Pirenópolis
title: "Pirenópolis" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["municipalities-in-goiás"] topic_path: "general/municipalities-in-goias" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirenópolis" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Pirenópolis |
| official_name | Municipality of Pirenópolis |
| settlement_type | Municipality |
| nicknames | Cradle of the Goiana Press, rare Jewel of the center-west |
| image_skyline | {{multiple image |
| perrow | 2/2/2/1 |
| border | infobox |
| total_width | 280 |
| image1 | Cortejo do imperador da Festa do Divino em Pirenópolis.jpg |
| caption1 | Festa do Divino Espirírito Santo |
| image2 | Pirenópolis-Waterfall-VargemGrande.jpg |
| caption2 | Santa Maria Waterfall |
| image3 | Centro,Pirenópolis-_GO,Brazil-panoramio(12).jpg |
| caption3 | Ponte do Carmo |
| image4 | Cavalhadas em Pirenópolis.jpg |
| caption4 | Knight of the Pirenópolis Cavalcades |
| image5 | Morro cabeludo - Parque dos Pireneus - Pirenópolis - Goiás 01.jpg |
| caption5 | Pirineus State Park |
| image6 | Elianec-conj. arquit. Pirenópolis (5).jpg |
| caption6 | Historic center |
| image7 | Matriz de Pirenopolis 02.06.2021.jpg |
| caption7 | Igreja Matriz do Rosário |
| imagesize | 250px |
| image_flag | Bandeira_pirenopolis.jpg |
| image_seal | brasao_pirenopolis.jpg |
| image_map | Goias Municip Pirenopolis.svg |
| mapsize | 250px |
| map_caption | Location of Pirenópolis |
| subdivision_type | Country |
| subdivision_type1 | Region |
| subdivision_type2 | State |
| subdivision_name | Brazil |
| subdivision_name1 | Centre-West |
| subdivision_name2 | Goiás |
| leader_title | Mayor |
| leader_name | Nivaldo Antônio de Melo |
| leader_title1 | |
| established_title | Founded |
| established_date | 7 October 1727 |
| established_title2 | |
| established_title3 | |
| population_as_of | 2020 |
| population_total | 25,064 |
| timezone1 | BRT |
| utc_offset | −3 |
| coordinates | |
| elevation_m | 770 |
| postal_code_type | |
| postal_code | 72980-000 |
| blank_name | HDI (2010) |
| blank_info | 0.693 – medium{{Cite web |
| website | |
| :: |
| name = Pirenópolis | official_name = Municipality of Pirenópolis | settlement_type = Municipality | nicknames = Cradle of the Goiana Press, rare Jewel of the center-west | motto = | image_skyline = {{multiple image | perrow = 2/2/2/1 | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image1 = Cortejo do imperador da Festa do Divino em Pirenópolis.jpg | caption1 = Festa do Divino Espirírito Santo | image2 = Pirenópolis-Waterfall-VargemGrande.jpg | caption2 = Santa Maria Waterfall | image3 = Centro,Pirenópolis-_GO,Brazil-panoramio(12).jpg | caption3 = Ponte do Carmo | image4 = Cavalhadas em Pirenópolis.jpg | caption4 = Knight of the Pirenópolis Cavalcades | image5 = Morro cabeludo - Parque dos Pireneus - Pirenópolis - Goiás 01.jpg | caption5 = Pirineus State Park | image6 = Elianec-conj. arquit. Pirenópolis (5).jpg | caption6 = Historic center | image7 = Matriz de Pirenopolis 02.06.2021.jpg | caption7 = Igreja Matriz do Rosário | imagesize = 250px | image_flag = Bandeira_pirenopolis.jpg | image_seal = brasao_pirenopolis.jpg | image_map = Goias Municip Pirenopolis.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Location of Pirenópolis | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name = Brazil | subdivision_name1 = Centre-West | subdivision_name2 = Goiás | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Nivaldo Antônio de Melo | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | established_title = Founded | established_date = 7 October 1727 | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of = 2020 | population_note = | population_total = 25,064 | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | timezone1 = BRT | utc_offset = −3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = | elevation_m = 770 | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = 72980-000 | blank_name = HDI (2010) | blank_info = 0.693 – medium{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708233352/http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2014 |access-date=August 1, 2013 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) | website = | footnotes =
Pirenópolis, also known as Piri, is a historic municipality located in the Brazilian state of Goiás. It is known for its waterfalls and Portuguese colonial architecture, and a popular festival involving mounted horses called Festa do Divino Espírito Santo which takes place 45 days after Easter. Pirenópolis is located 120 km from Goiânia, the state capital, and 150 km from Brasília, the federal capital.
History
The history of Pirenópolis begins in 1727 when it was founded with the name of Minas de Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Meia Ponte, Meia Ponte (half a bridge) because half of the bridge over the Almas River was swept away in a flood. The first colonizers were Portuguese who came for the gold easily found in the Rio das Almas. From 1750 to 1800 there was a golden age when four churches were built and Pirenópolis competed with Vila Boa (present day Cidade de Goiás) as the richest town in the province. After 1800 a downturn over gold mining was set and the part of the population emigrated. With the change of commercial routes to Anápolis, the city became economically isolated. The first newspaper in the province, the Matutina Meiapontense, was published in Meia Ponte in 1830 by Joaquim Alves de Oliveira. In 1890 the city changed its name from Meia Ponte to Pirenópolis, the city of the Pireneus, the mountains located nearby. In 1960 with the construction of Brasília there was an intensive exploitation of the famous Pedra de Pirenópolis (quartzite-micáceo). In the 1980s the hippies arrived with their alternative communities and production of handicrafts. Pirenópolis was born again with a huge influx of tourists, especially from Brasília. Churches were restored and all the electrical wiring was put underground.
Etymology
** Pyrenópolis ** (archaic orthography), later ** Pirenópolis **, means in Greek “the City of the Pireneus”. Its name comes from the mountain range that surrounds the city, that is * Mountain range of the Pireneus *. According to local tradition, the mountain range received this name for having in the region immigrant Spaniards, probably Catalans. Because of some similarity with their native Pyrenees of Europe, a mountain chain situated between Spain and France, they had then given this mountain range the Latin name of Pireneus.
Historic site
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Igreja_Pirenópolis.jpg" caption="A church at Pirenópolis."] ::
Listed as an architectural, urbanistic, landscape and historical heritage for IPHAN - the Institute of National Historic and Artistic Heritage, in 1989, the city has a Historical Center with large, ornate houses and churches of the 18th century, such as: First Church of Our Lady of the Rosary (1728–1732), Churches of Our Lady of the Carmo (1750–1754) and the Church of Our Lord of the Bonfim (Pirenópolis) (1750–1754), and buildings such as the Theater of Pirenópolis, a hybrid style between colonial and neo-classic, of 1899, and the Cine-Pireneus, built in the art-deco style, of 1919 and the House of Chamber and Jail constructed in 1919 as an identical restoration of the 1733 original.
Climate
The climate is humid sub-tropical with two well-defined seasons: the rainy season, which goes from October to March, and the dry season, which goes from April to September. Parts of the municipality are mountainous and maintain some climatic variations due to altitude.
| width = auto | collapsed = yes | metric first = yes | single line = yes | location = Pirenópolis (1991–2020) | Jan high C = 30.0 | Feb high C = 30.4 | Mar high C = 30.4 | Apr high C = 30.9 | May high C = 30.5 | Jun high C = 30.1 | Jul high C = 30.6 | Aug high C = 32.5 | Sep high C = 33.7 | Oct high C = 32.9 | Nov high C = 30.5 | Dec high C = 30.0 | year high C = 31.0 | Jan mean C = 23.7 | Feb mean C = 23.6 | Mar mean C = 23.6 | Apr mean C = 23.4 | May mean C = 22.0 | Jun mean C = 20.9 | Jul mean C = 21.0 | Aug mean C = 23.1 | Sep mean C = 25.2 | Oct mean C = 25.1 | Nov mean C = 24.0 | Dec mean C = 23.8 | year mean C = 23.3 | Jan low C = 19.4 | Feb low C = 19.3 | Mar low C = 19.3 | Apr low C = 18.5 | May low C = 16.3 | Jun low C = 14.6 | Jul low C = 14.2 | Aug low C = 15.8 | Sep low C = 18.5 | Oct low C = 19.4 | Nov low C = 19.5 | Dec low C = 19.6 | year low C = 17.9 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 281.7 | Feb precipitation mm = 238.4 | Mar precipitation mm = 254.7 | Apr precipitation mm = 155.3 | May precipitation mm = 28.5 | Jun precipitation mm = 6.4 | Jul precipitation mm = 1.8 | Aug precipitation mm = 11.1 | Sep precipitation mm = 37.0 | Oct precipitation mm = 134.9 | Nov precipitation mm = 239.8 | Dec precipitation mm = 277.7 | year precipitation mm = 1667.3 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 18.9 | Feb precipitation days = 16.7 | Mar precipitation days = 18.0 | Apr precipitation days = 10.7 | May precipitation days = 2.7 | Jun precipitation days = 0.9 | Jul precipitation days = 0.2 | Aug precipitation days = 0.9 | Sep precipitation days = 3.8 | Oct precipitation days = 11.2 | Nov precipitation days = 16.1 | Dec precipitation days = 18.6 | year precipitation days = 118.7 | Jan humidity = 79.5 | Feb humidity = 79.8 | Mar humidity = 80.2 | Apr humidity = 76.1 | May humidity = 69.1 | Jun humidity = 62.9 | Jul humidity = 54.6 | Aug humidity = 45.9 | Sep humidity = 48.3 | Oct humidity = 63.1 | Nov humidity = 76.0 | Dec humidity = 79.1 | year humidity = 67.9 | Jan dew point C = 20.3 | Feb dew point C = 20.4 | Mar dew point C = 20.5 | Apr dew point C = 19.6 | May dew point C = 17.1 | Jun dew point C = 14.7 | Jul dew point C = 12.7 | Aug dew point C = 11.8 | Sep dew point C = 13.9 | Oct dew point C = 17.8 | Nov dew point C = 19.9 | Dec dew point C = 20.2 | year dew point C = 17.4 | Jan sun = 148.3 | Feb sun = 147.4 | Mar sun = 163.1 | Apr sun = 202.8 | May sun = 242.0 | Jun sun = 247.9 | Jul sun = 268.0 | Aug sun = 268.3 | Sep sun = 217.7 | Oct sun = 198.2 | Nov sun = 148.3 | Dec sun = 137.2 | year sun = 2389.2 | source 1 = NOAA{{cite web |url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-3-WMO-Normals-9120/Brazil/CSV/PIRENOPOLIS_83376.csv |title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Pirenópolis |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = January 31, 2024}}
Economic information
The economy is based on agriculture (coffee, citrus fruits, soybeans, and corn), cattle raising (130,000 head in 2006), services, public administration, and small transformation industries. There are several small food, clothing, and furniture industries.
Agricultural data 2006
- Farms: 1,765
- Total area: 191,778 ha.
- Area of permanent crops: 1,920 ha.
- Area of perennial crops: 4,185 ha.
- Area of natural pasture: 125,908 ha.
- Area of woodland and forests: 52,775 ha.
- Persons dependent on farming: 4,300
- Number of tractors: 177
- Cattle herd: 144,700 IBGE
Education and Health
- Higher education: Campus of the State University of Goiás
- Adult literacy rate: 84.4% (2000) (national average was 86.4%)
- Hospitals: 2 with 66 beds
- Infant mortality rate: 27.52 (2000) (national average was 33.0).
- Human Development Index: 0.713
- State ranking: 191 (out of 242 municipalities)
- National ranking: 2,748 (out of 5,507 municipalities) Frigoletto
Tourism
Major attractions include Igreja Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Meia Ponte, the oldest church in Goiás, and the church Igreja Nosso Senhor do Bonfim. It also has a hippie-like colony which markets clothing and silverwork. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Cavalhadas2.jpg" caption="Festas de Cavalhadas."] ::
Today Pirenópolis is known all over Brazil for its popular festivals, especially the "Cavalhadas", introduced in 1826, in which horsemen representing Moors and Christians recreate a battle fought by Charlemagne. This tradition, part of the Festival for the Holy Spirit (Festa do Espírito Santo), was brought to the town by Portuguese settlers. The Festas de Cavalhadas feature a parade beginning with a bugle fanfare announcing the knight's pages, then the mounted knights displaying their colors. Wearing papier-maché helmets, the Christian knights wear blue, the Moors wear red. The battle lasts three days and attracts thousands of visitors to the town. The Cavalhadas take place in medieval costume, with the highlight being the mock battle, performed in the city's bullring. The Moors invariably are defeated and convert to Christianity. Cavalhadas
The town has been restored artistically with its stone paved streets and colonial houses (casarões). The Almas River, a tributary of the Tocantins River which flows north to form the Serra da Mesa artificial lake, passes near the town and is crossed by a restored wooden bridge. There are an old theater, cinema, and a museum of the cavalhadas. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Pirenópolis-Waterfall-VargemGrande.jpg" caption="The Waterfall ''Vargem Grande'' in Pirenópolis."] ::
The municipality contains part of the 2833 ha Pirineus State Park, created in 1987.{{citation|language=pt|ref= |title=Unidade de Conservação: Parque Estadual dos Pirineus|publisher=MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente |url=http://sistemas.mma.gov.br/cnuc/index.php?ido=relatorioparametrizado.exibeRelatorio&relatorioPadrao=true&idUc=1739|access-date=2016-12-18}} Waterfalls are the primary tourist attraction for Pirenopolis and Corumbá. Around the town, in a distance of 15 km., there are more than twenty spectacular waterfalls with pristine water. Some of them are enormous such as the Salto de Corumba (which disappeared for decades when prospectors diverted the waters for dredging). Other waterfalls are formed by a series of cascades. Many are on private property and are operated as a business. Other falls can be found on hiking trails. One of the longest rivers in the state of Goiás, the Corumbá River has its source near Pirenópolis.
A new attraction to Pirenopolis is the small ecovillage and permaculture design institute located a few kilometers outside of town called the IPEC or The Institute of Permaculture and Ecovillage of the Cerrado. Bringing in foreign students through study abroad programs such as Living Routes, visitors get a first-hand account of the possibilities of sustainable living.
Waterfalls
Image:Pirenópolis-Waterfall-VargemGrande.jpg|Waterfall Santa Maria, inside Vargem Grande farm. File:Abade com ref.JPG|Abade waterfall File:Cachoeira do rosario2.JPG|Rosário waterfall
References
References
- [https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/go/pirenopolis/panorama IBGE 2020]
- (2023-01-05). "Pirenópolis: Desvende todos os segredos da apaixonante cidade histórica de Goiás - Curta Mais - Goiânia".
- "G1 > Brasil - NOTÍCIAS - Encenação de batalha entre cristãos e mouros é tradição em GO".
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