Rivne

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City and administrative center of Rivne Oblast, Ukraine

title: "Rivne" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["rivne", "cities-in-rivne-oblast", "historic-jewish-communities-in-ukraine", "cities-of-regional-significance-in-ukraine", "holocaust-locations-in-ukraine", "oblast-centers-in-ukraine"] description: "City and administrative center of Rivne Oblast, Ukraine" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivne" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary City and administrative center of Rivne Oblast, Ukraine ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameRivne
native_nameРівне
settlement_typeCity
image_skyline{{multiple image
borderinfobox
total_width270
image_styleborder:1;
perrow1/2/2
image1Рівне.Костел..jpgChurch of St. Anthony of Padua (now House of Organ Music)
image219 Drahomanova Street, Rivne P1080168 Будинок гімназії.jpgMuseum
image3Національний університет водного господарства та природокористування (навчальний корпус № 7) Фасад.JPGNational University of Water Management and Natural Resources
image4Рівненський обласний академічний український музично-драматичний театр P1570524.jpgMusic and Drama Theater
image5Sobór Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Równem (Панорама-1).jpgResurrection Cathedral
image_caption
image_flagFlag of Rivne.svg
image_blank_emblemЛоготип міста Рівне.svg
blank_emblem_typeBrandmark
image_shieldCoat of arms Rivne.svg
pushpin_mapUkraine Rivne Oblast#Ukraine
pushpin_labelRivne
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_name
subdivision_type1Oblast
subdivision_name1Rivne Oblast
subdivision_type2Raion
subdivision_name2Rivne Raion
subdivision_type3Hromada
subdivision_name3Rivne urban hromada
p2
leader_titleMayor
leader_name
leader_partyEuropean Solidarity
established_titleFirst mentioned
established_date1283
area_total_km258.00
population_as_of2022
population_total243873
population_density_km2auto
timezoneCET
utc_offset+2
timezone_DSTCEST
utc_offset_DST+3
coordinates
website
::

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Rivne ( ; , ; Polish: Równe) is a city in western Ukraine. The city is the administrative center of Rivne Oblast (province), as well as the Rivne Raion (district) within the oblast. It has a population of

In the spring of 1919, it also served as a provisional seat of the Ukrainian government throughout the ongoing war with Soviet Russia. Between World War I and World War II, the city was located in Poland as a district-level (county) seat in Wolyn Voivodeship. At the start of World War II in 1939, Rivne was occupied by the Soviet Red Army and received its current status by becoming a seat of regional government of the Rivne Oblast which was created out of the eastern portion of the voivodeship. During the German occupation of 1941–44 the city was designated as a capital of German Ukraine (Reichskommissariat Ukraine).

Rivne is an important transportation hub, with the international Rivne Airport, and rail links to Zdolbuniv, Sarny, and Kovel, as well as highways linking it with Brest, Kyiv and Lviv. Among other leading companies there is a chemical factory of Rivne-Azot (part of Ostchem Holding).

Names

  • , also the former spelling in Ukrainian until 1991

History

Middle Ages

Rivne was first mentioned in 1283 in the Polish annals Rocznik kapituły krakowskiej as one of the inhabited places of Halych-Volhynia near which Leszek II the Black was victorious over a part of the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army. Following the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia's partition after Galicia–Volhynia Wars in the late 14th century, it was under the rule of Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in 1434 the Grand Duke of Lithuania Švitrigaila awarded the settlement to a Lutsk nobleman Dychko. In 1461 Dychko sold his settlement to Prince Semen Nesvizh. In 1479 Semen Nesvizh died and his settlement was passed to his wife Maria who started to call herself princess of Rivne. She turned the settlement into a princely residence by building in 1481 a castle on one of local river islands and managed to obtain Magdeburg rights for the settlement in 1492 from the King of Poland Casimir IV Jagiellon. Following her death in 1518, the city was passed on to the princes of Ostrog and declined by losing its status as a princely residency.

In 1566 the town of Rivne became part of newly established Volhynian Voivodeship. Following the Union of Lublin in 1569, it was transferred from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the Kingdom of Poland. The city had a status of a private town held by nobles (Ostrogski and Lubomirski families). Following the Second Partition of Poland in 1795 Rivne became a part of the Russian Empire, and in 1797 it was declared to be a county level (uyezd) town of the Volhynian Governorate.

World War I

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Zamek_ks._Ludomirskich,_Równe.jpg" caption="Lubomirski Palace, 1945"] ::

During World War I and the period of chaos shortly after, it was briefly under German, Ukrainian, Bolshevik, and Polish rule. During April–May 1919 Rivne served as the temporary capital of the Ukrainian People's Republic. In late April 1919 one of the Ukrainian military leaders Volodymyr Oskilko attempted to organize a coup-d'état against the Directorate led by Symon Petliura and the cabinet of Borys Martos and replace them with Yevhen Petrushevych as president of Ukraine. In Rivne, Oskilko managed to arrest most of the cabinet ministers including Martos himself, but Petliura at that time was in neighboring Zdolbuniv and managed to stop Oskilko's efforts. At the conclusion of the conflict, in accordance with the Riga Peace Treaty of 1921, it became a part of the Polish Volhynian Voivodeship, a situation which would last until the Second World War. Before World War II, Rivne (Równe) was a mainly Jewish-Polish city (Jews constituted about 50% of the city's population, and Poles 35%).

World War II

In 1939, as a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and the partition of Poland, Rivne was occupied by the Soviet Union. Starting December of that year Rivne became the center of the newly established Rivne Oblast in the Ukrainian SSR.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Równe.Panorama_jednej_z_ulic_miasta(2-1881).jpg" caption="Równe in 1941"] ::

On 28 June 1941 Rivne was invaded by the 6th army of Nazi Germany. On 20 August, the Nazis declared it the administrative center of Reichskommissariat Ukraine. A Gestapo prison opened on Belaia Street. Roughly half of Rivne's inhabitants were Jewish.

On 6–8 November, 17,500 Jewish adults from Rivne were shot to death or thrown alive into a large pit in a pine grove in Sosenki, a nearby wooded area (sometimes referred to as Sosenki Forest), and 6,000 Jewish children suffered the same fate at a nearby site. From 8–13 November German actor Olaf Bach was flown to the city to perform for the German forces. The city's remaining Jews were sent to Rivne Ghetto. In July 1942, they were sent 70 km north to Kostopil and shot to death.

On 2 February 1944, the city was captured by the Red Army in the Battle of Rivne, and remained under Soviet control until Ukraine regained its independence on the break-up of the USSR in 1991. Poles from Rivne were deported to Poland's new borders after 1945.

Post-war era

In 1958, a TV tower began broadcasting in the city; in 1969, the first trolley ran through the city; in 1969, Rivne airport opened. In 1983, the city celebrated its 700th anniversary.

On 11 June 1991, the Ukrainian parliament officially renamed the city Rivne according to the rules of Ukrainian orthography. It had previously been known as Rovno.

Russo-Ukrainian War

On 14 March 2022, Rivne TV Tower experienced heavy missile attack by Russian troops. The tower was damaged and an administrative room was destroyed. As a result of attack 20 people were killed and nine injured.

Population

Ethnic groups

Distribution of the population by ethnicity according to the 2001 Ukrainian census:{{bar box|title=Ethnic groups in Rivne|titlebar=#ddd|left1=|right1=percent|bars=

Language

Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census: ::data[format=table]

LanguageNumberPercentage
Ukrainian225 89992.08%
Russian18 3467.48%
Other or undecided1 0780.44%
Total245 323100.00%
::

According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute in April–May 2023, 96% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 3% spoke Russian.

Geography

Climate

Rivne has a moderate continental climate with cold, snowy winters and warm summers. Snow cover usually lasts from November until March. The average annual precipitation is 598 mm June and July being the wettest months and January and February the driest. |location=Rivne, Ukraine (1991–2020, extremes 1951–present) |metric first=Yes |single line=Yes |Jan record high C=13.9 |Feb record high C=16.7 |Mar record high C=26.2 |Apr record high C=30.5 |May record high C=33.0 |Jun record high C=34.2 |Jul record high C=35.3 |Aug record high C=37.0 |Sep record high C=36.4 |Oct record high C=26.2 |Nov record high C=21.2 |Dec record high C=14.5 |year record high C=37.0 |Jan high C=-0.9 |Feb high C=0.7 |Mar high C=6.2 |Apr high C=14.5 |May high C=20.3 |Jun high C=23.4 |Jul high C=25.3 |Aug high C=25.0 |Sep high C=19.3 |Oct high C=12.7 |Nov high C=5.6 |Dec high C=0.5 |year high C=12.7 |Jan mean C=-3.4 |Feb mean C=-2.4 |Mar mean C=1.9 |Apr mean C=9.0 |May mean C=14.4 |Jun mean C=17.8 |Jul mean C=19.5 |Aug mean C=18.9 |Sep mean C=13.7 |Oct mean C=8.1 |Nov mean C=2.7 |Dec mean C=-1.8 |year mean C=8.2 |Jan low C=-5.9 |Feb low C=-5.2 |Mar low C=-1.8 |Apr low C=3.7 |May low C=8.9 |Jun low C=12.3 |Jul low C=14.0 |Aug low C=13.1 |Sep low C=8.7 |Oct low C=4.2 |Nov low C=0.2 |Dec low C=-4.1 |year low C=4.0 |Jan record low C=-34.5 |Feb record low C=-32.6 |Mar record low C=-26.3 |Apr record low C=-11.5 |May record low C=-3.8 |Jun record low C=2.0 |Jul record low C=5.7 |Aug record low C=1.8 |Sep record low C=-3.5 |Oct record low C=-10.0 |Nov record low C=-20.1 |Dec record low C=-26.1 |year record low C=-34.5 |precipitation colour=green |Jan precipitation mm=32 |Feb precipitation mm=31 |Mar precipitation mm=35 |Apr precipitation mm=38 |May precipitation mm=66 |Jun precipitation mm=75 |Jul precipitation mm=94 |Aug precipitation mm=58 |Sep precipitation mm=58 |Oct precipitation mm=45 |Nov precipitation mm=36 |Dec precipitation mm=41 |year precipitation mm=601 |Jan snow depth cm=6 |Feb snow depth cm=7 |Mar snow depth cm=5 |Apr snow depth cm=0 |May snow depth cm=0 |Jun snow depth cm=0 |Jul snow depth cm=0 |Aug snow depth cm=0 |Sep snow depth cm=0 |Oct snow depth cm=0 |Nov snow depth cm=1 |Dec snow depth cm=4 |year snow depth cm=7 |Jan humidity=86.9 |Feb humidity=84.6 |Mar humidity=77.8 |Apr humidity=67.2 |May humidity=68.3 |Jun humidity=71.5 |Jul humidity=73.5 |Aug humidity=71.3 |Sep humidity=76.7 |Oct humidity=81.2 |Nov humidity=87.2 |Dec humidity=88.6 |year humidity=77.9 |Jan rain days=8 |Feb rain days=7 |Mar rain days=10 |Apr rain days=13 |May rain days=15 |Jun rain days=17 |Jul rain days=16 |Aug rain days=12 |Sep rain days=15 |Oct rain days=13 |Nov rain days=12 |Dec rain days=11 |year rain days=149 |Jan snow days=17 |Feb snow days=17 |Mar snow days=10 |Apr snow days=3 |May snow days=0.2 |Jun snow days=0 |Jul snow days=0 |Aug snow days=0 |Sep snow days=0.03 |Oct snow days=1 |Nov snow days=8 |Dec snow days=15 |year snow days=71 |source 1=Pogoda.ru |source 2=NOAA (humidity 1991–2020) |date=January 2013

Industry

During Soviet times the provincial town was transformed into an industrial center of the republic. There were two significant factories built. The first was a machine building and metal processing factory capable of producing high-voltage apparatus, tractor spare parts and others. The other was a chemical factory and synthetic materials fabrication plant. Light industry, including a linen plant and a textile mill, as well as food industries, including milk and meat processing plants and a vegetable preservation plant, have also been built. In addition the city became a production center for furniture and other building materials.

Landmarks

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Ровно._Покровский_собор..JPG" caption="Cathedral of the Intercession"] ::

As an important cultural center, Rivne hosts a humanities and a hydro-engineering university, as well as a faculty of the Kyiv State Institute of Culture, and medical and musical as well as automobile-construction, commercial, textile, agricultural and cooperative polytechnic colleges. The city has a historical museum.

Following the fall of the Soviet Union, the monument for the Soviet hero Dmitry Medvedev was removed, and the Nikolai Kuznetsov monument was moved to another location within the city. Instead, in order to reflect the controversial history of the region the monuments for "People who died in the honor of Ukraine", and "Soldiers who died in local military battles" were installed.

Buildings

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Успенська_церква_Рівне.jpg" caption="Church of the Assumption"] ::

  • Church of the Assumption (1756)
  • Cathedral of the Intercession (2001)
  • Cathedral of the Ascension (1890)
  • A classicism-style gymnasium building (1839)
  • During Soviet times the center of the city from Lenin street to Peace Avenue (1963 architects R.D. Vais and O.I. Filipchuk) was completely rebuilt with Administrative and Public buildings in neo-classical, Stalinist style.

Memorials

The following memorials are found in Rivne:

  • Monument to the 25th Anniversary of the Liberation of Rivne from the Fascists, Mlynivs'ke Highway
  • Monument to the Victims of Fascism, Bila Street Square (1968, by A.I. Pirozhenko and B.V. Rychkov, architect-V.M.Gerasimenko)
  • Bust on the Tomb of Partisan M. Strutyns'ka and Relief on the Tomb of Citizens S. Yelentsia and S. Kotiyevs'koho, Kniazia Volodymyra Street, Hrabnyk Cemetery
  • Monument to the Perished of Ukraine, Magdeburz'koho Prava Plaza
  • Communal Grave of Warriors, Soborna Street[[File:Меморіальне кладовище радянських воїнів та партизан, м Рівне, Україна 01.jpg|thumb|Memorial to Warriors' Glory, Dubenska Street, Rivne Military Cemetery]]
  • Monument of Eternal Glory, Kyivs'ka Street
  • Monument to Taras Shevchenko, T.G. Shevchenko Park; Statue on Nezalezhnosti Plaza
  • Memorial to Warriors' Glory, Dubens'ka Street, Rivne Military Cemetery (1975, by M.L. Farina, architect-N.A. Dolgansky)
  • Monument to the Warrior and the Partisan, Peremohy Plaza (1948 by I.Ya. Matveenko)
  • Monument to Colonel Klym Savura, Commander of the Ukrainian People's Army, Soborna Street
  • Monument to Symon Petliura, Symon Petliura Street
  • Monument to N.I. Kuznetsov (bronze and granite, 1961 by V.P Vinaikin)
  • In 1992, a 20000 m2 memorial complex was established at the site of the World War II massacre to commemorate the 17,500 Jews murdered there in November 1941 during the Holocaust, marking the mass grave with an obelisk inscribed in Yiddish, Hebrew and Ukrainian. On 6 June 2012, the World War II Jewish burial site was vandalised, as part of an antisemitic attack.
  • Monument to the victims of the Chernobyl disaster, Simon Petliura Street
  • Statue and Plaza dedicated to Maria Rivnens'ka, Soborna Street

Popular culture references

  • In his memoir A Tale of Love and Darkness, Israeli author Amos Oz describes Rivne through the memories of his mother and her family, who grew up in the city before emigrating to Israel in the 1930s.
  • Rivne was mentioned several times in The Tale of the Nightly Neighbors, a 1992 episode of the Canadian-American TV show Are You Afraid of the Dark?, being referred to by a variation of its pre-1991 name (either Ravno or Rovno).
  • In Leonard Bernstein's operetta Candide, the character of The Old Lady sings an aria "I am easily assimilated", in which she refers to her father having been born in Rovno Gubernya

Sport

Rugby

Speedway

The Rivne Speedway Stadium hosts the speedway club Rivne Speedway.

The stadium opened on 24 May 1959. The venue has hosted significant speedway events including a qualifying round of the Speedway World Championship in 1962. and 1991.

Notable people

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Leonard_Bernstein_by_Jack_Mitchell_(high_quality).jpg" caption="[[Leonard Bernstein]], 1977"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Anna_Walentynowicz_with_Paula_Dobriansky_cropped.jpg" caption="[[Anna Walentynowicz]], 2005"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/March_of_Ukraine's_Defenders_in_Kiev,2019.08.24-_36crop.jpg" caption="[[Yana Zinkevych]], 2019"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Yuriy_Lutsenko_2018_Vadim_Chuprina.jpg" caption="[[Yuriy Lutsenko]], 2018"] ::

Sport

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Rivne is twinned with:

Gallery

File:Prospekt Miru-Rivne.jpg|Prospect Myru (Peace Avenue) File:Soborna Street in Rivne.jpg|Soborna (Cathedral) Street File:Maidan Nezalezhnosti-Rivne.jpg|Independence square with cinema and statue of Taras Shevchenko File:Railway Station-Rivne.JPG|Railway terminal File:Костёл Петра и Павла, фасад.JPG|Saint Peter and Paul church File:Ровно. Свято-Николаевский монастырь..JPG|Saint Nicholas Monastery

Notes

References

Maps

References

  1. [https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/young-ukrainian-mayor-offers-hope-of-a-new-politics/ Young Ukrainian mayor offers hope of a new politics] {{Webarchive. link. (2021-03-24 UkraineAlert by [[Brian Mefford]], [[Atlantic Council]] (22 March 2021))
  2. [http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1183-XII On bringing the name of Rovno city and Rovno Oblast in accordance to rules of Ukrainian spelling] {{Webarchive. link. (2015-10-05 . [[Ukrainian parliament]]. 11 June 1991)
  3. "Про приведення назви міста Ровно і Ровенської області у відповідність до правил українського правопису".
  4. link. (2018-05-22 ''. ''Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine''.)
  5. [http://ukraine-in.ua/ua/istoriya-gorodov-ukrainy/istoriya-rovno History of Rivne (Історія Рівне)] {{Webarchive. link. (2018-05-22 . Ukraine-in portal.)
  6. Burds, Jeffrey. (2013). "Holocaust in Rovno: The Massacre at Sosenki Forest, November 1941".
  7. [https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/europe/2020-10-22/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/this-ukrainian-city-was-once-home-to-a-vibrant-jewish-community/0000017f-f50a-d47e-a37f-fd3e39c70000 This Ukrainian City Was Once Home to a Vibrant Jewish Community. Now Its Grand Synagogue Is a Sports Hall], [[Haaretz]]
  8. "Атака на телевежу Рівненщини: підтверджено вже 20 загиблих, можливо, є шанси врятувати ще одну людину, - голова ОВА".
  9. "Удар по телевежі на Рівненщині: кількість загиблих зросла до 19".
  10. "Number of victims of missile strike on Rivne's TV tower grown to 19, removal of rubble continues – local authorities".
  11. "Cities & Towns of Ukraine".
  12. "Національний склад міст".
  13. "Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України".
  14. "Municipal Survey 2023".
  15. "Rivne, Ukraine Climate Data". Climatebase.
  16. link. Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
  17. "Rivne Climate Normals 1991–2020". [[National Centers for Environmental Information]].
  18. {{in lang. uk Рівне, план міста, 1:12000. Міста України. Картографія.
  19. "Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Rivne". Stiftung Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas.
  20. (7 June 2012). "В Ривне вандалы осквернили место массового расстрела евреев.". MIG news.com.ua.
  21. Oz, Amos, 2004, ''[[A Tale of Love and Darkness]]'', pp. 132-190.
  22. "Speedway Club".
  23. "Speedway Veterans Open Cup".
  24. "ROVNO - Ukraine".
  25. "1962 World Championship".
  26. "1962 World Championship".
  27. "European Pros - Artem Kachanovskyi".
  28. "European Go Journal".
  29. [http://www.oblgazeta.ru/culture/13950/ Артист Ярослав Евдокимов рассказал «ОГ» о своих корнях] {{Webarchive. link. (2015-05-03 [[Областная газета]], 12 ноября 2013)
  30. (4 March 2022). "Federal Way welcomes Rivne, Ukraine as sister city".

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