Runcaria
Extinct genus of Devonian plants
title: "Runcaria" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["middle-devonian-plants", "transitional-fossils", "monotypic-plant-genera", "prehistoric-plant-genera"] description: "Extinct genus of Devonian plants" topic_path: "general/middle-devonian-plants" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runcaria" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Extinct genus of Devonian plants ::
| fossil_range = | image_alt= | image = Runcaria megasporangium and cupule drawing.jpg | image_caption = Runcaria appears to be a transitional fossil precursor of seed plants | image_upright = 0.5 | genus = Runcaria | species = heinzelinii | parent_authority = Stockmans | authority = Stockmans | range_map = | range_map_caption = | synonyms_ref = | synonyms =
Runcaria heinzelinii is an extinct species of plant from the Middle Devonian of Belgium. It is the only species classified under the genus Runcaria, named after Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt. It was a precursor to seed plants, predating the earliest of the latter by about 20 million years. The fossil pieces of Runcaria heinzelinii that have been found are short branched stems that at their tips have a radially symmetrical megasporangium surrounded by a cupule. The megasporangium has a multilobed integument, and there is an extension on the megasporangium that suggests an adaptation to wind pollination. Thus, this fossil plant has all of the qualities of seed plants except for a solid seed coat and a system to guide the pollen to the ovulum. It sheds new light on how the seed may have evolved.
References
References
- (2005). "The significance of ''Runcaria'' (Middle Devonian, Belgium) in the evolution of seed plants". Carnets de Géologie.
- P. Gerrienne. (2004). "''Runcaria'', a Middle Devonian Seed Plant Precursor". Science Magazine.
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