Sida fallax

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Species of plant

title: "Sida fallax" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["sida-(plant)", "flora-of-hawaii", "biota-of-oahu", "taxa-named-by-wilhelm-gerhard-walpers"] description: "Species of plant" topic_path: "general/sida-plant" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sida_fallax" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Species of plant ::

|image = Starr 020112-0026 Sida fallax.jpg |image_caption = |image2 = 黃花稔屬 Sida fallax -香港公園 Hong Kong Park- (33216289433).jpg |image2_caption = |genus = Sida |species = fallax |authority = Walp. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Sida_fallax_Nihoa.jpg" caption="Sida fallax on [[Nīhoa]] island"] ::

Sida fallax, known as yellow ilima, golden mallow, or Ilima is a species of herbaceous flowering plant in the Hibiscus family, Malvaceae, indigenous to the Hawaiian Archipelago and other Pacific Islands. Plants may be erect or prostrate and are found in drier areas in sandy soils, often near the ocean. Ilima is the symbol of Laloimehani and is the flower for the islands of Oahu, Hawaii, and Abemama, Kiribati.

It is known as ilima or āpiki in Hawaiian and as kio in Marshallese, te kaura in Kiribati, idibin ekaura in Nauruan, and akatā in Tuvalu.

In Hawaiian religion, the ilima flowers are associated with Laka, the goddess of the hula, and the plant's prostrate form with Pele's brother, Kane-apua, the god of taro planters. Lei made from ilima were believed to attract mischievous spirits (thus its alternative name, āpiki), although some considered them to be lucky.

Description

The flowers are small, 0.75 - in diameter; have five petals; and range from golden yellow to orange in color.

Ilima grows from 6 in to 10 ft tall in prostrate (beach growing) and erect (upland shrub) forms. Lowland ilima, known as ilima papa, has silver-green foliage; mountain varieties have smooth, green foliage. Leaves can be long and narrow or rounded or heart-shaped with finely to coarsely serrated leaf margins. Flowers may be solitary or occur in small clusters.

Uses

Native Hawaiians used ilima flowers to make lei, and it is possibly the only plant cultivated specifically for lei-making in ancient Hawaii. About 1,000 ilima blossoms are needed to make one strand of a lei. Ilima is now planted as a commercial crop for flowers and garlands in Hawaii and Kiribati; where it was once seen as only for use in lei for royalty, but it now can be worn by anyone.

The flowers are sometimes also used as a food garnish, and flowers and tender meristems are sometimes used to scent coconut oil in Nauru. The stems are used in weaving rough baskets, floor coverings, and in house thatching. The bushes are used to help prepare swamp taro beds in Hawaii, and dried leaves and flowers are used as fertilizer, mulch, and sometimes compost in Kiribati. S. fallax is sometimes used as a groundcover in tropical areas.

Traditionally, ilima was used medicinally to ease pregnancy and as a mild laxative. The flowers were used in magic, particularly love magic; for example, in Kiribati S. fallax flowers were mixed with coconut milk and bark from Premna serratifolia trees to promote true love.

References

References

  1. {{PLANTS
  2. Velde, Nancy Vander. (August 2003). "The Vasuclar Plants of Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands". Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History.
  3. "{{okina}}ilima".
  4. (April 2004). "Native plants of the Marshalls". RMI Office of Environmental Planning and Policy Coordination (OEPPC).
  5. Thaman, R.R.. (August 1987). "Plants of Kiribati: A Listing and Analysis of Vernacular Names". Smithsonian Institution.
  6. Naikatini, A.. (2021). "Field Guide for the Biodiversity Rapid Assessment Program (BioRAP) of Funafuti Atoll, Nukulaelae Atoll, Niutao Island and Vaitupu Island, Tuvalu – Technical Report". Ridge to Reef Unit, Department of Environment.
  7. Thaman, R.R.. (May 1992). "Batiri Kei Baravi: The Ethnobotany of Pacific Island Coastal Plants". Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History.
  8. "{{okina}}āpiki".
  9. "Sida fallax ('Ilima)".
  10. (1997). "Ilima". Cooperative Extension Service, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai{{okina}}i at Mānoa.
  11. "{{okina}}ilima, apiki, {{okina}}ilima lei, kapuaokanakamaimai. {{okina}}ilima ku kala, {{okina}}ilima makana{{okina}}a". [[Bernice P. Bishop Museum]].
  12. Bornhorst, Heidi Leianuenue. (2005). "Growing Native Hawaiian Plants: A How-to Guide for the Gardener". Bess Press.
  13. "Native Plants Hawaii - Viewing Plant: Sida fallax".
  14. Thaman, R.R.. (January 1990). "Kiribati Agroforestry: Trees, People and the Atoll Environment". Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History.

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sida-(plant)flora-of-hawaiibiota-of-oahutaxa-named-by-wilhelm-gerhard-walpers