Sciurini

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Tribe of rodents

title: "Sciurini" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["tree-squirrels", "mammal-tribes", "extant-eocene-first-appearances", "taxa-named-by-gotthelf-fischer-von-waldheim"] description: "Tribe of rodents" topic_path: "general/tree-squirrels" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciurini" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Tribe of rodents ::

| fossil_range = | image = Eastern Gray Squirrel 800.jpg | image_caption = Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) | taxon = Sciurini | authority = G. Fischer, 1817 | type_genus = Sciurus | type_genus_authority = Linnaeus, 1758 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision =

Sciurini () is a tribe that includes about forty species of squirrels, mostly from the Americas. It includes five living genera—the American dwarf squirrels, Microsciurus; the Bornean Rheithrosciurus; the widespread American and Eurasian tree squirrels of the genus Sciurus, which includes some of the best known squirrel species; the Central American Syntheosciurus; and the American pine squirrels, Tamiasciurus. Like other arboreal squirrels, they are sometimes referred to as tree squirrels.

Taxonomy

The name "Sciurini" was first employed by Hermann Burmeister in 1854, who used it for the entire squirrel family. In his influential 1945 classification of mammals, George Gaylord Simpson included four genera of squirrels in Sciurini, which he recognized as one of eight tribes within the subfamily Sciurinae (including all squirrels except the flying squirrels): Sciurus, Syntheosciurus, Microsciurus, and Sciurillus. He also classified Rheithrosciurus as "?Sciurini incertae sedis" (of uncertain placement). This grouping derives from Reginald Innes Pocock, who united these squirrels in 1923 as the subfamily Sciurinae.

In 1959, Joseph Curtis Moore published a review of the interrelationships of the squirrels. His definition of Sciurini was similar to Simpson's, but he no longer considered Rheithrosciurus to be incertae sedis. He noted that the members of Sciurini were united only by the possession of a special type of baculum (penis bone). He also divided the tribe into subtribes, producing the following classification:

In their 1997 update to Simpson's classification, McKenna and Bell retained a similar definition for Sciurini, but also included several extinct genera, as follows:

The same studies also provided insights into the interrelationships of genera within Sciurini. Microsciurus, Syntheosciurus, and Rheithrosciurus all appear among the various species of Sciurus included, making the latter genus paraphyletic; additionally, the two species of Microsciurus included in Mercer and Roth's 2003 study did not cluster with each other. In a 2008 monograph on Brazilian rodents, Bonvicino and others considered Guerlinguetus and Urosciurus, conventionally placed in Sciurus, as separate genera.

Fossil history

Douglassciurus, a fossil from the late Eocene (about 36 million years ago) of Wyoming, Montana, and Saskatchewan, is so similar to living Sciurus that the latter has been considered a living fossil. but some exclude this animal from the squirrel family because of several primitive characters. Emry and Korth, who re-described the animal in 1996, classified it within Sciurini and speculated that other squirrels may have evolved from animals similar to Sciurini squirrels. The Oligocene to early Miocene North American genera Protosciurus and Miosciurus are classified in Sciurini and may have given rise to the earliest known member of Sciurus, S. olsoni from the early late Miocene (about 10 million years ago) of Nevada. In Europe, Sciurus first appears early in the Pliocene. The 2005 discovery of S. olsoni provided evidence that the origin of the Sciurini lies in North America.

A Miocene squirrel from France and Spain, Freudenthalia, has been tentatively placed in Sciurini. Plesiosciurus from the Miocene of China has been interpreted as a member of Sciurini, but is unlikely to belong to the tribe.

Footnotes

References

Literature cited

References

  1. Thorington and Hoffmann, 2005, p. 754
  2. Thorington and Ferrell, 2006, p. 18
  3. Burmeister, 1854, p. 145; McKenna and Bell, 1997, p. 122
  4. Simpson, 1945, p. 78
  5. Moore, 1959, p. 177
  6. Moore, 1959, pp. 177–178
  7. Moore, 1959, pp. 177–180
  8. Thorington and Hoffmann, 2005, p. 758
  9. McKenna and Bell, 1997, p. 122
  10. Emry and Korth, 2001
  11. Mercer and Roth, 2003; Steppan et al., 2004
  12. The authors of the 2004 study formalized these results into a revised classification of squirrels. They removed ''Sciurillus'' from Sciurini, placed ''Tamiasciurus'' in it, and classified Sciurini with the flying squirrels (tribe Pteromyini) in a subfamily Sciurinae.Steppan et al., 2004, p. 715
  13. Bonvicino et al., 2008, pp. 15–16, 18
  14. Mercer and Roth, 2003, p. 1569; Emry and Korth, 1996, p. 775
  15. Thorington and Ferrell, 2006, p. 23
  16. Emry and Korth, 1996, p. 775
  17. Emry and Korth, 1996, p. 778
  18. Emry et al., 2005, p. 235
  19. Cuenca Bescós, 1988, p. 92; Aguilar, 2002, p. 388
  20. Emry et al., 2005, p. 228

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