Raukaua

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Genus of flowering plants

title: "Raukaua" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["raukaua", "apiales-genera", "taxa-named-by-berthold-carl-seemann"] description: "Genus of flowering plants" topic_path: "general/raukaua" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raukaua" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of flowering plants ::

|image = Raukaua laetevirens.JPG |image_caption = Raukaua laetevirens |taxon = Raukaua |authority = Seem. |type_species = Raukaua edgerleyi |type_species_authority = (Hook.f.) Seem. |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision =

Raukaua is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae. It has an austral distribution, being indigenous to southern Argentina and Chile, as well as New Zealand and the island of Tasmania.

Raukaua is a genus of woody plants. They vary in habit: for example R. laetevirens is a small tree, while R. valdiviensis is a liana. Like most of Araliaceae, they have palmately compound leaves. The leaves are heteroblastic, that is, conspicuously different in form from juvenile to adult. R. simplex often produces root suckers and on these, the further the sucker is from the main shoot, the more juvenile the form of the leaves.

The Māori extracted an aromatic oil from the leaves of R. edgerleyi. The essential oils of the New Zealand species have been the subject of a phytochemical analysis.

All of the species of Raukaua have been placed in Pseudopanax at one time or another, and sometimes in other genera as well. Molecular phylogenetic comparisons of DNA sequences have shown that Raukaua is closely related to Schefflera sensu strictissimo, Cheirodendron, Motherwellia, and Cephalaralia (not Cephalaria!). It might not be as close to Pseudopanax as was once believed.

Raukaua is known to be polyphyletic and will eventually be revised,

The type species for Raukaua is Raukaua edgerleyi.

Species and hybrids

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History

The genus Raukaua was erected by Berthold Carl Seemann in 1866 in Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. The genus name is a Latinization of Raukawa, the Māori name for Raukaua edgerleyi. Upon publication, the name was misspelled as Raukana, complicating issues of priority and valid publication, but Seeman published a correction in 1868 that read "Raukaua, Seem., read always Raukaua.".

Subsequently, most authors did not recognize Seemann's genus, and they usually placed its species in other genera, usually Pseudopanax. In cases where Raukaua was accepted, it usually included only the New Zealand species.

Raukaua was last revised in 1997, in the New Zealand Journal of Botany. The status of the two hybrids was clarified in 1998. In 2003, a checklist and nomenclator was published for Araliaceae.

Phylogenetic studies of Araliaceae have indicated that Raukaua might be paraphyletic or polyphyletic. The polyphyly of Raukaua was confirmed and clarified in 2012, in a molecular phylogenetic study. Cheirodendron is endemic to Hawaii. The South American species are sister to a clade comprising the Tasmanian R. gunnii and the monospecific mainland Australian genera Cephalaralia and Motherwellia. R. gunnii is sister to the clade [Cephalaralia + Motherwellia].

References

References

  1. David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. {{ISBN. 978-0-521-82071-4. (See ''External links'' below).
  2. Roderick J. Weston. 2004. Essential Oils of the Leaves of the ''Raukaua'' Genus (Araliaceae). ''Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung''. Tubingen-Mainz, Series C (A Journal of Biosciences) volume 59,pages 35-38. (See ''External links'' below).
  3. David G. Frodin and Rafaël Govaerts. 2003. ''World Checklist and Bibliography of Araliaceae''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. {{ISBN. 978-1-84246-048-1. (See ''External links'' below).
  4. Anthony D. Mitchell, Rong Li, Joseph W. Brown, Ines Schönberger, and Jun Wen. 2012. Ancient divergence and biogeography of ''Raukaua'' (Araliaceae) and close relatives in the southern hemisphere. ''Australian Systematic Botany'' 25(6):432-446. {{doi. 10.1071/SB12020. (See ''External links'' below).
  5. Antoine N. Nicolas and Gregory M. Plunkett. 2009. The demise of subfamily Hydrocotyloideae (Apiaceae) and the realignment of its genera across the entire order Apiales. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 53(1):134-151. {{doi. 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.010.
  6. but in its current [[Circumscription (taxonomy). endemic]] to Tasmania. ''R. laetevirens'' and ''R. valdiviensis'' are from southern Chile and Argentina, the latter being restricted to the [[Valdivian temperate rain forest]].{{Citation needed. (January 2014 ''R. anomalus'', ''R. edgerleyi'', and ''R. simplex'' are from New Zealand.{{Citation needed). (January 2014 There are [[Nature). naturally]] occurring [[Hybrid (biology)
  7. ''Raukaua'' In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: [[Regnum Vegetabile]] (see ''External links'' below).
  8. ''Raukaua'' in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).
  9. Berthold Carl Seemann. 1866. On the genus ''Raukana'' ([[sic]]). page 352. In: Revision of the natural order Hederaceae. ''Journal of Botany, British and Foreign'' 4:352. (See ''External links'' below).
  10. Anthony D. Mitchell, David G. Frodin, and Michael J. Heads. 1997. Reinstatement of ''Raukaua'', a genus of the Araliaceae centred in New Zealand. ''New Zealand Journal of Botany'' 35(3):309-315. {{doi. 10.1080/0028825X.1997.10410156. (See ''External links'' below).
  11. Berthold Carl Seemann. 1868. page 142 In: Additions and Corrections to the Revision of Hederaceae, pages 140-142. In: Revision of the Natural Order Hederaceae, pages 129-142. In: ''Journal of Botany'', British and Foreign, volume 6. (See ''External links'' below).

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raukauaapiales-generataxa-named-by-berthold-carl-seemann