Senecavirus

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Genus of viruses

title: "Senecavirus" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["picornaviridae", "virotherapy", "virus-genera"] description: "Genus of viruses" topic_path: "general/picornaviridae" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senecavirus" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of viruses ::

| image = 3CJI Senecavirus.png | image_caption = | taxon = Senecavirus | synonyms =

Senecavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Picornaviridae. Mammals of the order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) serve as natural hosts, with senecaviruses reported in cows, pigs and dolphins. The genus contains two species. Senecavirus is a replication-competent oncolytic picornavirus. It has selective tropism for cancers with neuroendocrine features including small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and several pediatric solid tumors including retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and medulloblastoma.{{Cite journal | last1 = Reddy | first1 = P. S. | last2 = Burroughs | first2 = K. D. | last3 = Hales | first3 = L. M. | last4 = Ganesh | first4 = S. | last5 = Jones | first5 = B. H. | last6 = Idamakanti | first6 = N. | last7 = Hay | first7 = C. | last8 = Li | first8 = S. S. | last9 = Skele | first9 = K. L. | last10 = Vasko | doi = 10.1093/jnci/djm198 | first10 = A. -J. | last11 = Yang | first11 = J. | last12 = Watkins | first12 = D. N. | last13 = Rudin | first13 = C. M. | last14 = Hallenbeck | first14 = P. L. | title = Seneca Valley Virus, a Systemically Deliverable Oncolytic Picornavirus, and the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Cancers | journal = JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute | volume = 99 | issue = 21 | pages = 1623–1633 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17971529 | pmc = 5261858 It has potential antineoplastic activity.

Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species:

  • Senecavirus cetus; Cetacean picornavirus 1
  • Senecavirus valles; Senecavirus A1, also called Seneca Valley virus

Structure

Viruses in Senecavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical, and round geometries, with T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 30 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 7.3kb in length.

::data[format=table] | Genus | Structure || Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation | |---|---|---|---|---| | Senecavirus | Icosahedral | Pseudo T=3 | Non-enveloped | Linear | ::

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the virus to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and viroporins. Pig and maybe also cow serve as the natural host.

The receptor for Seneca Valley virus has been identified as anthrax toxin receptor 1.Miles LA, Burga LN, Gardner EE, Bostina M, Poirier JT, Rudin CM (2017) Anthrax toxin receptor 1 is the cellular receptor for Seneca Valley virus. J Clin Invest

::data[format=table]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
SenecavirusPigs, CowOncolyticCell receptor endocytosisLysisCytoplasmCytoplasmUnknown
::

Discovery and origin

The complete genome sequence of senecavirus was completed in 2008.{{Cite journal | last1 = Hales | first1 = L. M. | last2 = Knowles | first2 = N. J. | last3 = Reddy | first3 = P. S. | last4 = Xu | first4 = L. | last5 = Hay | first5 = C. | last6 = Hallenbeck | first6 = P. L. | doi = 10.1099/vir.0.83570-0 | title = Complete genome sequence analysis of Seneca Valley virus-001, a novel oncolytic picornavirus | journal = Journal of General Virology | volume = 89 | issue = 5 | pages = 1265–1275 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18420805 | pmc = | doi-access = free

An infectious clone of senecavirus was reported in 2012.{{Cite journal | last1 = Poirier | first1 = J. T. | last2 = Reddy | first2 = P. S. | last3 = Idamakanti | first3 = N. | last4 = Li | first4 = S. S. | last5 = Stump | first5 = K. L. | last6 = Burroughs | first6 = K. D. | last7 = Hallenbeck | first7 = P. L. | last8 = Rudin | first8 = C. M. | doi = 10.1099/vir.0.046011-0 | title = Characterization of a full-length infectious cDNA clone and a GFP reporter derivative of the oncolytic picornavirus SVV-001 | journal = Journal of General Virology | volume = 93 | issue = Pt 12 | pages = 2606–2613 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22971818 | pmc = | doi-access = free

Senecavirus has been proposed to attack cancer stem cells.{{Cite journal | last1 = Friedman | first1 = G. K. | last2 = Cassady | first2 = K. A. | last3 = Beierle | first3 = E. A. | last4 = Markert | first4 = J. M. | last5 = Gillespie | first5 = G. Y. | title = Targeting pediatric cancer stem cells with oncolytic virotherapy | doi = 10.1038/pr.2011.58 | journal = Pediatric Research | volume = 71 | issue = 4–2 | pages = 500–510 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22430386 | pmc = 3607376}}

Diagnostic monoclonal antibodies have been generated against senecavirus.{{Cite journal | last1 = Yang | first1 = M. | last2 = Van Bruggen | first2 = R. | last3 = Xu | first3 = W. | doi = 10.1177/1040638711426323 | title = Generation and diagnostic application of monoclonal antibodies against Seneca Valley virus | journal = Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 42–50 | year = 2011 | pmid = 22362934 | pmc = | doi-access = free

While the sequence of SVV's protein-coding genome is most similar to members in the Cardiovirus genus, the non-coding RNA internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is most similar to those of the Pestivirus genus, including classical swine fever virus, and Hepacivirus genus, including Hepatitis C virus.{{Cite journal | last1 = Willcocks | first1 = M. M. | last2 = Locker | first2 = N. | last3 = Gomwalk | first3 = Z. | last4 = Royall | first4 = E. | last5 = Bakhshesh | first5 = M. | last6 = Belsham | first6 = G. J. | last7 = Idamakanti | first7 = N. | last8 = Burroughs | first8 = K. D. | last9 = Reddy | first9 = P. S. | last10 = Hallenbeck | doi = 10.1128/JVI.01107-10 | first10 = P. L. | last11 = Roberts | first11 = L. O. | title = Structural Features of the Seneca Valley Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) Element: A Picornavirus with a Pestivirus-Like IRES | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 85 | issue = 9 | pages = 4452–4461 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21325406 | pmc =3126232

The SVV IRES RNA shares similarities in sequence, structure, and function with the hepatitis C virus IRES. Subdomain IIa of the SVV and HCV IRES shares a similar structure and ligand-binding function as seen in its crystal structure. This subdomain IIa region is classified as a ligand-responsive RNA switch which adopts well-defined ligand-free and bound conformations without breaking or forming any base pairs in its secondary structure upon interconversion between the two states. This RNA switch from the SVV IRES has been incorporated into triangular RNA nanostructures.

Clinical trials

The initial isolate is being developed as an anti-cancer therapeutic by virtual company Neotropix, Inc. under the name NTX-010.

Phase I

  • Safety study of senecavirus in patients with solid tumors with neuroendocrine features. This study was published in 2011 and the data show that the virus was well tolerated by 30 patients and some signs of anti-tumour activity were observed. The data warranted further investigation of the virus in a phase II trial in small cell lung cancer.

Phase II

Virus replication

Senecavirus uses the anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1) protein as a receptor. A high-resolution structure of senecavirus with this receptor has been published.

References

References

  1. "Viral Zone". ExPASy.
  2. "Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
  3. National Cancer Institute [http://www.cancer.gov/Templates/drugdictionary.aspx?CdrID=488482 Definition of Seneca Valley virus-001]. ''[[National Cancer Institute]]'' Retrieved on 2008-10-09.
  4. (August 2010). "Initial testing of the replication competent Seneca Valley virus (NTX-010) by the pediatric preclinical testing program". Pediatr Blood Cancer.
  5. "Species List: ''Picornaviridae''". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
  6. (November 11, 2014). "Functional conservation despite structural divergence in ligand-responsive RNA switches". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
  7. (August 2015). "Ligand-responsive RNA mechanical switches". RNA Biology.
  8. (February 23, 2016). "Crystal-Structure-Guided Design of Self-Assembling RNA Nanotriangles". Angew Chem Int Ed Engl.
  9. (23 February 2010). "Safety Study of Seneca Valley Virus in Patients With Solid Tumors With Neuroendocrine Features".
  10. (February 15, 2011). "Phase I clinical study of Seneca Valley Virus (SVV-001), a replication-competent picornavirus, in advanced solid tumors with neuroendocrine features". Clinical Cancer Research.
  11. "Seneca Valley Virus-001 After Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer". clinicaltrials.gov.
  12. "Seneca Valley Virus-001 and Cyclophosphamide in Treating Young Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, or Rare Tumors With Neuroendocrine Features". clinicaltrials.gov.
  13. (1 August 2017). "Anthrax toxin receptor 1 is the cellular receptor for Seneca Valley virus.". The Journal of Clinical Investigation.
  14. (13 November 2018). "Structural basis for anthrax toxin receptor 1 recognition by Seneca Valley Virus.". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

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