Phosphorus trioxide

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Chemical compound

title: "Phosphorus trioxide" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["sesquioxides", "adamantane-like-molecules", "phosphorus-oxides", "phosphorus(iii)-compounds", "tricyclic-compounds"] description: "Chemical compound" topic_path: "general/sesquioxides" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_trioxide" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Chemical compound ::

| Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 444053776 | Name = Phosphorus(III) oxide | ImageFile = Phosphorus-trioxide-from-xtal-3D-balls.png | ImageName = Ball-and-stick model of the P4O6 molecule | ImageCaption = Phosphorus in orange, oxygen in red | ImageFile1 = Phosphorus-trioxide-xtal-3D-balls-A.png | ImageName1 = Packing of P4O6 molecules in the crystal structure | ImageFile2 = P4O6 photo (5).jpg | ImageName2 = Liquid and solid phosphorus trioxide at its melting point |IUPACName=Tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]tetraphosphoxane |SystematicName=2,4,6,8,9,10-Hexaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraphosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane | OtherNames = Phosphorus sesquioxide Phosphorous anhydride Tetraphosphorous hexoxide |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo_Ref = | CASNo = 1314-24-5 | ChEBI_Ref = | ChEBI = 37372 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = | ChemSpiderID = 109897 | EC_number = 235-670-5 | Gmelin = 26856 | PubChem = 123290 | UNII_Ref = | UNII = 0LTR52K7HK | InChI = 1/O6P4/c1-7-2-9-4-8(1)5-10(3-7)6-9 | InChIKey = VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYAV | StdInChI_Ref = | StdInChI = 1S/O6P4/c1-7-2-9-4-8(1)5-10(3-7)6-9 | StdInChIKey_Ref = | StdInChIKey = VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N | SMILES = O1P3OP2OP(OP1O2)O3 |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Formula = P4O6 | MolarMass = 219.88 g mol−1 | Appearance = colourless monoclinic crystals or liquid | Density = 2.135 g/cm3 | Solubility = reacts | MeltingPtC = 23.8 | BoilingPtC = 173.1 | pKa = 9.4 | pKb = |Section3={{Chembox Structure | MolShape = See Text | CrystalStruct = | Dipole = 0 |Section7={{Chembox Hazards | ExternalSDS = | GHSPictograms = | GHSSignalWord = Danger | HPhrases = | PPhrases = | NFPA-H = 3 | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-R = 0 | GHS_ref = |Section8={{Chembox Related | OtherAnions = Phosphorus trisulfide | OtherCations = Dinitrogen trioxide Arsenic trioxide Antimony trioxide | OtherCompounds = Phosphorus pentoxide Phosphorous acid

Phosphorus trioxide is the chemical compound with the molecular formula P4O6. Although the molecular formula suggests the name tetraphosphorus hexoxide, the name phosphorus trioxide preceded the knowledge of the compound's molecular structure, and its usage continues today. This colorless solid is structurally related to adamantane. It is formally the anhydride of phosphorous acid, H3PO3, but cannot be obtained by the dehydration of the acid. A white solid that melts at room temperature, it is waxy, crystalline and highly toxic, with garlic odor.

Preparation

It is obtained by the combustion of phosphorus in a limited supply of air at low temperatures. :P4 + 3 O2 → P4O6

By-products include red phosphorus suboxide.

Chemical properties

Phosphorus trioxide reacts with water to form phosphorous acid, reflecting the fact that it is the anhydride of that acid.

: P4O6 + 6 H2O → 4 H3PO3

It reacts with hydrogen chloride to form H3PO3 and phosphorus trichloride.

: P4O6 + 6 HCl → 2 H3PO3 + 2 PCl3

With chlorine or bromine it forms the corresponding phosphoryl halide, and it reacts with iodine in a sealed tube to form diphosphorus tetraiodide.

P4O6 reacts with ozone at 195 K to give the unstable compound P4O18..{{cite book | title = Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Edition | chapter = Chapter 15: The group 15 elements | author1 = Catherine E. Housecroft | author2 = Alan G. Sharpe | publisher = Pearson | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-13-175553-6 | page = 473

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Reaction_of_phosphoprus_trioxide_with_ozone.png"] ::

P4O18 decomposes above 238 K in solution with the release of O2 gas. Decomposition of dry P4O18 is explosive.

In a disproportionation reaction, P4O6 is converted into the mixed P(III)P(V) species P4O8 when heated in a sealed tube at 710 K, with the side product being red phosphorus.

As a ligand

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Phosphorus-trioxide-iron-tetracarbonyl-complex-from-xtal-3D-balls.png" caption="Structure of P₄O₆·Fe(CO)₄."] ::

P4O6 is a ligand for transition metals, comparable to phosphite. An illustrative complex is P4O6·Fe(CO)4. With BH3, a dimeric adduct is produced: :[[File:Adduct of phosphorus oxide with BH3.png|center|thumb|280px|Structure of P8O12(BH3)2.]]

References

(2001). "Inorganic Chemistry". Academic Press.
{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd
(November 1996). "Tetracarbonyl(tetraphosphorus hexoxide)iron". Acta Crystallogr. C.

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