Phyllopsora

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Genus of lichens

title: "Phyllopsora" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["phyllopsora", "lichen-genera", "lecanorales-genera", "taxa-described-in-1894", "taxa-named-by-johannes-müller-argoviensis"] description: "Genus of lichens" topic_path: "general/phyllopsora" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllopsora" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of lichens ::

| image = Phyllopsora furfuracea - Flickr - pellaea.jpg | image_caption = Phyllopsora furfuracea in Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve, Florida | taxon = Phyllopsora | authority = Müll.Arg. (1894) | type_species = Phyllopsora breviuscula | type_species_authority = (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1894) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = | synonyms_ref = | synonyms =

  • Triclinum
  • Psoromopsis
  • Physcidia sect. Callopis
  • Callopis
  • Squamacidia

Phyllopsora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae.

The characteristics of a fossilized Phyllopsora, P. dominicana, found in Dominican amber, suggests that the main distinguishing features of the genus have remained unchanged for tens of millions of years.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by the Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1894, with Phyllopsora breviuscula assigned as the type species.

In 2019, a proposal was made to conserve the name Phyllopsora against the earlier names Triclinum and Crocynia. This was due to Phyllopsora including species that are the types of these earlier generic names, which would have priority. The proposal argued that conserving Phyllopsora would be the least disruptive option, as taking up Triclinum would require 56 new combinations, while Crocynia included many species now considered to belong to other genera. In 2024, the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi recommended conservation of Phyllopsora against Triclinum and Crocynia, with 80% of the committee voting in favour.

Squamacidia was brought into synonymy with Triclinum as a direct result of typification work: Per Magnus Jørgensen lectotypified Triclinum cinchonarum with Fée's protologue figure and epitypified it with a specimen identified as Physcidia endococcina; Brako had earlier treated P. endococcina as a variety of Squamacidia janeirensis, the type species of Squamacidia. This ties T. cinchonarum to the same element that fixes Squamacidia, so Squamacidia falls under Triclinum, with cinchonarum the oldest available epithet. Subsequent phylogenetic work showed T. cinchonarum to be nested within Phyllopsora, which is why treating Triclinum under Phyllopsora also carries Squamacidia into Phyllopsora and motivated the 2019 conservation proposal.

Description

The genus Phyllopsora is distinguished by its scale-like () to almost leaf-like (foliose) body (thallus) that often has a distinct border (prothallus). Its reproductive structures, known as asci, have a unique feature: an amyloid dome and a narrow, cone-shaped central structure. The fruiting bodies (apothecia) of this genus are made up of highly gelatinized (jelly-like) fungal threads. These threads show no clear separation between the different structural layers of the apothecium, and this gelatinised texture is consistent throughout the central and marginal areas of the apothecium as well as in the supporting structures (). The produced by Phyllopsora are small, with thin walls, and are typically not divided into separate compartments (rarely septate).

Species

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Phyllopsora_isidiolyta_-Flickr-_pellaea.jpg" caption="''Phyllopsora isidiolyta''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Phyllopsora_(10.3897-mycokeys.53.33425)_Figure_2.jpg" caption="A: ''Phyllopsora africana''; B: ''P. breviuscula'' C: ''P. buettneri''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Crocynia_pyxinoides_-Flickr-_pellaea.jpg" caption="''Phyllopsora pyxinoides''"] ::

, Species Fungorum accepts 48 species of Phyllopsora:

References

References

  1. Brako, Lois. (1989). "Reevaluation of the genus ''Phyllopsora'' with taxonomic notes and introduction of ''Squamacidia'', gen. nov.". Mycotaxon.
  2. Brako, Lois. (1991). "''Phyllopsora'' (Bacidiaceae)". New York Botanical Garden Press.
  3. Species Fungorum. "''Phyllopsora''". [[Catalogue of Life]].
  4. (1979). "New or interesting British lichens IV". The Lichenologist.
  5. Elix, J.A.. (2006). "Additional lichen records from Australia 56". Australasian Lichenology.
  6. Elix, J.A.. (2006). "Five new species of ''Phyllopsora'' (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia". Australasian Lichenology.
  7. (1825). "Essai sur les cryptogames des écorces exotiques officinales". Firmin Didot père et fils.
  8. (2017). "A Caribbean epiphyte community preserved in Miocene Dominican amber". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
  9. (2019). "Towards an integrative taxonomy of ''Phyllopsora'' (Ramalinaceae)". The Lichenologist.
  10. (2019). "(2687) Proposal to conserve the name ''Phyllopsora'' against ''Triclinum'' and ''Crocynia'' (Ramalinaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)". Taxon.
  11. (2019). "A regional study of the genus ''Phyllopsora'' (Ramalinaceae) in Asia and Melanesia". MycoKeys.
  12. (2016). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 5". Acta Botanica Hungarica.
  13. (2020). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 10". Acta Botanica Hungarica.
  14. May, Tom W.. (2024). "Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi: 24". Taxon.
  15. (2011). "New taxa and new reports of ''Phyllopsora'' (lichenized Ascomycotina) from India". Mycotaxon.
  16. Müller, J.. (1894). "Conspectus systematicus lichenum Novae Zelandiae". Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier.
  17. "Synonymy: ''Phyllopsora'' Müll. Arg.". [[Species Fungorum]].
  18. (2001). "Further studies on African species of the lichen genus ''Phyllopsora'' (Lecanorales)". Mycotaxon.
  19. Timdal, Einar. (2008). "Studies on ''Phyllopsora'' (Ramalinaceae) in Peru". The Lichenologist.
  20. Timdal, E.. (2011). "The lichen genus ''Phyllopsora'' (Ramalinaceae) in the West Indies". Bibliotheca Lichenologica.
  21. (2008). "A new species of ''Phyllopsora'' (Lecanorales, lichen-forming Ascomycota) from Dominican amber, with remarks on the fossil history of lichens". Journal of Experimental Botany.
  22. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere.

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phyllopsoralichen-generalecanorales-generataxa-described-in-1894taxa-named-by-johannes-müller-argoviensis