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra]] in 1658"] ::
Simon (Pimen) Fyodorovich Ushakov (; – 25 June 1686) was a Russian icon painter.
Together with Fyodor Zubov and Fyodor Rozhnov, he is associated with the comprehensive reform of the Russian Orthodox Church undertaken by Patriarch Nikon. Ushakov is also credited with popularizing the genre of secular portrait painting in Russia, known as parsuna.
Early life
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Simon_ushakov_last_supper_1685.jpg" caption="''The Last Supper'', 1685"] ::
Almost nothing about the early years of Simon Ushakov is known. His birth date is deduced from his inscription on one of the icons: "In the year 7166 painted this icon Simon Ushakov son, being 32 years of age".
Career
At the age of 22, he became a paid artist of the Silver Chamber, affiliated with the armory prikaz. The bright, fresh colours and exquisite, curving lines of his proto-baroque icons caught the eye of Patriarch Nikon, who introduced Simon to the tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. He became a great favourite with the royal family and was eventually in 1664 assigned to the Kremlin Armoury, run by an educated boyar called Bogdan Khitrovo.
Ushakov had a lot of pupils and associates and even published a short treatise on icon-painting entitled A Word to Loving-Meticulous Icon Painting in 1664. Some of the more conservative Russian priests, such as archpriest Avvakum, regarded his icons as "lascivious works of devil", for they were too Western for their tastes. Avvakum, in particular, alleged that Ushakov painted his "fleshly saints" after his own portly appearance. Later scholars in the 19th-century regarded Ushakov as starting the "decline" of icon painting.
Ushakov also executed secular commissions and produced engravings for book illustrations. In other words, he was one of the first secular painters in Russia. Some of his icons, transported to Western Europe, were instrumental in fomenting interest for nascent Russian painting. He is regarded as a pioneer of Western influence in portrait painting and engravings for books.
Death
He died on 25 June 1686 in Moscow.
Selected works
File:Ushakov Great Archierey.jpg|Christ, the Great Hierarch, State Historical Museum (1658) File:Simon Ushakov Mary Tree.jpg|Our Lady of Vladimir, Tree of the Muscovite State, State Tretyakov Gallery (1668) File:SimonUshakov OurLadyOfEleus.jpg|* Our Lady of Eleus*, State Tretyakov Gallery (1668) File:Simon Ushakov Archangel Mikhail and Devil.JPG|Archangel Michael Trampling the Devil Underfoot, State Tretyakov Gallery (1676) File:Ushakov Christ Emmanuel.jpg|Christ Emmanuel, State Russian Museum (1668)
References
Sources
- Chapter on Ushakov and his school from Igor Grabar's History of Russian Art
- V. N. Alexandrov, History of Russian Art, Minsk, 2004,
References
- (27 September 2017). "The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists". Oxford University Press.
- (17 December 2018). "The Icon and the Square: Russian Modernism and the Russo-Byzantine Revival". Penn State Press.
- (20 November 2017). "The History of the Discovery and Study of Russian Medieval Painting". BRILL.
- (1 January 1990). "Sophia, Regent of Russia, 1657-1704". Yale University Press.
- (2010). "Personality and Place in Russian Culture: Essays in Memory of Lindsey Hughes". MHRA.
- (2001). "Russische und Ukrainische Geschichte Vom 16.-18. Jahrhundert". Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
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