Phacelia

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Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae

title: "Phacelia" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["phacelia", "boraginales-genera", "garden-plants", "flora-of-the-americas", "taxa-named-by-antoine-laurent-de-jussieu"] description: "Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae" topic_path: "general/phacelia" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phacelia" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of flowering plants in the borage family Boraginaceae ::

|image = Phacelia tanacetifolia 7735.JPG |image_caption = Phacelia tanacetifolia |taxon = Phacelia |authority = Juss. (1789) |type_species = Phacelia secunda |type_species_authority = J.F.Gmel. |diversity = About 200 species |diversity_link = List of Phacelia species |synonyms =

  • Aldea Ruiz & Pav. (1794)
  • Cosmanthus Nolte ex A.DC. (1845)
  • Endiplus Raf. (1818)
  • Eutoca R.Br. (1823)
  • Heteryta Raf. (1808)
  • Howellanthus (Constance) Walden & R.Patt. (2010)
  • Microgenetes A.DC. (1845)
  • Miltitzia A.DC. (1845)
  • Whitlavia Harv. (1846) |synonyms_ref =

Phacelia (phacelia, scorpionweed, heliotrope) is a genus of about 200 species of annual or perennial herbaceous plants in the family Hydrophyllaceae, native to North and South America. California is particularly rich in species with over 90 recorded in the region.

The genus includes both annual and perennial species. Many have been cultivated as garden and honey plants.

The mining bee Andrena phaceliae is a specialist pollinator of this genus in the Eastern United States.

Taxonomy

The genus is traditionally placed at family rank with the waterleafs (Hydrophyllaceae) in the order Boraginales. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, recognizing that the traditional Boraginaceae and Hydrophyllaceae are paraphyletic with respect to each other, merges the latter into the former and considers the family basal in the Euasterids I clade. Other botanists continue to recognize the Hydrophyllaceae and Boraginales after analysing the secondary structure of the ITS1 genetic region rather than its sequence for these higher taxonomic levels. This placed Phacelia within the Hydrophyllaceae. Further molecular taxonomic analysis of the Boraginales has divided the Boraginales in two and placed Phacelia among the monophyletic herbaceous Hydrophyllaceae in Boraginales II. , this placement was accepted by World Flora Online, among other taxonomic databases.

Selected species

Main article: List of Phacelia species

File:Phacelia argentea 3.jpg|Phacelia argentea File:Phacelia bicolor trumpets.jpg|Phacelia bicolor File:Phaceliacalifornica.jpg|Phacelia californica File:Phacelia parryi form.jpg|Phacelia campanularia File:Phacelia congesta.jpg|Phacelia congesta File:Phacelia distans 7904.JPG|Phacelia distans File:Phacelia fremontii 7883.JPG|Phacelia fremontii File:Phacelia hastata large plant.jpg|Phacelia hastata File:Phacelia rotundifolia 3.jpg|Phacelia rotundifolia File:Phacelia secunda.jpg|Phacelia secunda File:Phacelia sericea 5277.JPG|Phacelia sericea File:Phacelia tanacetifolia 7738.JPG|Phacelia tanacetifolia File:Phacelia purshii - Miami Mist.jpg|Phacelia purshii

Dermatitis

There are reports that glandular hairs of stems, flowers and leaves of some species of Phacelia secrete oil droplets that can cause an unpleasant skin rash (contact dermatitis) in some people, specifically from P. brachyloba, P. campanularia, P. crenulata, P. gina-glenneae, P. grandiflora, P. ixodes, P. minor, and P. pedicellata. The major contact allergen of P. crenulata has been identified as geranylhydroquinone and of P. minor as geranylgeranylhydroquinone.

References

References

  1. [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000772-2 ''Phacelia'' Juss.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  2. (2005). "Phylogenetic Relationships within Phacelia subgenus Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae) Inferred From Nuclear rDNA ITS Sequence Data". Systematic Botany.
  3. (2001). "Secondary Structure of the ITS1 Transcript and its Application in a Reconstruction of the Phylogeny of Boraginales". Plant Biology.
  4. (2013). "From capsules to nutlets—phylogenetic relationships in the Boraginales". Cladistics.
  5. "''Phacelia'' Juss..".
  6. (1986). "Unusual contact allergens From plants in the family Hydrophyllaceae". Contact Dermatitis.
  7. (1932). "Dermatitis produced by Phalecia (Hydrophyllaceae)". Science.
  8. Berry, C. Z., et al. (1962). [http://archderm.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=527460 Dermatitis venenata from ''Phacelia crenulata''.] ''Archives of Dermatology'' 85(6), 737-39.
  9. "Service Botanist Discovers Native Colorado Flower".
  10. (1980). "A potent contact allergen of Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae)". Contact Dermatitis.

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