Senj

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title: "Senj" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["senj", "cities-and-towns-in-croatia", "populated-coastal-places-in-croatia", "populated-places-in-lika-senj-county", "illyrian-croatia", "cities-in-ancient-illyria"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senj" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameSenj
official_nameGrad Senj
Town of Senj
settlement_typeTown
image_skyline{{Photomontage
photo4aFortress Nehaj.jpg
photo3aSenj katedrála věž 1.jpg
photo3bSenj renesanční dům.jpg
photo2bKula u Senju.jpg
photo2aSenj katedrála 1.jpg
photo1aSenj přístav a Nehaj 1.jpg
size260
spacing1
color#FFFFFF
border1
image_captionClockwise, from top: Senj harbour, City walls, medieval city hall, Nehaj, Co-Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary, Senj, Bell tower of the Co-Cathedral
image_sealWappen Senj HR.gif
mapframeyes
mapframe-zoom9
mapframe-frame-height300
pushpin_mapCroatia
pushpin_mapsize300
pushpin_map_captionLocation of Senj within Croatia
pushpin_label_position
coordinates
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameCroatia
subdivision_type1Region
subdivision_name1Central Croatia
(Croatian Littoral)
subdivision_type2County
subdivision_name2[[File:Flag of Lika-Senj County.svg
established_title
established_title2
leader_partyHDZ
leader_titleMayor
leader_nameJurica Tomljanović
leader_title1Town Council
leader_name1{{Collapsible list
title13 members
frame_styleborder: none; padding: 0;
list_styletext-align:left;display:none;
1• HDZ, HBS (8)
2• Lipo Party (3)
3• SDP (1)
4• Independent (1)
unit_pref
area_footnotes
area_total_km2657.9
area_land_km2
area_urban_km23.2
elevation_footnotestags--
elevation_m0
population_footnotes
population_as_of2021
population_total5973
population_density_km2auto
population_urban4164
population_density_urban_km2auto
timezoneCET
timezone_DSTCEST
utc_offset+1
utc_offset_DST+2
postal_code_typePostal code
postal_code53 270
area_code053
website
::

| name = Senj | official_name = Grad Senj Town of Senj | other_name = | settlement_type = Town | image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center |photo4a =Fortress Nehaj.jpg |photo3a =Senj katedrála věž 1.jpg |photo3b =Senj renesanční dům.jpg |photo2b =Kula u Senju.jpg |photo2a =Senj katedrála 1.jpg |photo1a =Senj přístav a Nehaj 1.jpg |size = 260 |spacing = 1 |color = #FFFFFF |border = 1 | image_caption = Clockwise, from top: Senj harbour, City walls, medieval city hall, Nehaj, Co-Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary, Senj, Bell tower of the Co-Cathedral | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = Wappen Senj HR.gif | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | motto = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 9 | mapframe-frame-height = 300 | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Croatia | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Senj within Croatia | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Croatia | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Central Croatia (Croatian Littoral) | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = [[File:Flag of Lika-Senj County.svg|border|23px]] Lika-Senj | established_title = | established_date = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_party = HDZ | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Jurica Tomljanović | leader_title1 = Town Council | leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list |title = 13 members |frame_style= border: none; padding: 0; |list_style=text-align:left;display:none; |1 =• HDZ, HBS (8) |2 =• Lipo Party (3) |3 =• SDP (1) |4 =• Independent (1) | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 657.9 | area_land_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = 3.2 | area_metro_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = tags-- | elevation_m = 0 | elevation_ft = | population_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2021 | population_total = 5973 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 4164 | population_density_urban_km2 = auto | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_note = | timezone = CET | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset = +1 | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 53 270 | area_code = 053 | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes =

Senj is a town on the upper Adriatic coast in Croatia, in the foothills of the Mala Kapela and Velebit mountains.

The symbol of the town is the Nehaj Fortress () which was completed in 1558. For a time this was the seat of the Uskoks, who were Christian refugees from Ottoman Bosnia resettled here to protect the Habsburg borderlands. The Republic of Venice accused the Uskoks of piracy and declared war on them, which led to their expulsion following a truce in 1617.

Senj is to be found in the Lika-Senj County of Croatia, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gospić-Senj and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rijeka.

History

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/1888_Zengg_12kr_Mg.jpg" caption="Kingdom of Hungary postage stamp, 1888, cancelled in Senj (Zengg)."] ::

Senj has apparently been inhabited since prehistoric times. Senj is an old settlement founded more than 3000 years ago on Kuk hill, which is east of today's Senj. A settlement called Athyinites or Athuinites (Αθυινιτες) in today's Senj was mentioned in Greek documents dated to the 4th century BC. The Illyrian tribes Iapodes and Liburnians inhabited the area as it was located in Illyria.

Senia was a thriving town in the Roman province of Dalmatia, used by the Romans as a stronghold against the Illyrians in the 2nd century BC. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Avars and the Croats eventually settled here in the 7th century AD.

The Catholic diocese of Senj was established in 1169. King of Hungary Béla III gave the town to the Knights Templar in 1184, and in 1271 it became the property of the Frankopan counts of Krk.

In 1248 the bishop of Senj was allowed by Pope Innocent IV to use the Glagolitic alphabet and the vernacular in liturgy. A Glagolitic printing press was set up in 1494 and produced the incunabula The Glagolic Missal and Spovid općena.

The military captaincy of Senj was established in 1469 in order to defend against the invading Ottoman and Venetian armies. The town sheltered thousands of refugees from nearby occupied areas. The Nehaj Fortress was completed in 1558 on the hill Nehaj, which at the time was outside of town (today it is wholly within the town's borders.) Some of the Senj's towers; names were listed as Radomerić (east); Lipica and Pope Leo's (north); Ladarska, Gatska, and Šabac (west); and Zvancić, and Tulac (south). The wars with the Ottomans lasted well into the 17th century. During this time the Uskoks lived in Senj and occupied its fortress. One of the most significant Uskoks was Ivo Senjanin (Ivo of Senj), who frequently launched expeditions against the Ottomans until his execution in 1612. They served an important purpose during the wars since they had small units of men rowing swift boats that proved to be very effective guerrilla forces. However, after the Uskok War with Venice, which ended in 1617, they were forbidden to settle in the area. Prince Radic was appointed Prince of Senj by king Rudolf emperor of Austria (1 December 1600). (Radic family) Native noble family from Lika region; members of the family were Uskok military leaders at the headquarters in Senj.

Notable polymath and writer Pavao Ritter Vitezović was born within the city walls in 1652, whose work later inspired the Illyrian movement.

The 18th century brought some prosperity, especially with the construction of the Josephina (named after Emperor Joseph II) linking the Adriatic coast via Senj to Karlovac. The railway line built in 1873 between Fiume (Rijeka) and Karlovac did not pass by Senj which held back further development.

In March 1873, a savings bank opened in Senj.

Apart from a brief period as part of the Illyrian Provinces during the Napoleonic Wars, the town was part of the Croatian Military Frontier (District II, Ottochaner Regiment, right on the border with District III, Oguliner Regiment) within the Habsburg monarchy (from 1804 the Austrian Empire, after the compromise of 1867 Austria-Hungary). When the frontier was dissolved in 1881 it became part of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (itself within Transleithania and Austria-Hungary) where it was briefly part of the Lika-Otočac District (a transitional merger of Military Frontier districts I and II) before becoming part of Lika-Krbava County in 1886.

In 1929, an HKD Napredak branch was founded in Senj.

In the fall of 1943, during World War II, when Fascist Italy capitulated, the Partisans took control of Senj and used it as a supply port. Subsequently, the Luftwaffe started bombarding the town. By the end of the year they had demolished over half of the buildings in town and inflicted heavy civilian casualties.

Climate

Senj has a temperate climate which is usually described as temperate Oceanic or Marine west coast, with mild, windy winters and relatively dry and warm summers. According to the Köppen (and Trewartha) climate classification it falls within a subtropical zone (Köppen Cfa/Trewartha Cf), with Mediterranean characteristics such as its slightly drier summers.

Since records began in 1949, the highest temperature recorded at the local weather station at an elevation of 26 m was 39.7 C, on 22 July 2015. The coldest temperature was -16.6 C, on 10 February 1956.

|location = Senj |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan record high C = 20.5 |Feb record high C = 22.2 |Mar record high C = 25.9 |Apr record high C = 29.5 |May record high C = 33.6 |Jun record high C = 36.3 |Jul record high C = 39.7 |Aug record high C = 38.6 |Sep record high C = 35.6 |Oct record high C = 29.9 |Nov record high C = 26.9 |Dec record high C = 20.9 |year record high C = 39.7 |Jan mean C = 6.1 |Feb mean C = 6.6 |Mar mean C = 9.5 |Apr mean C = 13.3 |May mean C = 17.9 |Jun mean C = 21.9 |Jul mean C = 24.5 |Aug mean C = 24.2 |Sep mean C = 20.2 |Oct mean C = 15.6 |Nov mean C = 11.1 |Dec mean C = 7.5 |year mean C = 14.9 |Jan record low C = −11.8 |Feb record low C = −16.6 |Mar record low C = −9.3 |Apr record low C = −0.8 |May record low C = 3.4 |Jun record low C = 7.6 |Jul record low C = 10.5 |Aug record low C = 8.2 |Sep record low C = 6.7 |Oct record low C = 1.6 |Nov record low C = −4.9 |Dec record low C = −10.4 |year record low C = −16.6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 94.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 90.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 86.7 |Apr precipitation mm = 96.1 |May precipitation mm = 91.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 84.9 |Jul precipitation mm = 64.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 94.6 |Sep precipitation mm = 137.9 |Oct precipitation mm = 143.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 165.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 124.5 |year precipitation mm = |Jan rain days = 10 |Feb rain days = 9 |Mar rain days = 10 |Apr rain days = 12 |May rain days = 11 |Jun rain days = 10 |Jul rain days = 8 |Aug rain days = 8 |Sep rain days = 9 |Oct rain days = 10 |Nov rain days = 13 |Dec rain days = 12 |year rain days = |Jan snow days = 2 |Feb snow days = 3 |Mar snow days = 2 |Apr snow days = 0 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 1 |Dec snow days = 2 |year snow days = |Jan sun = 100.9 |Feb sun = 123.2 |Mar sun = 158.1 |Apr sun = 187.7 |May sun = 242.7 |Jun sun = 265.8 |Jul sun = 310.2 |Aug sun = 287.2 |Sep sun = 214.7 |Oct sun = 167.6 |Nov sun = 101.8 |Dec sun = 90.2 |year sun = |source 1 = Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service{{cite web |url = http://klima.hr/klima.php?id=k1&param=srednjak&Grad=senj |title = Mjesečne vrijednosti za Senj u razdoblju1948−2014 |language = hr |access-date = 3 December 2015 |publisher = Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service}}

Economy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Senj_Croatia.JPG" caption="View of the town"] ::

Modern Senj is a seaside tourist town. Primary industries are fishing, boating, and tourism.

Population

As of the 2021 census, Senj had a population of 5,973, with 97.30% being ethnic Croats. The largest minorities are Serbs with a population of 43 (0.72%) and Albanians with a population of 27 (0.45%)

There are 27 settlements in the Town of Senj and they include (population as of 2021):

Sports

The local HPS chapter was called HPD "Senjsko Bilo".

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Senj is twinned with:

Gallery

File:Senj6.jpg|Senj waterfront File:Winter bora in Senj.jpg|Senj harbor chained with snow after a cold front File:Senj statue.jpg|The Three Seamen statue File:Suncanik Senj 45 paralela 07.jpg|The Sundial in the town that lies on the north 45th parallel File:Nehaj Senj Croatia outhouse 090727a.JPG|View of the Adriatic Sea File:Nehaj Senj Croatia West 090728.JPG|The fortress Nehaj is the most famous monument and symbol of Senj File:Senj from the sea.jpg|A view of Senj from the sea.

Notes

References

Bibliography

General

Biology

History

References

  1. {{Cite Q. Q119585703
  2. {{Croatian Census 2021. S
  3. (1975). "Sȅnj". Školska knjiga.
  4. "Povijest grada {{!}} Grad Senj – Službene stranice Grada Senja".
  5. (1920). "Sredovječni gradovi u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji". Matica hrvatska.
  6. Zoričić, Milovan. (1879). "Statistika vjeresijskih zavoda za godine 1847-1877 za godine 1847-1877". Kraljevski zemaljski statistički ured, 🖶 Dragutin Albrecht.
  7. [[Josephinian land survey]], see [[:File:Josephinische Landaufnahme Karlstadter.jpg]]
  8. Handbook of Austria and Lombardy-Venetia Cancellations on the Postage Stamp Issues 1850–1864, by Edwin MUELLER, 1961.
  9. [[:File:A Magyar Korona Orszagainak... (Carte de la Hongrie (Hongrie, Croatie et Esclavonie)) - (levée en plan, faite et dessinée par Ignace Hatsek) - btv1b530229718 (4 of 7).jpg]]
  10. Mihael Sobolevski. (December 1, 2003). "Bombardiranje Senja zrakoplovima u Drugom svjetskom ratu". City Museum Senj – Senj Museum Society.
  11. DHMZ. (2022-07-19). "Najviše izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja".
  12. DHMZ. (2022-01-21). "Najniže izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja".
  13. "Stanovništvo u najvećim gradovima, općinama i naseljima".
  14. {{Croatian Census 2021. M
  15. {{Croatian Census 2011. S
  16. Plaček, Josip. (1936). "Izvještaj tajnika".
  17. "Gradovi prijatelji Grada Senja". Senj.

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senjcities-and-towns-in-croatiapopulated-coastal-places-in-croatiapopulated-places-in-lika-senj-countyillyrian-croatiacities-in-ancient-illyria