Sarcogyne

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Genus of lichens

title: "Sarcogyne" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["acarosporales", "lecanoromycetes-genera", "lichen-genera", "taxa-named-by-julius-von-flotow", "taxa-described-in-1850"] description: "Genus of lichens" topic_path: "general/acarosporales" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcogyne" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of lichens ::

| image = Sarcogyne_regularis_(EU).jpg | image_caption =Sarcogyne regularis (parasitized) | taxon = Sarcogyne | authority = Flot. (1850) | type_species = Sarcogyne clavus, typ. cons. prop. | type_species_authority = (DC.) Kremp. (1861) | synonyms_ref = | synonyms = *Cathisinia Stirt. (1888)

Sarcogyne is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Acarosporaceae. It was circumscribed by German botanist Julius von Flotow in 1850. A proposal has been put forth in 2021 to assign Sarcogyne clavus as the type species of the genus, "as it represents the original concept of Sarcogyne as having melanized lecideine apothecia without algae in the margin".

Description

Genus Sarcogyne includes lichens with a crust-like (crustose) thallus that can be cracked into small, island-like sections called , which are either broadly attached or have a thick fungal base. Sometimes, the thallus is , meaning it has small, scale-like structures with a stalk less than half the width of the scale.

The upper surface, or , of these lichens can vary from absent to quite thick and often gives the lichen a shiny appearance, especially in species found in dry or hot habitats. This shiny layer is particularly common in xerothermic or arid environments. The cortex, which forms the outer layer of the thallus, consists of fungal threads (hyphae) and/or round or irregular cells. The upper part of the cortex is pigmented, while the lower part is colourless and sometimes contains crystal formations visible under polarized light. These crystals can come from the lichen's own secondary metabolites or from the it grows on, especially if it is limestone.

The upper surface of Sarcogyne lichens is typically smooth or slightly wrinkled, and usually ranges in colour from pale to reddish-brown to black-brown, and occasionally rust-coloured. Some species may have a powdery coating (). Cracks often form in the thallus, leading to the lichen's replication through division. The photosynthetic partner () in these lichens is of the type, forming a continuous or occasionally interrupted under the surface.

The lower cortex can be either present or absent. The fruiting bodies (ascomata) of Sarcogyne are typically apothecia, which are disk-shaped structures that can be immersed in the thallus or elevated. These can appear (with a margin that looks like the thallus) or (with a distinct margin). The disk is usually red-brown to black-brown, smooth or wrinkled, sometimes with a powdery coating or pigment build-ups.

Inside the apothecia, the consists of numerous thin to stout, often branched filaments (paraphyses). The asci, which produce spores, typically contain over 100 spores and are club-shaped. The spores are usually spherical to ellipsoidal, colourless, and generally small, not exceeding 6 μm in length, except for Sarcogyne macrocarpa.

Sarcogyne lichens also produce conidiomata (pycnidia), which are small, immersed structures that produce asexual spores. The conidia are small and ellipsoidal to roughly spherical in shape. Chemically, Sarcogyne species often do not produce lichen products detectable by thin-layer chromatography , but may rarely contain gyrophoric or norstictic acid, which can usually be detected with spot tests.

Species

, Species Fungorum accepts 26 species of Sarcogyne.

Gallery

Image:Sarcogyne_regularis_(EU1).jpg|Sarcogyne regularis (section of apothecium; reddish part parasitized, hyaline normal)

References

References

  1. Source dataset. [[Species Fungorum]] Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. "''Sarcogyne''". [[Catalogue of Life]] Version 2021-10-18.
  2. "Synonymy: ''Sarcogyne'' Flot.". Species Fungorum. CAB International.
  3. (2009). "''Sarcogyne magnispora'' (Acarosporaceae), a new species in the ''nivea'' group from Turkey". Mycotaxon.
  4. (2007). "Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region". Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University.
  5. (2010). "Lichenological notes 1: Acarosporaceae". Mycotaxon.
  6. (2012). "A contribution to the study of Acarosporaceae in South America". The Lichenologist.
  7. (2013). "''Sarcogyne mitziae'' (Acarosporaceae), a new species from biotic soil crusts in western North America". The Bryologist.
  8. (2013). "A new squamulose ''Sarcogyne'' from Oregon". North American Flora.
  9. (2016). "Two new species of Acarosporaceae from North America with carbonized epihymenial accretions". The Lichenologist.
  10. (2018). "''Sarcogyne praetermissa'' (Acarosporaceae), a new calcicolous lichen species from Europe, with a key to the European ''Sarcogyne'' species". Herzogia.
  11. (2020). "''Acarospora scottii'' and ''Sarcogyne paradoxa'' spp. nov. from North America". Mycotaxon.
  12. (2020). "The monophyletic ''Sarcogyne canadensis''–''wheeleri'' clade, a newly recognized group sister to the European ''Acarospora glaucocarpa'' group". The Bryologist.
  13. (2021). "(2834) Proposal to conserve the name ''Sarcogyne'' ( Acarosporaceae , lichenised Ascomycota ) with a conserved type". Taxon.
  14. (2021). "Acarosporales: Acarosporaceae, including the genera ''Acarospora'', ''Caeruleum'', ''Myriospora'', ''Pleopsidium'', ''Sarcogyne'' and ''Trimmatothelopsis''".
  15. (2018). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 7". Acta Botanica Hungarica.
  16. Magnusson, A.H.. (1934). "On the species of ''Biatorella'' and ''Sarcogyne'' in America". Annales Cryptogamici Exotici.
  17. (2013). "Two new species of ''Sarcogyne'' (lichenised Ascomycota, Acarosporaceae) from central and southern Australia". Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.
  18. (2014). "Two new lichens from Mount Canobolas, New South Wales". Telopea.
  19. (2017). "Two new species and a new record of Acarosporaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) from eastern Australia". Australasian Lichenology.
  20. (2017). "Five new lichen species (Ascomycota) and a new record from southern New South Wales, Australia". Telopea.
  21. (2017). "Three new species of ''Sarcogyne'' (Acarosporaceae) from the Australian Capital Territory". Australasian Lichenology.
  22. (2016). "''Sarcogyne saphyniana'' sp. nov., a saxicolous lichen from northwestern China". Mycotaxon.
  23. (2015). "''Sarcogyne endopetrophila'' (Acarosporaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), a new species from Japan". Journal of Japanese Botany.
  24. (2016). "A new lichenized fungus ''Sarcogyne parviascifera'' (Acarosporaceae, Ascomycota)". Mycosystema.
  25. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere.

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acarosporaleslecanoromycetes-generalichen-generataxa-named-by-julius-von-flotowtaxa-described-in-1850