PDLIM3

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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

title: "PDLIM3" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public description: "Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens" topic_path: "uncategorized" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDLIM3" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens ::

Actin-associated LIM protein (ALP), also known as PDZ and LIM domain protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDLIM3 gene. ALP is highly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle, where it localizes to Z-discs and intercalated discs. ALP functions to enhance the crosslinking of actin by alpha-actinin-2 and also appears to be essential for right ventricular chamber formation and contractile function.

Structure

ALP exists primarily as two alternatively spliced variants; a 39.2 kDa (364 amino acids) protein in skeletal muscle and a 34.3 kDa (316 amino acids) protein in cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. ALP has a N-terminal PDZ domain and a C-terminal LIM domain. In addition, the ALP subfamily contains a specific 34 amino acid domain named the ALP-like motif, containing protein kinase C consensus sequences. The PDZ domain of ALP binds to alpha actinin-2, specifically to its spectrin-like repeats. The PDZ domain is a motif composed of 80-120 amino acids with conserved four residue GLGF sequences that typically interact with C-termini of cytoskeletal proteins. The region of heterogeneity in the two isoforms is between the PDZ domain and LIM domain. ALP is localized to chromosome 4q35. It has been shown that deletion of muscleblind-like 1 in mice can alter the splicing pattern of PDLIM3.

Function

Studies have shown that ALP is present at the first stage of myofibrilogenesis where it is bound to alpha actinin-2, and this association remains intact in mature myofibrils where ALP is localized to Z-discs and intercalated discs. Alpha actinin-2 is however not required for targeting ALP to Z-lines. Studies in ALP knockout mice have shown that ALP facilitates the cross-linking of actin filaments by alpha actinin-2, and absence of ALP induces abnormal right ventricular chamber formation, dysplasia and cardiomyopathy. Further studies using right ventricular epicardial systolic strain and geometric remodeling analysis in these animals unveiled that absence of ALP diminishes right ventricular contractile function and alters the pattern of cardiac hypertrophic remodeling. Two studies using integrative genomic approaches to investigate genetic modifiers of collagen deposition or intrinsic aerobic running capacity (ARC) have mapped PDLIM3 to respective quantitative trait loci, suggesting that ALP may be involved in molecular networks related to these cardiac phenomena.

Clinical significance

Chromosome 4 pericentric inversion has been observed in 10 patients, with associated cardiac defects linked to terminal 4q35.1 deletions, which may affect PDLIM3.

Interactions

ALP interacts with:

References

References

  1. (Jan 1999). "Exclusion of muscle specific actinin-associated LIM protein (ALP) gene from 4q35 facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) candidate genes". Neuromuscular Disorders.
  2. (Jun 1996). "Novel gene transcripts preferentially expressed in human muscles revealed by quantitative hybridization of a high density cDNA array". Genome Research.
  3. "Entrez Gene: PDLIM3 PDZ and LIM domain 3".
  4. "Protein sequence for human PDZ and LIM domain protein 3 (Uniprot: Q53GG5-2)".
  5. "Protein sequence for human PDZ and LIM domain protein 3 (Uniprot: Q53GG5)".
  6. (Oct 1999). "Purification and characterization of an alpha-actinin-binding PDZ-LIM protein that is up-regulated during muscle differentiation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  7. (7 February 2007). "Insights into the molecular evolution of the PDZ/LIM family and identification of a novel conserved protein motif". PLOS ONE.
  8. (Oct 1997). "Actinin-associated LIM protein: identification of a domain interaction between PDZ and spectrin-like repeat motifs". The Journal of Cell Biology.
  9. (Mar 1995). "DHR domains in syntrophins, neuronal NO synthases and other intracellular proteins". Trends in Biochemical Sciences.
  10. (12 March 2015). "Loss of muscleblind-like 1 results in cardiac pathology and persistence of embryonic splice isoforms". Scientific Reports.
  11. (Mar 2003). "ALP and MLP distribution during myofibrillogenesis in cultured cardiomyocytes". Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton.
  12. (May 2001). "Adult mice deficient in actinin-associated LIM-domain protein reveal a developmental pathway for right ventricular cardiomyopathy". Nature Medicine.
  13. (Jul 2005). "Deficiency of actinin-associated LIM protein alters regional right ventricular function and hypertrophic remodeling". Annals of Biomedical Engineering.
  14. (Dec 2014). "Integrative genomic approach identifies multiple genes involved in cardiac collagen deposition". Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics.
  15. (Sep 2005). "Gene expression profiling of the left ventricles in a rat model of intrinsic aerobic running capacity". Physiological Genomics.
  16. (Feb 2009). "Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a 4p15.1-pter duplication and a 4q35.1-qter deletion in a recombinant of chromosome 4 pericentric inversion". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A.

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