Pendleton, Oregon

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title: "Pendleton, Oregon" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["pendleton,-oregon", "1851-establishments-in-oregon-territory", "cities-in-oregon", "cities-in-umatilla-county,-oregon", "county-seats-in-oregon", "pendleton–hermiston-micropolitan-statistical-area", "populated-places-established-in-1851"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendleton,_Oregon" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
official_namePendleton, Oregon
settlement_typeCity
image_skylinePanoramic view of Pendleton, Oregon - June 2024.jpg
image_captionDowntown Pendleton
mottoThe Real West
image_mapUmatilla_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Pendleton_Highlighted.svg
mapsize250px
map_captionLocation of Pendleton in Umatilla County, Oregon (left) and of Umatilla County in Oregon (right)
coordinates
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameUnited States
subdivision_type1State
subdivision_type2County
subdivision_name1Oregon
subdivision_name2Umatilla
established_titleIncorporated
established_date1880
leader_titleMayor
leader_nameMcKennon O’Rourke McDonald
{{cite webtitle
area_footnotes
area_total_km229.81
area_total_sq_mi11.51
area_land_km229.81
area_land_sq_mi11.51
area_water_km20.00
area_water_sq_mi0.00
elevation_footnotes
elevation_ft1099
population_total17107
population_as_of2020
population_footnotes
population_density_km2573.85
population_density_sq_mi1486.27
postal_code_typeZIP Code
postal_code97801
area_codes541 and 458
websitewww.pendleton.or.us
timezonePacific
utc_offset−8
timezone_DSTPacific
utc_offset_DST−7
blank_nameFIPS code
blank_info41-57150
blank1_nameGNIS feature ID
blank1_info2411399
unit_prefImperial
::

| official_name = Pendleton, Oregon | settlement_type = City | imagesize = | image_skyline = Panoramic view of Pendleton, Oregon - June 2024.jpg | image_caption = Downtown Pendleton | image_flag = | image_seal = | nickname = | motto = The Real West | image_map = Umatilla_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Pendleton_Highlighted.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Location of Pendleton in Umatilla County, Oregon (left) and of Umatilla County in Oregon (right) | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name1 = Oregon | subdivision_name2 = Umatilla | established_title = Incorporated | established_date = 1880 | government_type = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = McKennon O’Rourke McDonald | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 29.81 | area_total_sq_mi = 11.51 | area_land_km2 = 29.81 | area_land_sq_mi = 11.51 | area_water_km2 = 0.00 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.00 | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_ft = 1099 | population_total = 17107 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = 573.85 | population_density_sq_mi = 1486.27 | postal_code_type = ZIP Code | postal_code = 97801 | area_codes = 541 and 458 | website = www.pendleton.or.us | footnotes = | timezone = Pacific | utc_offset = −8 | timezone_DST = Pacific | utc_offset_DST = −7 | blank_name = FIPS code | blank_info = 41-57150 | blank1_name = GNIS feature ID | blank1_info = 2411399 | pop_est_footnotes = | unit_pref = Imperial

Pendleton is a city in and the county seat of Umatilla County, Oregon, United States. The population was 17,107 at the time of the 2020 census, which includes approximately 1,600 people who are incarcerated at Eastern Oregon Correctional Institution.

Pendleton is the smaller of the two principal cities of the Hermiston–Pendleton Micropolitan Statistical Area. This micropolitan area covers Morrow and Umatilla counties and had a combined population of 92,261 at the 2020 census.

History

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/US-OR(1891)_p704_PENDLETON.jpg" caption="Pendleton in 1891"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Oregon_-Pendleton-NARA-68147464(cropped).jpg" caption="Aerial view of Pendleton in 1923"] ::

A European-American commercial center began to develop here in 1851, when William C. McKay established a trading post at the mouth of McKay Creek. A United States Post Office named Marshall (for the owner, and sometime gambler, of another local store) was established April 21, 1865, and later renamed Pendleton, after politician and diplomat George H. Pendleton (1825–1889), who served as a U.S. Representative and Senator from Ohio. The city was incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on October 25, 1880.

By 1900, Pendleton had a population of 4,406 and was the fourth-largest city in Oregon. The Pendleton Woolen Mills and Pendleton Round Up became features of the city captured in early paintings by Walter S. Bowman. Like many cities in Eastern Oregon, where thousands of Chinese immigrant workers built the transcontinental railroad, it had a flourishing Chinatown that developed as the workers settled here. The sector is supposed to have been underlain by a network of tunnels, which are now a tourist attraction. The authenticity as a Chinese tunnel system has been questioned.

The town is the cultural center of Eastern Oregon.

The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) have their property nearby. They have established the Wildhorse Resort & Casino and golf course on the reservation to generate revenue for development and welfare. They have also built the Tamástslikt Cultural Institute, for education and interpretation of their cultures.

Economy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Grain_Elevators_(Pendleton,_Oregon).jpg" caption="Grain elevators in Pendleton"] ::

The Pendleton area's economy has become increasingly reliant on lower-wage hospitality industry jobs, with the growth of Wildhorse Resort & Casino offsetting job losses in other sectors. By 2022 nearly 1 in 5 jobs (18%) in the Pendleton zip code were in "Accommodation & Food Services," up from 13% in 2000. This dynamic resulted in annualized job growth of just 0.47% from 2012 to 2022, and showed the exposure to economic downturns inherent in the tourism industry, with net job losses from 2019 to 2022 as the casino struggled through the COVID-19 pandemic. Residents increasingly commute to the Hermiston area where median incomes are higher, and where 91% of job growth in Umatilla County occurred from 2012 to 2022. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Umatilla_County_Employment_2012-2022.jpg" caption="Umatilla County Employment 2012-2022"] ::

Pendleton Woolen Mills is a maker of wool blankets, shirts, and an assortment of other woolen goods. Founded in 1909 by Clarence, Roy and Chauncey Bishop, the company built upon earlier businesses related to the many sheep ranches in the region. A wool-scouring plant opened in Pendleton in 1893 to wash raw wool for shipping. In 1895, the scouring mill was converted into a mill that made wool blankets and robes for Native Americans. Both businesses failed to survive, but the Bishops, with the help of a local bond issue, enlarged the mill and improved its efficiency. They developed a successful line of garments and blankets with "vivid colors and intricate patterns."

St. Anthony Hospital in Pendleton is a 25-bed medical center.

Eastern Oregon Correctional Institution (EOCI) in Pendleton is the only place in Oregon where inmates make "Prison Blues" denim clothing. The prison also operates a commercial laundry serving customers that include EOCI, the Snake River Correctional Institution, Pendleton High School, a local flour mill, and other entities. In addition, some EOCI inmates work as clerks or have jobs in food service or maintenance.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.52 sqmi, all land.

The city was built on both sides of the Umatilla River, which has periodically flooded and caused some damage. In the beginning, the river was vital as a transportation and trading route for settlers, as well as a water and power source. It connected the city to the Columbia River.

Climate

Pendleton has a cool semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk) with short, cool winters and hot summers. Pendleton had the highest temperature recorded in Oregon at 119 °F on August 10, 1898, which was later tied on June 29, 2021, at the Pelton Dam COOP weather station in Jefferson County, and the Moody Farms Agrimet weather station in Wasco County. The highest temperature recorded in Pendleton in recent times was 117 °F on that same June 29, 2021. | location = Pendleton, Oregon (Eastern Oregon Regional Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1892–present | single line = Yes | Jan record high F = 71 | Feb record high F = 76 | Mar record high F = 83 | Apr record high F = 95 | May record high F = 103 | Jun record high F = 117 | Jul record high F = 114 | Aug record high F = 119 | Sep record high F = 104 | Oct record high F = 93 | Nov record high F = 80 | Dec record high F = 75 | Jan avg record high F = 60.7 | Feb avg record high F = 61.6 | Mar avg record high F = 69.4 | Apr avg record high F = 77.4 | May avg record high F = 88.0 | Jun avg record high F = 95.2 | Jul avg record high F = 102.6 | Aug avg record high F = 101.0 | Sep avg record high F = 92.6 | Oct avg record high F = 80.0 | Nov avg record high F = 66.5 | Dec avg record high F = 59.9 | year avg record high F = 104.2 | Jan high F = 41.7 | Feb high F = 46.4 | Mar high F = 55.0 | Apr high F = 61.8 | May high F = 70.9 | Jun high F = 78.4 | Jul high F = 89.2 | Aug high F = 87.6 | Sep high F = 78.0 | Oct high F = 63.5 | Nov high F = 49.1 | Dec high F = 40.8 | year high F = | Jan mean F = 34.9 | Feb mean F = 38.0 | Mar mean F = 44.4 | Apr mean F = 50.1 | May mean F = 57.9 | Jun mean F = 64.6 | Jul mean F = 73.0 | Aug mean F = 71.8 | Sep mean F = 63.5 | Oct mean F = 51.5 | Nov mean F = 40.7 | Dec mean F = 34.2 | year mean F = | Jan low F = 28.0 | Feb low F = 29.6 | Mar low F = 33.7 | Apr low F = 38.3 | May low F = 45.0 | Jun low F = 50.7 | Jul low F = 56.7 | Aug low F = 56.0 | Sep low F = 49.0 | Oct low F = 39.4 | Nov low F = 32.3 | Dec low F = 27.5 | year low F = | Jan avg record low F = 11.7 | Feb avg record low F = 15.8 | Mar avg record low F = 23.1 | Apr avg record low F = 28.5 | May avg record low F = 33.5 | Jun avg record low F = 41.2 | Jul avg record low F = 47.2 | Aug avg record low F = 46.0 | Sep avg record low F = 37.8 | Oct avg record low F = 25.7 | Nov avg record low F = 18.8 | Dec avg record low F = 12.1 | year avg record low F = 3.7 | Jan record low F = -26 | Feb record low F = -21 | Mar record low F = 1 | Apr record low F = 17 | May record low F = 22 | Jun record low F = 30 | Jul record low F = 38 | Aug record low F = 30 | Sep record low F = 21 | Oct record low F = 11 | Nov record low F = -13 | Dec record low F = -28 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation inch = 1.52 | Feb precipitation inch = 1.19 | Mar precipitation inch = 1.33 | Apr precipitation inch = 1.21 | May precipitation inch = 1.45 | Jun precipitation inch = 1.05 | Jul precipitation inch = 0.26 | Aug precipitation inch = 0.31 | Sep precipitation inch = 0.53 | Oct precipitation inch = 1.09 | Nov precipitation inch = 1.39 | Dec precipitation inch = 1.50 | year precipitation inch = | unit precipitation days = 0.01 in | Jan precipitation days = 12.3 | Feb precipitation days = 9.9 | Mar precipitation days = 11.6 | Apr precipitation days = 9.6 | May precipitation days = 9.6 | Jun precipitation days = 6.5 | Jul precipitation days = 2.4 | Aug precipitation days = 2.2 | Sep precipitation days = 3.8 | Oct precipitation days = 8.2 | Nov precipitation days = 11.6 | Dec precipitation days = 12.5 | Jan snow inch = 3.8 | Feb snow inch = 4.5 | Mar snow inch = 0.7 | Apr snow inch = 0.0 | May snow inch = 0.0 | Jun snow inch = 0.0 | Jul snow inch = 0.0 | Aug snow inch = 0.0 | Sep snow inch = 0.0 | Oct snow inch = 0.1 | Nov snow inch = 1.2 | Dec snow inch = 5.4 | year snow inch = | unit snow days = 0.1 in | Jan snow days = 2.9 | Feb snow days = 2.2 | Mar snow days = 1.1 | Apr snow days = 0.0 | May snow days = 0.0 | Jun snow days = 0.0 | Jul snow days = 0.0 | Aug snow days = 0.0 | Sep snow days = 0.0 | Oct snow days = 0.1 | Nov snow days = 1.2 | Dec snow days = 3.7 | source 1 = NOAA |url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00024155&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Pendleton, OR |access-date = April 14, 2023 | source 2 = National Weather Service |url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=pdt |publisher = National Weather Service |title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Pendleton |access-date = April 14, 2023 | source =

Demographics

|1870= 243 |1880= 730 |1890= 2506 |1900= 4406 |1910= 4460 |1920= 6837 |1930= 6621 |1940= 8847 |1950= 11774 |1960= 14434 |1970= 13197 |1980= 14521 |1990= 15126 |2000= 16354 |2010= 16612 |2020= 17107 |footnote=source: | align = right | align-fn = center

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, Pendleton had a population of 17,107 and a median age of 37.8 years. 20.2% of residents were under the age of 18 and 16.5% were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 116.4 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 120.3 males age 18 and over.

99.6% of residents lived in urban areas, while 0.4% lived in rural areas.

There were 6,402 households in Pendleton, of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 39.6% were married-couple households, 19.8% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 30.7% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 6,938 housing units, of which 7.7% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 54.8% were owner-occupied and 45.2% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.0%.

::data[format=table title="Racial composition as of the 2020 census{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=NAME%2CP1_001N%2CP1_003N%2CP1_004N%2CP1_005N%2CP1_006N%2CP1_007N%2CP1_008N%2CP1_009N%2CP2_001N%2CP2_002N%2CH1_001N%2CH1_002N&for=place%3A57150&in=state%3A41|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2021|access-date=January 29, 2026|df=mdy}}"]

RaceNumberPercent
White13,51179.0%
Black or African American2611.5%
American Indian and Alaska Native6713.9%
Asian1981.2%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander360.2%
Some other race1,0376.1%
Two or more races1,3938.1%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)1,95711.4%
::

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 16,612 people, 6,220 households, and 3,789 families residing in the city. The population density was 1579.1 PD/sqmi. There were 6,800 housing units at an average density of 646.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 87.3% White, 1.4% African American, 3.2% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 3.6% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.7% of the population.

There were 6,220 households, of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.1% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.96.

The median age in the city was 36.9 years. 21.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28% were from 25 to 44; 26.3% were from 45 to 64; and 12.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 53.4% male and 46.6% female. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Eastern_Oregon_Correctional_Institution2.jpg" caption="The EOCI prison is one of the largest employers in Pendleton."] ::

2000 census

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $36,800, and the median income for a family was $47,410. Males had a median income of $31,763 versus $23,858 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,551. About 8.7% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.4% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

Annual events

In addition to the woolen mills, Pendleton is also famous for its annual rodeo, the Pendleton Round-Up. First held in 1910, it is part of the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA)-sanctioned rodeo circuit. It is among the top ten PRCA venues in terms of prize money.

Pendleton is also home to the annual Pendleton Whiskey Music Festival https://www.pendletonwhiskymusicfest.com/. This annual event is held in the historic Pendleton Round-up Arena in July. Past performers have included Maroon 5, Toby Keith, Zac Brown Band, Pitbull, Blake Shelton, and Post Malone.

The Festival of Trees is held in early December each year. It is a fundraising event produced by the St. Anthony Hospital Foundation.

Museums and other points of interest

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Rainbow_Cafe_exterior_in_downtown_Pendleton,_OR.jpg" caption="Historic Rainbow Cafe in downtown Pendleton (before 2006 façade restoration)"] ::

Local arts institutions include the Pendleton Center for the Arts (in the town's old Carnegie Library building) and Crow's Shadow Institute of the Arts on the nearby Umatilla Indian Reservation.

The Heritage Station Museum operated by the Umatilla County Historical Society is located in the historic 1909 Pendleton Train Depot. The museum offers two galleries covering regional and local history as well as a one-room schoolhouse, family cabin, caboose, barn, and signal house.

The Pendleton Farmers' Market operates on Friday evenings from May through October on South Main Street.

Pendleton Underground Tours features the history of Pendleton and a tour through the tunnels and the brothels. It is open year-round.

Sports and recreation

The city hosts the annual Oregon School Activities Association 2A basketball tournament at the Pendleton Convention Center. Eight teams of boys and eight of girls compete for their respective championships during a four-day tournament. Civic leaders regard the influx of family and other fans the second-most important boost to the local economy, behind the Round-Up. Total attendance at the tournament in 2010 exceeded 13,000.

The Pendleton Aquatic Center, managed by Pendleton Parks & Recreation, features two tower water slides as well tubes and smaller slides, three pools, a diving well, and picnic areas. The aquatic center is adjacent to the high school.

Transportation

Highways serving Pendleton include Interstate 84 and U.S. Route 30 running east–west and U.S. Route 395 running north–south. The city is also served by Oregon Route 37 and Oregon Route 11.

Pendleton lies along the Union Pacific Railroad (UP), constructed originally through the area in the 1880s by the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company (OR&N). In 1880, the OR&N began construction of a rail line from Portland through the Columbia Gorge to eastern Oregon. It reached Umatilla and Wallula in 1881, Pendleton in 1882, and then La Grande, Baker City, and Huntington, where by 1884 it met the UP line from Utah. Since Pendleton was also connected by rail to the Northern Pacific line at Wallula and Walla Walla, by 1885 it was a stop on two transcontinental lines. The UP absorbed the OR&N line in 1889.

Between 1977 and 1997, the city was a regular stop along the former route of Amtrak's Pioneer between Chicago and Seattle via Salt Lake City and Portland.

Regional public aviation service is through Eastern Oregon Regional Airport, 3 mi outside Pendleton. The airport is owned by the City of Pendleton. Boutique Air offers daily flights between Pendleton and Portland, which began in 2016.

Media

Two newspapers are published in Pendleton. The East Oregonian is a daily with a circulation of about 6,800. The Pendleton Record is a weekly with a circulation of about 900.

KFFX-TV (Fox 11), a television station based in Pendleton, serves a market that also includes the Washington cities of Yakima, Pasco, Richland, and Kennewick. Oregon radio stations based in or near Pendleton include: KTIX (); KUMA (); OPB station KRBM (); KLKY () with translator K237DS (); KNHK-FM (101.9) with translator K262CJ (); KWHT (); and KWVN-FM (107.7).

Notable people

· Only people who already have a Wikipedia article should appear here. This establishes notability. Each entry should include an inline citation to a reliable source supporting the claims. · The biographical article should mention how the person is associated with Pendleton, whether born, raised, or residing. · The fact of the person's association should have a reliable source cited. · Alphabetical by last name, please. · All others will be deleted.

Sister cities

Pendleton has a sister city relationship with Marikina, a municipality-turned-city in the Philippines. The relationship was established in 1971 when then mayor Eddie O. Knopp and Marikina mayor Osmundo de Guzman had their daughters temporarily switch schools in their respective towns. By 1974, Knopp visited Marikina after Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos declared a nationwide martial law two years prior, and expressed that based on the "excellent peace and order situation" he saw while in the country, the United States could try implementing martial law in towns rampant with violence and crime.

Another sister city of Pendleton is the town of Minamisōma, in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Minamisoma is 16 mi north of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, which was damaged by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Since then, Japanese exchange students from Minamisoma have continued to visit Pendleton, though students from Pendleton have stopped visiting Minamisoma over growing radiation concerns.

References

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pendleton,-oregon1851-establishments-in-oregon-territorycities-in-oregoncities-in-umatilla-county,-oregoncounty-seats-in-oregonpendleton–hermiston-micropolitan-statistical-areapopulated-places-established-in-1851