Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm

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title: "Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["populated-places-in-ninh-thuận-province", "districts-of-ninh-thuận-province", "provincial-capitals-in-vietnam", "cities-in-vietnam", "chams"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phan_Rang–Tháp_Chàm" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
name
official_namePhan Rang–Tháp Chàm City
Thành phố Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm
other_namePhan Rang, Panduranga
settlement_typeProvincial city (Class-2)
image_skylinePo Klong Garai.jpg
image_captionPo Klong Garai Temple
image_map
pushpin_mapVietnam#Southeast Asia#Asia
pushpin_label_position
pushpin_map_captionLocation of in Vietnam
pushpin_mapsize
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameVietnam
subdivision_type1Province
subdivision_name1Ninh Thuận
subdivision_type2Region
subdivision_name2South Central Coast
area_total_km279.18
population_as_of
population_total207,998
population_density_km22,626
blank_nameClimate
blank_infoAs
coor_type
coordinates
established_date757, as Panduranga principality, by the Chams
established_titleFounded
established_title1Incorporated
established_date11917, as Phan Rang town, by Khải Định
established_title2Consolidated
established_date22007, as the City of Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm
utc_offset+07:00
elevation_m9
elevation_ft29.53
timezoneICT
area_code259
website
postal_code59000
postal_code_typePostal code
registration_plate85-B1
population_blank1*Vietnamese
population_blank1_titleEthnicities
population_urban196,459
population_rural11,539
parts_typeSubdivision
parts12 wards, 1 commune
named_forPanduranga and Po Klong Garai Temple
subdivision_type3Headquarter
subdivision_name3No. 6A, 21/8 Street, Kinh Dinh Ward
nicknameLand of the towers
::

| name = Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm | official_name = Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm City Thành phố Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm | other_name = Phan Rang, Panduranga | native_name = | settlement_type = Provincial city (Class-2) | image_skyline = Po Klong Garai.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Po Klong Garai Temple | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = | dot_y = | pushpin_map = Vietnam#Southeast Asia#Asia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of in Vietnam | pushpin_mapsize = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Vietnam | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Ninh Thuận | subdivision_type2 = Region | subdivision_name2 = South Central Coast | area_total_km2 = 79.18 | population_as_of = 2023 | population_total = 207,998 | population_density_km2 = 2,626 | blank_name = Climate | blank_info = As | coor_type = | coordinates = | established_date = 757, as Panduranga principality, by the Chams | established_title = Founded | established_title1 = Incorporated | established_date1 = 1917, as Phan Rang town, by Khải Định | established_title2 = Consolidated | established_date2 = 2007, as the City of Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm | utc_offset = +07:00 | elevation_m = 9 | elevation_ft = 29.53 | timezone = ICT | area_code = 259 | website = | postal_code = 59000 | postal_code_type = Postal code | registration_plate = 85-B1 | population_blank1 = *Vietnamese

Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm, commonly known as Phan Rang, is a former city in Vietnam and the capital of Ninh Thuận Province. The community has a population of 207,998 (2023), of which 196,459 (2023) live in the main city.

Etymology

The name Phan Rang or in modern Cham Pan(da)rang is an indigenous Chamized form of the original Sanskrit Pāṇḍuraṅga (another epithet for the Hindu god Vithoba). It first appeared on Cham inscriptions around the tenth century as Paṅrauṅ or Panrāṅ, and after that, it has been Vietnamese transliterated into Phan Rang. The name Tháp Chàm means "Cham Temple/Tower" and is named after the Po Klong Garai Temple in the northern part of the city.

History

Champa period

Main article: Panduranga (Champa)

What is now Phan Rang was formerly known as Panduranga, a principality of Champa kingdom. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Territory_of_Panduranga.jpg" caption="The territory of Panduranga with its capital Phan Rang"] ::

In 757, the southern Champa polity of Panduranga was founded with local autonomy granted by the Champa king. Phan Rang then quickly rose as its religious and cultural center. Following the Dai Viet attack on Vijaya in 1471, Panduranga became the Champa kingdom's capital, serving in this role until 1693. The Panduranga Principality was annexed by the Vietnamese in 1832, marking the fall of the last Champa Kingdom.

Modern period

The town of Phan Rang was established in 1917 during the Nguyễn dynasty, by edict of Emperor Khải Định, and remained the provincial capital of Ninh Thuận Province until 1976, when the province merged with Bình Thuận Province to form Thuận Hải Province.

When the Japanese occupied the country in World War II, they established an airfield and it was later used by the French. During the Republic of Vietnam, Phan Rang was the site of the United States Air Force's Phan Rang Air Base in the Vietnam War.

The town was divided into Phan Rang in the east, which became part of Ninh Hải District and Tháp Chàm in the west, which became part of An Son district. The two were again combined in 1992 to become Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm, the capital of Ninh Thuận Province, achieving city status in 2007.

Geography

Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm city is located in the center of Ninh Thuận province, 1,380 km south of Hanoi, 330 km northeast of Ho Chi Minh City, 95 km south of Nha Trang, with geographical location:

Climate

Located in the southernmost part of the South Central Coast region, Phan Rang has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen As). The average annual temperature ranges from 27 to, the average rainfall ranges from 700 to and humidity is about 70-75%.

The city's climate is divided into two distinct seasons, which are the dry season from December to August of the following year and the rainy season from September to November. Although belonging to the tropical region, Phan Rang is among the cities with the least rainfall in the country, only about of the national average, and the lowest in Southeast Asia outside the Myanmar Dry Zone. | width = auto | location = Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm (1993–2020) | metric first = Y | single line = Y | Jan record high C = | Feb record high C = | Mar record high C = | Apr record high C = | May record high C = | Jun record high C = | Jul record high C = | Aug record high C = | Sep record high C = | Oct record high C = 35.3 | Nov record high C = | Dec record high C = | year record high C = | Jan high C = | Feb high C = | Mar high C = | Apr high C = | May high C = | Jun high C = | Jul high C = | Aug high C = | Sep high C = | Oct high C = | Nov high C = | Dec high C = | year high C = | Jan mean C = 25.1 | Feb mean C = 25.4 | Mar mean C = 26.6 | Apr mean C = 28.1 | May mean C = 29.3 | Jun mean C = 29.1 | Jul mean C = 28.5 | Aug mean C = 28.6 | Sep mean C = 27.9 | Oct mean C = 27.2 | Nov mean C = 26.7 | Dec mean C = 25.6 | year mean C = 27.1 | Jan low C = | Feb low C = | Mar low C = | Apr low C = | May low C = | Jun low C = | Jul low C = | Aug low C = | Sep low C = | Oct low C = | Nov low C = | Dec low C = | year low C = | Jan record low C = | Feb record low C = | Mar record low C = | Apr record low C = | May record low C = | Jun record low C = | Jul record low C = | Aug record low C = | Sep record low C = | Oct record low C = | Nov record low C = | Dec record low C = | year record low C = | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 8.8 | Feb rain mm = 2.8 | Mar rain mm = 12.0 | Apr rain mm = 20.4 | May rain mm = 65.6 | Jun rain mm = 61.7 | Jul rain mm = 54.7 | Aug rain mm = 51.2 | Sep rain mm = 138.6 | Oct rain mm = 168.1 | Nov rain mm = 171.0 | Dec rain mm = 83.6 | year rain mm = 838.5 | Jan rain days = | Feb rain days = | Mar rain days = | Apr rain days = | May rain days = | Jun rain days = | Jul rain days = | Aug rain days = | Sep rain days = | Oct rain days = | Nov rain days = | Dec rain days = | year rain days = | Jan humidity = 71.9 | Feb humidity = 72.3 | Mar humidity = 74.9 | Apr humidity = 76.2 | May humidity = 76.8 | Jun humidity = 75.3 | Jul humidity = 75.8 | Aug humidity = 76.2 | Sep humidity = 79.5 | Oct humidity = 80.5 | Nov humidity = 78.6 | Dec humidity = 74.5 | year humidity = 76.0 | Jan sun = 241.7 | Feb sun = 255.2 | Mar sun = 278.5 | Apr sun = 278.3 | May sun = 258.2 | Jun sun = 239.2 | Jul sun = 234.0 | Aug sun = 242.2 | Sep sun = 195.6 | Oct sun = 194.0 | Nov sun = 189.7 | Dec sun = 189.4 | year sun = 3029 | source 1 = Vietnam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration | source =

Administration

Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm city is divided into 13 commune-level administrative units, including 12 wards: Bảo An, Đài Sơn, Đạo Long, Đô Vinh, Đông Hải, Kinh Dinh, Mỹ Bình, Mỹ Đông, Mỹ Hải, Phủ Hà, Phước Mỹ, Văn Hải and 1 commune: Thành Hải. ::data[format=table]

NameArea (km2)PopulationDensity
Wards (12)
Bảo An3.2212,3883,847
Đài Sơn1.4310,3717,252
Đạo Long2.0810,5405,067
Đô Vinh30.3017,105564
Đông Hải2.1924,67611,267
Kinh Dinh3.5024,6567,044
Mỹ Bình4.3810,1682,321
Mỹ Đông2.5015,1126,044
::

| width="50%" valign="top" style="background: #f9f9f9;" | ::data[format=table]

NameArea (km2)PopulationDensity
Mỹ Hải2.706,5202,415
Phủ Hà2.4023,9579,982
Phước Mỹ6.0020,4153,402
Văn Hải9.2219,8252,150
Commune (1)
Thành Hải9.2211,5391,251
::

|}

Economy

Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm city has a very large contribution rate to the socio-economic development of Ninh Thuận province. Economic development reached a growth rate of 9.6%; Total social investment is over 4,515 billion VND.

Trade and services

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Chợ_TP_Phan_Rang.jpg" caption="Phan Rang market"] ::

Trade and services are a key industry, with a total production value of over 20,700 billion VND, an increase of 9.6%, accounting for 62.3%. The city continues to promote Resolution No. 03-NQ/TU of the Standing Committee of the City on the development of the trade and service industry. Total retail sales of goods and service revenue are estimated at over 29,026 billion VND, an increase of 12.28%; Of which retail revenue of goods was over 24,853 billion VND, accounting for 85.6%, an increase of 11.3%; Accommodation and food services were over VND 2,866 billion, an increase of 19.5%.

Industry and construction

Industry grew at a relative speed. The city has implemented many high-value construction projects that have contributed to increasing the production value of the construction industry, with a production value of over 3,763 billion VND, an increase of 8.8%. For industry, the production value is over 6,862 billion VND. The main products are: Frozen shrimp, up 5.5%; dry cashews, up 31%; standard refined sugar, up 41.24%; Aloe vera jelly production, increased by 7.5%. In the city, there are Thap Cham Industrial Cluster and Thanh Hai Industrial Park.

Agriculture / Fisheries

The agriculture and fisheries sector accounts for 8 - 10% of the economic structure

Agriculture

In agriculture, rice and grapes are the two main crops grown in this locality. The city's rice production has an annual output of more than 30,000 tons. Phan Rang specialty grapes are known for their high quality, used mainly for wine production. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Vườn_Nho_ở_Phan_Rang,_Ninh_Thuận.JPG" caption="Phan Rang vineyard"] ::

Fisheries

With a 10-km-long coastline, Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm's seafood industry plays an important role in the local economy. Seafood such as fish, shrimp, scallops, and squid are exploited and farmed. Among them, industrial shrimp farming is a strongly developing industry. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Nuôi_tôm_thẻ_công_nghiệp_tại_Đông_Hải,_Phan_Rang.jpg" caption="Industrial shrimp farming in Đông Hải, Phan Rang"] ::

Culture

Cham

Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm city has become a center for the maintenance of Cham culture. Much of the city is occupied by Cham people where they have rice paddies, orchards of grapes and peaches, flocks of goats and Brahman cattle. Their towers (the 'Thap') are beautiful memorials to their kings and queens. There are several Cham sites with dilapidated towers along the central coast of Vietnam and major sites in Mỹ Sơn and Nha Trang.

However, there are two sites in the Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm being maintained and culturally active. Two kilometers west of the Tháp Chàm Railway Station, there is excellent hilltop Cham tower complex dedicated to the king Po Klong Garai, the last reigning king; his likeness is depicted on a lingam in the sanctuary of the central tower. A second tower for the king Po Rome is located about 20 km south west of Tháp Chàm, via Phu Quy to Phuoc Huu and the village Hau Sanh; this tower is undergoing extensive renovation (July 2012).

The towers are currently used for the very colorful Cham festivals, particularly "Kate festival" in October (15 Oct in 2012) when they still sacrifice a bullock and other food offerings. Other ceremonies for Ramadan, a Rain Festival (as required), weddings and other celebrations are also held. Apart from the incorporation of Islam into their cultural and religious practice, another point of cultural difference is that their heredity line is maternal. The animist foundation of Cham culture, with fire motif on the towers, rustic traditions and very colorful ceremonial dress makes the Cham culture an ideal tourist resource for Vietnam, as yet poorly developed. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Cổng_vào_Bảo_tàng_Văn_hóa_Dân_tộc_Chăm_-Panduranga(Phan_Rang).jpg" caption="Entrance gate to Po Klong Garai temple during Kate festival (2023)"] ::

Architecturally, the towers are intricately built in small red bricks, almost dry stone construction with very fine mortar lines. The towers are topped by calyx like minarets, arches are rimmed by special bricks fired with tongue like extensions on the extremities to represent flames; it is very intricate brick work requiring sophisticated engineering to deal with the overhang.

Associated with the Po Klong Garai complex there is a cultural center, more functionally built with concrete, bricks, mortar and render, but at least with some of the line of the Cham architecture and housing a display of cultural and handi-works, and excellent photographs and paintings by Cham artists.

Cuisine

  • Grilled rice paper is a snack originating from Phan Rang, then widely spread in Da Lat, Phan Thiet and popular in Ho Chi Minh City.
  • Banh Can is a popular dish of Phan Rang, originating from the cuisine of the Cham, later further developed by the Vietnamese and widely spread in the South Central region. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Bánh_căn_in_phan_rang,_vietnam.jpg" caption="Bánh căn in Phan Rang"] ::

Tourist attractions

File:16 April Park.jpg|16 April Park Monument, Phan Rang File:Phan Rang (Panduranga) city at night.jpg|Phan Rang square at night File:Ninh-thuan-32543.jpg|Binh Son sea park - Phan Rang beach File:Công viên 16-4, Phan Rang, Ninh Thuận.jpg|16th April Park File:Po Klong Garai Temple in Panduranga (Phan Rang).jpg|Po Klong Garai tower complex at sunset File:Phố đi bộ Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm.jpg|Phan Rang walking street

Sport

Ninh Thuan Stadium, also known as Phan Rang Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium located near Phủ Hà roundabout, Phước Mỹ ward. The stadium has a capacity of 16,000 spectators. This is also the home stadium of Ninh Thuan Football Club in 2012.

Transport

Road

Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm is located at the junction of National Routes 1A and 27; the former connects the city to Hanoi towards the north and Ho Chi Minh City to the south-west, while the latter crosses into the Central Highlands towards Buôn Ma Thuột.

Air

The city does not have its own airport with the nearest airport located in the neighbouring province of Khánh Hòa. Cam Ranh International Airport is approximately 59 km from the city.

Railway

The city is connected to the North–South Railway at Tháp Chàm Railway Station; express passenger trains (SE1/2, SE5/6) stop regularly at the station. Getting to or from the Tháp Chàm Station 21 Thang 8 connects Tháp Chàm to Phan Rang. Local buses go west(7 km ride) to Phan Rang bus terminal, near the Phan Rang market. The Phan Rang terminal is the hub for local and distance buses. Local buses go to Phu Quy and Phouc Hou (12km) for the Po Re Do tower or the beach resorts (5km). Taking the opposite direction (west) on 21 Thang 8, 1km gets to the Po Klong Garai towers and cultural center. Mini-buses to Da Lat (2.5hr. trip) pick up passengers from a Tháp Chàm booking office on 21 Thang 8 between the intersection and railway crossing, however, passengers can more reliably get seats at the Phan Rang terminus. Getting to or from the Tháp Chàm Station 21 Thang 8 connects Tháp Chàm to Phan Rang. Local buses go west (7 km ride) to Phan Rang bus terminal, near the Phan Rang market. The Phan Rang terminal is the hub for local and distance buses. Local buses go to Phu Quy and Phuoc Huu (12 km) for the Po Rome tower or the beach resorts (5 km). Taking the opposite direction (west) on 21 Thang 8, 1 km gets to the Po Klong Garai towers and cultural center. Mini-buses to Da Lat (2.5hr. trip) pick up passengers from a Tháp Chàm booking office on 21 Thang 8 between the intersection and railway crossing, however, passengers can more reliably get seats at the Phan Rang terminus. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Ga_Thap_Cham.jpg" caption="Tháp Chàm railway station"] ::

Đà Lạt–Tháp Chàm Railway

The station once served as a terminus for the Đà Lạt–Tháp Chàm Railway, a rack railway which opened in 1932. The railway was abandoned during the Vietnam War and dismantled after the North Vietnamese victory in 1975, to provide materials for the restoration of the heavily damaged north–south line. A proposed renewal project, backed by provincial and local governments, aims to restore the entire Đà Lạt–Tháp Chàm railway to handle both passenger and cargo transportation. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Da_Lat_Railway_VN.jpg" caption="A locomotive travelling on the Thap Cham-Da Lat railway line."] ::

Healthcare

  • Phan Rang–Thap Cham City Medical Center
  • Saigon Phan Rang General Hospital
  • Ninh Thuan Provincial General Hospital
  • Ninh Thuan Provincial Eye Hospital

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Bệnh_viện_tỉnh_Ninh_Thuận.jpg" caption="Ninh Thuan Provincial General Hospital in Van Hai Ward"] ::

Education

In the city, there are 155 educational institutions from preschool to lower secondary school level. There are 7 high schools.

College, university

  • Ninh Thuan Medical Intermediate School.
  • Ninh Thuan Vocational College.
  • Water Resources University - Central Institute of Training and Applied Science.

Notable residents

References

References

  1. (11 November 2024). "ĐỀ ÁN SẮP XẾP ĐƠN VỊ HÀNH CHÍNH CẤP XÃ GIAI ĐOẠN 2023-2025 CỦA THÀNH PHỐ PHÁN RANG – THÁP CHÀM".
  2. (8 October 2020). "Introducing the magic of Phan Rang — Vietnam's 'land of the towers'".
  3. Dokras, Dr Uday. (1 January 2022). "The Ancient City of PANDURANGA in Vietnam". Indo Nordic Author's Collective.
  4. (2009). "Études du corpus des inscriptions du Campa III, Épigraphie du Campa 2009-2010. Prospection sur le terrain, production d'estampages, supplément à l'inventaire". [[Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient]].
  5. Nguyễn, Nhân Thống. (2001). "Nguồn gốc các Địa danh Đà Nẵng – Hội An – Nha Trang – Phan Rang". Tạp chí Ngôn ngữ và Đời sống.
  6. "Brief history of Phan Rang - Thap Cham City".
  7. "Vietnam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration".
  8. NTO. "NTO - Tp. Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm: Đẩy mạnh phát triển kinh tế - xã hội".
  9. baotintuc.vn. (23 February 2024). "Xây dựng Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm thành đô thị trọng tâm liên kết vùng".
  10. VnExpress. "Bánh căn - 'linh hồn' của ẩm thực đất Ninh Thuận".
  11. "Cơ sở hạ tầng -".
  12. (2009). "Vietnam". Lonely Planet.
  13. (7 October 2007). "1928 Thap Cham-Da Lat Railway returns". Vietnamnet.
  14. NTO. "NTO - Ngành Giáo dục và Đào tạo Tp. Phan Rang – Tháp Chàm: Hướng đến nâng cao chất lượng giáo dục toàn diện".
  15. "[https://scholarship.rice.edu/bitstream/handle/1911/71731/wrc03587_xscript.pdf?sequence=2 Al Hoang]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140814100012/https://scholarship.rice.edu/bitstream/handle/1911/71731/wrc03587_xscript.pdf?sequence=2 Archive]). Interview by Quynh Le (Houston Asian American Archives at Rice University Woodson Research Center). Published by [[Rice University]] Chao Center for Asian Studies Houston Asian American Archive. p. 1/19. Retrieved on 7 August 2014.

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populated-places-in-ninh-thuận-provincedistricts-of-ninh-thuận-provinceprovincial-capitals-in-vietnamcities-in-vietnamchams