Satanoperca

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Genus of fishes

title: "Satanoperca" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["geophagini", "cichlid-fish-of-south-america", "taxa-named-by-albert-günther", "cichlid-genera"] description: "Genus of fishes" topic_path: "general/geophagini" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satanoperca" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of fishes ::

| image = Fish Georgia aquarium - 37529483172 (cropped).jpg | image_caption = S. daemon | taxon = Satanoperca | display_parents = 3 | authority = Günther, 1862 | type_species = Geophagus daemon | type_species_authority = Heckel, 1840

Satanoperca is a small genus of cichlids from South America, where they are known from the Orinoco, Essequibo, Nickerie, Amazon and Paraná–Paraguay river basins. They are mainly found in areas with slow-moving waters, but some species have also been recorded from rapids.

They are part of a group popularly known as eartheaters and feed by picking up mouthfuls of sand to sift out food items such as invertebrates, plant material and detritus (the only exception is mid-water feeding S. acuticeps). They often feed in small groups and one individual may act as a watchman, which will charge an approaching piranha with its mouth open and fins erected. The Satanoperca in the group take turn acting as watchman.

Satanoperca are up to 25.5 cm in standard length, but the smallest species reach less than that size. The species fall into two or three main groups: The S. daemon group (including S. lilith) are relatively large, and have a distinct dark spot on the tail and one or two dark spots on the side of the body. S. acuticeps is rather similar and variably placed in its own group or included in the S. daemon group, but it has three dark spots on the body and a differently shaped mouth. The remaining species are part of the S. jurupari group, which may have a small tail-spot and may have a poorly defined pattern of dark bands or blotches on the body, but always lack distinct dark spots on the body.

Species

There are currently 10 recognized species in this genus. Additionally, several undescribed species are known.

References

References

  1. {{Cof genus
  2. (12 January 2022). "Satanoperca setepele Ota, Deprá, Kullander, Graça & Pavanelli 2022". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database: Name of the Week.
  3. {{FishBase genus. (2019)
  4. (January 1988). "A new ''Satanoperca'' species (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the Amazon River basin in Brazil". Cybium.
  5. Kullander, S.O.. (2012). "A taxonomic review of Satanoperca (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from French Guiana, South America, with description of a new species". Cybium.
  6. (17 December 2021). "Satanoperca curupira, a new cichlid species from the rio Madeira basin in Brazil (Teleostei: Cichlidae)". Neotropical Ichthyology.
  7. (25 December 2018). "Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas". Princeton University Press.
  8. (2 March 2012). "Species-level phylogeny of 'Satan's perches' based on discordant gene trees (Teleostei: Cichlidae: ''Satanoperca'' Günther 1862)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.

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geophaginicichlid-fish-of-south-americataxa-named-by-albert-günthercichlid-genera