SHANK2

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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

title: "SHANK2" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public description: "Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens" topic_path: "uncategorized" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHANK2" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens ::

SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHANK2 gene. Two alternative splice variants, encoding distinct isoforms, are reported. Additional splice variants exist but their full-length nature has not been determined.

Function

This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the Shank family of synaptic proteins that may function as molecular scaffolds in the postsynaptic density (PSD). Shank proteins contain multiple domains for protein-protein interaction, including ankyrin repeats, an SH3 domain, a PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 domain, a sterile alpha motif domain, and a proline-rich region. This particular family member contains a PDZ domain, a consensus sequence for cortactin SH3 domain-binding peptides and a sterile alpha motif. The alternative splicing demonstrated in Shank genes has been suggested as a mechanism for regulating the molecular structure of Shank and the spectrum of Shank-interacting proteins in the PSDs of adult and developing brain.

It is thought that SHANK2 might play a role in synaptogenesis by attaching metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) to an existing pool of NMDA receptors (NMDA-R), bylinking to the NMDA-R through PSD-95, and the mGluRs through HOMER1. An alternative hypothesis is that the Homer/Shank/GKAP/PSD-95 assembly mediates physical association of the NMDAR with IP3R/RYR and intracellular Ca2+ stores.

Interactions

SHANK2 has been shown to interact with:

Associations with neuropsychiatric disease

Mutations in SHANK2 have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. In particular, heterozygous loss-of-function mutations have a near-complete penetrance in ASD. Neurons generated from people with ASD and SHANK2 mutations develop larger dendritic trees and more synaptic connections than those from healthy controls. In addition, common mutations in SHANK2 have been linked to bipolar disorder.

References

References

  1. (October 1999). "Characterization of the Shank family of synaptic proteins. Multiple genes, alternative splicing, and differential expression in brain and development". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  2. "Entrez Gene: SHANK2 SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2".
  3. (June 2002). "ProSAP/Shank proteins - a family of higher order organizing molecules of the postsynaptic density with an emerging role in human neurological disease". Journal of Neurochemistry.
  4. (May 2003). "The Shank family of postsynaptic density proteins interacts with and promotes synaptic accumulation of the beta PIX guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1 and Cdc42". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  5. (October 1998). "Identification of a novel cortactin SH3 domain-binding protein and its localization to growth cones of cultured neurons". Molecular and Cellular Biology.
  6. (June 2000). "Interaction of the postsynaptic density-95/guanylate kinase domain-associated protein complex with a light chain of myosin-V and dynein". The Journal of Neuroscience.
  7. (October 1999). "Proline-rich synapse-associated proteins ProSAP1 and ProSAP2 interact with synaptic proteins of the SAPAP/GKAP family". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.
  8. (December 2001). "Dynamin isoform-specific interaction with the shank/ProSAP scaffolding proteins of the postsynaptic density and actin cytoskeleton". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  9. (December 2016). "Whole-Genome Sequencing in Multiplex Families with Psychoses Reveals Mutations in the SHANK2 and SMARCA1 Genes Segregating with Illness". Molecular Psychiatry.
  10. (September 2014). "Meta-analysis of SHANK Mutations in Autism Spectrum Disorders: a gradient of severity in cognitive impairments". PLOS Genetics.
  11. (April 2019). "SHANK2 mutations associated with autism spectrum disorder cause hyperconnectivity of human neurons". Nature Neuroscience.
  12. (May 2019). "Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder". Nature Genetics.

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