Sennar

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title: "Sennar" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["populated-places-in-sennar-state", "state-capitals-in-sudan"] topic_path: "general/populated-places-in-sennar-state" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sennar" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
official_nameSennar
native_nameسنار
settlement_type
image_skylineSennar University Gate.JPG
dot_x
pushpin_mapSudan
pushpin_label_positionbottom
pushpin_map_captionLocation in Sudan
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_name[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg
subdivision_type1State
subdivision_name1Sennar State
leader_title1
established_title
established_title2
established_title3
unit_prefImperial
area_total_km2
area_land_km2
population_as_of2007
population_total143,059
population_blank1_titleEthnicities
population_blank2_titleReligions
coordinates
elevation_footnotes
postal_code_type
::

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Sennar ( ar) is a city on the Blue Nile in Sudan and possibly the capital of the state of Sennar. For several centuries it was the capital of the Funj Kingdom of Sennar and until at least 2011, Sennar was the capital of Sennar State.

History

The area was under Kushite & Meroitic rule from 750 BC to around 350 AD. The area came under Alwan rule, after which the Alwans were overthrown by the Funj who made Sennar their capital.

Overview

The French traveler Charles-Jacques Poncet, who visited Sennar near the end of the 17th century, estimated the town had a population of 100,000 inhabitants. However, when the Dutch explorer Juan Maria Schuver travelled through the town in April 1881, he doubted it had "anything like 100,000 inhabitants, when Khartoum, the centre and capital of a tenfold larger country is not able to muster more than a quarter of that number, if we exclude the garrison." He observed that Sennar had declined as trade had over the years shifted to Karkoj, "much more advantageously situated as the terminus of regular navigation, as the natural outlet of the Takruri country between Kassala and Galabat."

The modern town lies SSE of the ruins of the ancient capital of the Funj Kingdom, 300 km southeast of Khartoum, the Capital of Sudan.

The city is home to Sinnar University, established in 1977.{{cite web |url = http://africa.isp.msu.edu/AUP/instinfo.htm?id=1218 |title = Sinar University |publisher = African Studies Center |access-date = 2011-09-17 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110812082230/http://africa.isp.msu.edu/AUP/instinfo.htm?id=1218 |archive-date = 2011-08-12

Climate

Despite receiving over 430 mm of rainfall per year, the extreme heat and high evapotranspiration means Sennar only has a very borderline hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh), lying extremely close to a hot arid climate (BWh). Like all of the Sahel, Sennar features a short wet season from mid-June to September, and a long dry season. The dry season itself divides into a merely hot period from October to February and a sweltering period from March to mid-June when the monsoon arrives, reducing the extreme heat but making the weather even more uncomfortable due to higher humidity.

| width = auto | collapsed = yes | metric first = yes | single line = yes | location = Sennar (1991–2020, extremes 1907–present) | temperature colour = pastel | Jan record high C = 44 | Feb record high C = 45.9 | Mar record high C = 47 | Apr record high C = 47 | May record high C = 47 | Jun record high C = 46.5 | Jul record high C = 42.7 | Aug record high C = 41.5 | Sep record high C = 44.6 | Oct record high C = 46 | Nov record high C = 41.5 | Dec record high C = 40.3 | year record high C = 47 | Jan high C = 33.4 | Feb high C = 36.0 | Mar high C = 39.2 | Apr high C = 41.8 | May high C = 40.7 | Jun high C = 39.1 | Jul high C = 35.6 | Aug high C = 33.5 | Sep high C = 35.6 | Oct high C = 37.5 | Nov high C = 36.8 | Dec high C = 34.2 | year high C = 37.0 | Jan mean C = 23.2 | Feb mean C = 25.4 | Mar mean C = 28.4 | Apr mean C = 31.8 | May mean C = 32.7 | Jun mean C = 32.0 | Jul mean C = 29.3 | Aug mean C = 27.8 | Sep mean C = 29.0 | Oct mean C = 29.7 | Nov mean C = 27.1 | Dec mean C = 24.2 | year mean C = 28.4 | Jan low C = 13.0 | Feb low C = 14.8 | Mar low C = 17.7 | Apr low C = 21.8 | May low C = 24.8 | Jun low C = 24.8 | Jul low C = 23.1 | Aug low C = 22.2 | Sep low C = 22.4 | Oct low C = 22.0 | Nov low C = 17.3 | Dec low C = 14.2 | year low C = 19.8 | Jan record low C = 4 | Feb record low C = 4.6 | Mar record low C = 6 | Apr record low C = 10 | May record low C = 15 | Jun record low C = 16.7 | Jul record low C = 17 | Aug record low C = 17.2 | Sep record low C = 17 | Oct record low C = 13 | Nov record low C = 7.5 | Dec record low C = 4.7 | year record low C = 4 | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 0.1 | Feb rain mm = 0.0 | Mar rain mm = 1.1 | Apr rain mm = 2.1 | May rain mm = 22.4 | Jun rain mm = 43.3 | Jul rain mm = 127.5 | Aug rain mm = 146.0 | Sep rain mm = 68.3 | Oct rain mm = 23.4 | Nov rain mm = 2.5 | Dec rain mm = 0.0 | year rain mm = 436.6 | unit rain days = 1.0 mm | Jan rain days = 0.0 | Feb rain days = 0.0 | Mar rain days = 0.1 | Apr rain days = 0.5 | May rain days = 2.7 | Jun rain days = 4.3 | Jul rain days = 8.9 | Aug rain days = 10.9 | Sep rain days = 5.4 | Oct rain days = 2.1 | Nov rain days = 0.1 | Dec rain days = 0.0 | year rain days = 35.1 | Jan humidity = 39 | Feb humidity = 31 | Mar humidity = 26 | Apr humidity = 25 | May humidity = 36 | Jun humidity = 48 | Jul humidity = 64 | Aug humidity = 73 | Sep humidity = 68 | Oct humidity = 58 | Nov humidity = 44 | Dec humidity = 44 | year humidity = 46 | Jan sun = 313.1 | Feb sun = 274.4 | Mar sun = 297.6 | Apr sun = 279.0 | May sun = 266.6 | Jun sun = 240.0 | Jul sun = 204.6 | Aug sun = 201.5 | Sep sun = 237.0 | Oct sun = 282.1 | Nov sun = 306.0 | Dec sun = 316.2 | year sun = 3218.1 | source 1 = NOAA{{cite web |url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Sudan/CSV/Sennar_62762.csv |title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Sennar |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = January 22, 2024}}{{Cite FTP | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/SU/62762.TXT | server = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | title = Sennar Climate Normals 1961-1990 | access-date = 22 October 2016}} |source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows) | url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1842 | title = Station Sennar | publisher = Meteo Climat |language = fr | access-date = 22 October 2016}}

Demographics

::data[format=table]

YearPopulation
1973 (Census)28,546
1983 (Census)42,803
1993 (Census)72,187
2007 (Estimate)143,059
::

Notable people

References

References

  2. "Sudan tribune news site".
  3. "Meroitic - Oxford Reference" https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100151608?d=%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803100151608&p=emailAA62FcxhQE6qk
  4. [[Wendy James]], Gerd Baumann, and Douglas H. Johnson, ''Juan Maria Schuver's Travels in North East Africa, 1880-1883'' (London: Hakluyt Society, 1996), p. 13
  5. (2015). "Sudan". [[Library of Congress]].
  6. . (22 Dec 2023). ["RSF consolidate control over Jezira and reach the gates of Sennar: Army collapses across a vast swathe of agricultural heartland"](https://sudanwarmonitor.com/p/rsf-consolidate-control-over-jezira). *Substack*.
  7. Hounsome, Natalia. (2022-10-17). "Role of socioeconomic factors in developing mycetoma: Results from a household survey in Sennar State, Sudan". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.

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