Płońsk

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Place in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland

title: "Płońsk" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cities-and-towns-in-masovian-voivodeship", "płońsk-county", "10th-century-establishments-in-poland", "populated-places-established-in-the-10th-century", "populated-riverside-places-in-poland", "holocaust-locations-in-poland", "sites-of-nazi-war-crimes-in-poland", "historic-jewish-communities-in-poland"] description: "Place in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Płońsk" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Place in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
namePłońsk
image_skyline{{multiple image
borderinfobox
total_width270
image_styleborder:1;
perrow1/2
image1Płońsk rynek (cropped).jpgMarket Square
image2Płońsk Planetarium 090148 (cropped).jpgPlanetarium
image3Saint Michael Archangel church, Płońsk (cropped).jpgSt. Michael Archangel church
image_caption
image_shieldPOL Płońsk COA.svg
image_flagPOL Płońsk flag.svg
pushpin_mapPoland
pushpin_label_positionbottom
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_name
subdivision_type1Voivodeship
subdivision_name1Masovian
subdivision_type2County
subdivision_name2Płońsk
subdivision_type3Gmina
subdivision_name3Płońsk (urban gmina)
leader_titleMayor
leader_nameAndrzej Józef Pietrasik
established_titleEstablished
established_date10th century
established_title3Town rights
established_date31400
area_total_km211.6
population_as_of2022-12-31
population_total21591
population_density_km2auto
timezoneCET
utc_offset+1
timezone_DSTCEST
utc_offset_DST+2
coordinates
postal_code_typePostal code
postal_code09-100
area_code+48 023
blank_nameCar plates
blank_infoWPN
blank_name_sec2Highways
blank_info_sec2[[File:S7-PL.svg
blank1_name_sec2National roads
blank1_info_sec2[[File:DK10-PL.svg
blank2_name_sec2Voivodeship roads
blank2_info_sec2[[File:DW632-PL.svg
websitehttp://www.plonsk.pl
::

| name = Płońsk | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 270 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2 | image1 = Płońsk rynek (cropped).jpgMarket Square | image2 = Płońsk Planetarium 090148 (cropped).jpgPlanetarium | image3 = Saint Michael Archangel church, Płońsk (cropped).jpgSt. Michael Archangel church | image_caption = | image_shield = POL Płońsk COA.svg | image_flag = POL Płońsk flag.svg | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = | subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship | subdivision_name1 = Masovian | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Płońsk | subdivision_type3 = Gmina | subdivision_name3 = Płońsk (urban gmina) | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Andrzej Józef Pietrasik | established_title = Established | established_date = 10th century | established_title3 = Town rights | established_date3 = 1400 | area_total_km2 = 11.6 | population_as_of = 2022-12-31 | population_total = 21591 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | coordinates = | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 09-100 | area_code = +48 023 | blank_name = Car plates | blank_info = WPN | blank_name_sec2 = Highways | blank_info_sec2 = [[File:S7-PL.svg|32px|link=Expressway S7 (Poland)]] | blank1_name_sec2 = National roads | blank1_info_sec2 = [[File:DK10-PL.svg|32px]] [[File:DK50-PL.svg|32px|link=National road 50 (Poland)]] | blank2_name_sec2 = Voivodeship roads | blank2_info_sec2 = [[File:DW632-PL.svg|32px]] | website = http://www.plonsk.pl Płońsk (; ) is a town in central Poland with 21,591 inhabitants (2022). Situated at the Płonka river in the historic region of Mazovia, it is the seat of Płońsk County in the Masovian Voivodeship.

History

According to archaeological research, the Płońsk stronghold was built in the late 10th century within the early Polish state. Dating back to 1155, is the first historical record confirming the existence of Płońsk. Around the castle a group of inhabitants was formed, most of whom initially worked on the land. As a result of the fragmentation of medieval Piast-ruled Poland, it was part of the duchies of Masovia and Płock, and then it was a royal town of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Płock Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. In 1400, Siemowit IV of Masovia, granted it town rights under Chełmno law, then merchants and craftsmen started to come to the town. Płońsk was located on a trade route connecting Toruń with Brześć.

In 1872–1875 astronomer Jan Walery Jędrzejewicz established an astronomical observatory and meteorological station in Płońsk. After his death, the astronomical observatory was moved to Warsaw in 1898.

It was a centre of the garment industry. The Jews lived mostly within the city, whilst the Poles were more scattered and tended to live in the countryside. On 16 October 1886 David Ben Gurion was born in Płońsk. Like him, also many other Jewish residents of the city immigrated to Palestine for Zionist reasons, spurred on by the idea of building a Jewish homeland.

On 14–17 August 1920, the Poles successfully defended the town during a Soviet invasion. According to the 1921 Polish census, the town had a population of 9,220, 58.1% Polish and 41.9% Jewish.

During the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, Germany invaded the town and the Einsatzgruppe V entered the town to commit various crimes against the populace. Under German occupation the town was annexed directly to Nazi Germany and was renamed Plöhnen. The Germans established and operated a court prison in the town. In 1940, the occupiers expelled around 1,000 Poles, whose houses and workshops were then handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy. In September 1940, Jews from the town and the surrounding areas were imprisoned in a ghetto. Soon a typhus epidemic broke out. A hospital, a bathhouse for the sick, a pharmacy, and a folk kitchen were organized in the ghetto. In total, 12,000 Jews were prisoners of the ghetto and from October 1942, they were sent to the Auschwitz extermination camp. In 1943 in Berlin, the Germans sentenced six members of the local Polish resistance movement, some to death. On 16–18 January 1945, shortly before retreating, the German police carried out a massacre of 78 Poles in the town.

The town was administratively part of the Ciechanów Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998.

In 2008, the Płońsk Association of Astronomy Enthusiasts was founded, and in 2024 the Jan Walery Jędrzejewicz Planetarium and Astronomical Observatory in Płońsk was opened.

Sights

  • Saint Michael Archangel Church – former monastery of Calced Carmelites, founded before 1417 by the Duke Siemowit IV of Masovia and his wife Aleksandra, sister of Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło
  • David Ben Gurion’s family home – 18th century tenement house at 21A 15 Sierpnia Square, where Ben Gurion lived until his emigration to Palestine in 1908
  • The Memorial House at 2 Warszawska Street – the museum of Płońsk's Jews
  • David Ben Gurion Square – monument on a place where he was born
  • The old Sienkiewiczówka manor – home of Polish novelist and Nobel Prize laureate Henryk Sienkiewicz, located in the Poświętne district. There he wrote his first unpublished novel Ofiara.
  • Former house of 19th-century Polish astronomer Jan Walery Jędrzejewicz

File:Płońsk - tzw. Bengurionówka, Plac 15 Sierpnia 21, 21A (ziel).JPG|David Ben Gurion’s family home File:David Ben Gurion birth place.jpg|David Ben Gurion Square File:PL Płońsk-Poświętne old manor.jpg|Manor in the Poświętne district, home of Polish novelist and Nobel Prize laureate Henryk Sienkiewicz in the 1860s

Demographics

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Museums

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/MOs810,WG_2024_7_Mazowsze_W-N(Dom_Pamięci_w_Płońsku)_(2).jpg" caption="[[Płońsk Memorial House"] ::

  • Płońsk Memorial House - museum with permanent exhibition "Glance and recall" showing the history of the Jewish community of Płońsk, of the Holocaust and of David Ben-Gurion
  • Muzeum Ziemi Płońskiej - local history museum being created at the railway station, which opened in spring 2024

Transport

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Płońsk_PKP_082653.jpg" caption="Railway station"] ::

Płońsk is located at the intersection of the Polish S7 highway (partly under construction as of February 2022) and National roads No. 10 and 50. There is also a railway station in the town.

Events

In 2018, local Poles held a celebration in honor of David Ben-Gurion, who was born in the town, for the 70th anniversary of the re-establishment of the State of Israel.

Notable people

References

References

  1. [https://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Plonsk Płońsk w liczbach] - 31.12.2022. www.polskawliczbach.pl
  2. Bartoszewicz, Henryk. (1994). "Drogi handlowe ziemi dobrzyńskiej w XV–XVI w.". Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Wydawnictwo DiG.
  3. Fiećko, Wincenty. (1938). "Dr. Jan Walery Jędrzejewicz. Lekarz i astronom w Płońsku (w 50 rocznicę zgonu)". Towarzystwo Naukowe Płockie.
  4. Fiećko, pp. 13–14
  5. [[Tom Segev. Segev, Tom]] (2018 - 2019 translation [[Haim Watzman]]) ''A State at Any Cost. The Life of David Ben-Gurion.'' Apollo. {{ISBN. 9-781789-544633 p.48
  6. Memoirs: David Ben-Gurion (1970), p. 36
  7. Tomasz Gąsowski. "Obrona Płońska (14–17 sierpnia 1920)".
  8. . (1925). "Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Tom I". *Główny Urząd Statystyczny*.
  9. Wardzyńska, Maria. (2009). "Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion". [[Institute of National Remembrance.
  10. Wardzyńska (2009), p. 224
  11. Wardzyńska, Maria. (2017). "Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945". IPN.
  12. "Historia społeczności | Wirtualny Sztetl". Sztetl.org.pl.
  13. Katarzyna Olszewska. (13 July 2010). "Z historii płońskiej konspiracji".
  14. "Uczczono pamięć ofiar zbrodni na Piaskach".
  15. (2025). "Duma Płońska".
  16. . (1967). "Dokumentacja Geograficzna". *Instytut Geografii [[Polish Academy of Sciences*.
  17. . (2011). ["Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r."](https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf). *Główny Urząd Statystyczny*.
  18. (2023-10-12). "Mirosława Krysiak patronem Muzeum Ziemi Płońskiej? Obiekt powstanie na wiosnę".
  19. "Hundreds of locals march through the Polish birthplace of Ben Gurion - Diaspora - Jerusalem Post".

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cities-and-towns-in-masovian-voivodeshippłońsk-county10th-century-establishments-in-polandpopulated-places-established-in-the-10th-centurypopulated-riverside-places-in-polandholocaust-locations-in-polandsites-of-nazi-war-crimes-in-polandhistoric-jewish-communities-in-poland