Pentanal

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Organic compound (C4H9CHO)

title: "Pentanal" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["alkanals"] description: "Organic compound (C4H9CHO)" topic_path: "general/alkanals" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentanal" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Organic compound (C4H9CHO) ::

| Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 444044555 | Reference = | ImageFile = Valeraldehyde-Structural Formula V.1.svg | ImageClass = skin-invert-image | ImageAlt = Structural formula of pentanal | ImageFile1 = Pentanaldehyde 3D ball.png | ImageClass1 = bg-transparent | ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model of the pentanal molecule | PIN = Pentanal | OtherNames = Pentanaldehyde Valeraldehyde Valeric aldehyde |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo_Ref = | CASNo = 110-62-3 | PubChem = 8063 | DrugBank_Ref = | DrugBank = DB01919 | UNII_Ref = | UNII = B975S3014W | ChemSpiderID_Ref = | ChemSpiderID = 7772 | ChEBI_Ref = | ChEBI = 84069 | SMILES = O=CCCCC | InChI = 1/C5H10O/c1-2-3-4-5-6/h5H,2-4H2,1H3 | InChIKey = HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYAJ | StdInChI_Ref = | StdInChI = 1S/C5H10O/c1-2-3-4-5-6/h5H,2-4H2,1H3 | StdInChIKey_Ref = | StdInChIKey = HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |UNNumber = 2058 |Section2={{Chembox Properties | C=5 | H=10 | O=1 | Appearance = Clear liquid | Odor = Strong, acrid, pungent | Density = 0.8095 at 20 °C | MeltingPtC = −60 | BoilingPtC = 102 to 103 | Solubility = 14 g/L (20 °C) | Viscosity = 0.6 mPa·s (20 °C) | VaporPressure = 0.35 kPa (20 °C) |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | PEL = none | FlashPtC = 12 | AutoignitionPtC = 220 | FlashPt_ref = | IDLH = N.D. | REL = TWA 50 ppm (175 mg/m3) | GHSPictograms = | NFPA-H = 3 | NFPA-F = 3 | NFPA-I = 0 | ExternalSDS = Fisher Scientific | LD50 = 3200 mg/kg (oral, rat) 4860 mg/kg (dermal, rabbit) | LC50 = 14.3 ppm (rat, 4h) |Section4={{Chembox Related | OtherFunction_label = aldehydes | OtherFunction = Butyraldehyde

Hexanal

Pentanal (also called valeraldehyde) is the organic compound with molecular formula . Classified as an alkyl aldehyde, it is a colorless volatile liquid. Its odor is described as fermented, bready, fruity, nutty, berry.

Production

Pentanal is obtained by hydroformylation of butene. Also C4 mixtures can be used as starting material like the so-called raffinate II, which is produced by steam cracking and contains (Z)- and (E)-2-butene, 1-butene, butane and isobutane. The conversion to the product is accomplished with synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a rhodium-bisphosphite complex and a sterically hindered secondary amine with a selectivity toward pentanal of at least 90%.

Use

Pentanal undergoes the reactions characteristic of any alkyl aldehyde, i.e., oxidations, condensations, and reductions. 2-Octanone, produced for use in the fragrance industry, is obtained by the condensation of acetone and pentanal, followed by hydrogenation of the alkene.

2-Propyl-2-heptenal is obtained from pentanal by aldol condensation, which is hydrogenated to the saturated branched 2-propylheptanol. This alcohol serves as a starting material for the PVC plasticizer di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP).

Pentanal (valeraldehyde) is oxidized to give valeric acid.

References

References

  1. ''Merck Index'', 11th Edition, '''9813'''.
  2. [http://chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/perchem/n-VALERALDEHYDE.htm n-Valeraldehyde] at chemicalland21.com
  3. {{PGCH. 0652
  4. "Valeraldehyde, 110-62-3".
  5. [http://www.freepatentsonline.com/WO2009146985.html Patent WO 2009/146985 der Evonik Oxeno GmbH].
  6. (2000). "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry".
  7. (2002). "Carboxylic Acids, Aliphatic".

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alkanals