Rammun

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title: "Rammun" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["villages-in-the-west-bank", "municipalities-of-palestine"] topic_path: "general/villages-in-the-west-bank" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rammun" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameRammun
translit_lang1Arabic
translit_lang1_typeArabic
translit_lang1_infoرمّون
translit_lang1_type1Latin
translit_lang1_info1Rammun (official)
typePalestinian town
image_skylineFile:Rammun2021.jpg
pushpin_mapPalestine
pushpin_map_captionLocation of Rammun within Palestine
coordinates
grid_namePalestine grid
grid_position178/148
subdivision_typeState
subdivision_nameState of Palestine
subdivision_type1Governorate
subdivision_name1Ramallah and al-Bireh
established_titleFounded
government_footnotestags --
government_typeMunicipality
leader_titleHead of Village Mosque
leader_nameAbo Amir Shawakha
unit_prefdunam
elevation_m745
elevation_min_m500
elevation_max_m1600
population_footnotes
population_total2405
population_as_of2017
population_density_km2auto
blank_name_sec1Name meaning
blank_info_sec1Rock Rimmon
::

| name = Rammun | translit_lang1 = Arabic | translit_lang1_type = Arabic | translit_lang1_info = رمّون | translit_lang1_type1 = Latin | translit_lang1_info1 = Rammun (official) | type = Palestinian town | image_skyline = File:Rammun2021.jpg | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Palestine | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Rammun within Palestine | image_map = | map_caption = | coordinates = | grid_name = Palestine grid | grid_position = 178/148 | subdivision_type = State | subdivision_name = State of Palestine | subdivision_type1 = Governorate | subdivision_name1 = Ramallah and al-Bireh | established_title = Founded | established_date = | government_footnotes = tags -- | government_type = Municipality | leader_title = Head of Village Mosque | leader_name = Abo Amir Shawakha

| unit_pref = dunam | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_total_dunam = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 745 | elevation_min_m = 500 | elevation_max_m = 1600 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 2405 | population_as_of = 2017 | population_density_km2 = auto | blank_name_sec1 = Name meaning | blank_info_sec1 = Rock Rimmon | website = | footnotes =

Rammun () is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the central West Bank, located twelve kilometers east of Ramallah and three kilometers south of Taybeh. Other nearby towns include Deir Dibwan to the southwest, Beitin to the east and Ein Yabrud to the northeast.

History and archeology

Sherds from Iron Age I, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Crusader/Ayyubid and Mamluk eras have been found.

Mosaics and ancient cisterns have been found.

Van der Velde (in 1854) assumed that Rammun was the place mentioned in the Bible as Rimmon, Sela Rimmon. The Rock of Rimmon was where the Benjamites fled (Judges 20:45, 47; 21:13), and where they maintained themselves for four months after the battle at Gibeah.

It also is suggested to be the town of Remmon (, Remmōn) mentioned in the Onomasticon and in the Map of Madaba, located fifteen miles north of Jerusalem, between Bethel and Jericho.

There are Byzantine, Crusader, Ayyubid, Mamluk and Ottoman remains in the town including a mosaic in the town's mosque, an ancient burial cave and sanitary pit. The burial cave dates back to Byzantine times and contained pottery lamps, sandals and cross-shaped medallions. Beside the village is a cave named "The Christian's Cave".

Ottoman era

In 1596, Rammun appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of the Liwa of Quds, with a population of 39 Muslim households. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olives, and vines or fruit trees; a total of 5,700 akçe. Sherds from the early Ottoman era have been also found.

In 1838, Edward Robinson noted Rummon as a Muslim village in the District of Beni Salim, east of Jerusalem, located "on a naked conical point of the ridge, rising steeply on the N[orth] side of the valley, the houses being apparently built in terraces around the hill from the top downwards."

The French explorer Victor Guérin first visited the village in 1863, and described it as a village with five hundred inhabitants. He further noted that in the limestone mountain around it were drilled numerous caves, many of which were still used by shepherds and their flocks. Ancient cisterns dug into the rock were also found. The houses were partly built with antique materials, including some large blocks cut ashlars.

An Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed that Rammun had 81 houses and a population of 334, though the population count included men only. The village was described as being in the Beni Salim area.

In the 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Rammun as "A village of moderate size, with cisterns and caves, evidently an ancient site. On the north-east is a deep rockcut tank, and south of it a rock-cut tomb. The houses stand on a barren conical point of rock north of a rough valley, and are built in terraces. The site is peculiar, being at the end of a plateau of arable soil extending southwards from Taiyibeh. The view is extensive towards the south-east, but bounded by the Taiyibeh range on the north. There are numerous caves in the rocky sides of the hill called Ashkaf Jiljal, as well as further west (Ashkaf Daud)."

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Rimmon1.jpg" caption="Rammun, ca 1900 to 1920"] ::

In 1896 the population of Rammun was estimated to be about 705 persons.

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Rammun had a population of 703, all Muslims, while in the 1931 census, the village had 153 occupied houses and a population of 744, still all Muslims.

In the 1945 statistics the population was 970 Muslims, while the total land area was 30,043 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 2,338 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 7,181 for cereals, while 61 dunams were classified as built-up areas.

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Rammun came under Jordanian rule.

In 1961, the population of Rammun was 1,186 persons.

Post-1967

During the Six-Day War in 1967, Rammun came under Israeli occupation.

After the 1995 accords, 1.6% of Rammun’s land was classified as Area A, 27% was classified as Area B, while the remaining 71.4% is classified as Area C.

In 2017, there were 2,405 villagers in Rammun. There are about 7,000 former residents and their descendants living in the diaspora, mainly in the United States. Many in the diaspora have summer homes in the village, though these homes have been frequently broken into.

2012 shootings

In March 2012, a Duvdevan Unit in civilian clothing entered Rammun, reportedly on a night-time training exercise were mistaken for burglars by three brothers of the Shawakhah family. All three brothers were shot multiple times in the confrontation that followed that also involved uniformed IDF soldiers, and Rashad Shawakhah died of his wounds several days later in hospital. B'Tselem, who have stated that the undercover unit's operational method and rules of engagement violate international law, requested the army's Criminal Investigations Division to examine the incident. The military advocate general opened an investigation in May 2012.

References

Bibliography

References

  1. (February 2018). "Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017". [[State of Palestine]].
  2. Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/241/mode/1up 241]
  3. H. Taha. (1998). "A Byzantine Tomb at the Village of Rammun". Liber Annuus.
  4. Finkelstein et al, 1997, p. 538
  5. Dauphin, 1998, p. 835
  6. van der Velde, 1854, p. [https://archive.org/stream/narrativeajourn01veldgoog#page/n302/mode/1up 284]
  7. (1998). "Spatial distribution of Christian and Muslim settlements in Samaria". Cambridge University Press.
  8. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 116
  9. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/125/mode/1up 125]
  10. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, pp. [https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog/page/n135 113], [https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog/page/n142 120]
  11. Guérin, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n64/mode/1up 51]-53, partly translated in Conder and Kitchener, 1882, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/367/mode/1up 367]
  12. Guérin, 1874, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/215/mode/1up 215]
  13. Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/158/mode/1up 158]
  14. Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n923/mode/1up 115] also noted 81 houses
  15. Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/292/mode/1up 292]
  16. Schick, 1896, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n229/mode/1up 122]
  17. Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n19/mode/1up 17]
  18. Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 50].
  19. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p26.jpg 26]
  20. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Ramallah/Page-065.jpg 65]
  21. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Ramallah/Page-112.jpg 112]
  22. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Ramallah/Page-162.jpg 162]
  23. Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p24.pdf 24]
  24. [http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/vprofile/Rammun_Vp_en.pdf Rammun Village Profile], ARIJ, 2012, p. 18
  25. (4 May 2012). "In a Palestinian village plagued by crime, a thin line runs between burglars and IDF soldiers". Haaretz.
  26. (24 April 2012). "Soldiers in civilian clothing shot at Palestinians who, thinking they were being robbed, sought to defend their property; one Palestinian killed". B'Tselem.
  27. (13 June 2012). "Stories Differ After Israeli Soldiers Kill Palestinian". NPR.
  28. Yoav Zitun. (18 April 2012). "Soldier dismissed after kicking bound Palestinian". Ynet.
  29. Gurvitz, Yossi. (2012-04-18). "IDF Soldiers Enter Village, Kill Palestinian in Drill Gone Awry". Noam Sheizaf.

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