Panicoideae

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Subfamily of plants

title: "Panicoideae" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["panicoideae", "poaceae-subfamilies"] description: "Subfamily of plants" topic_path: "general/panicoideae" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panicoideae" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Subfamily of plants ::

|image = Tonomine_highland_Kamikawa_Hyogo_pref_Japan07n.jpg |image_caption = Miscanthus sinensis in Tonomine Highlands, Japan |taxon = Panicoideae |authority = A.Braun (1864) |subdivision_ranks = Tribes |subdivision = 12 tribes, see text |synonyms =

  • Andropogonoideae Rouy (1913)
  • Centothecoideae Soderst. (1981)
  • Andropogineae Burmeist. (1837, unranked)
  • Paniceae Burmeist. (1837, unranked)
  • Paniceae Link (1827, unranked)
  • Rottboëllaceae Burmeist. (1837, unranked) |synonyms_ref =

Panicoideae is the second-largest subfamily of the grasses with over 3,500 species, mainly distributed in warm temperate and tropical regions. It comprises some important agricultural crops, including sugarcane, maize (or corn), millet, sorghum, and switchgrass.

C4 photosynthesis evolved independently a number of times in the subfamily, which presumably had a C3 ancestor.

Description

The ligule has a fringe of hairs. The inflorescence is branched around a common axis. The spikelets are all alike with two bisexual florets that are joined below the glumes (the outer floral envelopes). The lower glume is shorter than the spikelet.

Systematics and taxonomy

Within the PACMAD clade of grasses, the Panicoideae are sister to a clade made of the four subfamilies Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Danthonioideae, and Micrairoideae. A modern phylogenetic classification divides the Panicoideae in twelve tribes corresponding to monophyletic clades; two genera, Chandrasekharania and Jansenella, are unplaced (incertae sedis) but probably belong to tribe Tristachyideae. The three largest tribes, Paniceae, Paspaleae, and Andropogoneae, together with the small Arundinelleae, form the core of the subfamily. The Gynerieae were formerly placed in Arundinoideae, and the basal lineage, the "centothecoid clade" with seven tribes, was formerly seen as separate subfamily, Centothecoideae.

Phylogeny based on chloroplast DNA analyses, showing relationships of tribes within the subfamily (dashed lines indicate uncertain positions; C4 clades flagged):

|label1 = Panicoideae |1={{clade |label1="centothecoid clade" |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Chasmanthieae |2=Zeugiteae |2={{clade |1={{clade |state1=dashed |1=Steyermarkochloeae |2=Tristachyideae C4 |2={{clade |1=Centotheceae |2={{clade |1=Cyperochloeae |2=Thysanolaeneae |2={{clade |1=Gynerieae |2={{clade |1=Paniceae C3 & C4 |2={{clade |state1=dashed |1=Lecomtelleae |label2=Andropogonodae |2={{clade |1=Paspaleae C3 & C4 |2={{clade |1=Andropogoneae C4 |2=Arundinelleae C4

Gallery

File:Chasmanthium_latifolium_Boyle_Park.jpg|alt=Grass with large, flat spikelets|Woodoats (Chasmanthium latifolium, Chasmanthieae) File:Flickr_-João_de_Deus_Medeiros-_Loudetiopsis_chrysothrix.jpg|alt=Dry grass spikelets|Spikelets of Loudetiopsis chrysothrix (Tristachyideae) File:Gynerium_sagittatum_3.jpg|alt=Tall grass plants resembling cane|Gynerium sagittatum File:Pennisetum villosum 002.jpg|alt=A feathery inflorescence of dense spikelets|Feathertop grass (Pennisetum villosum, Paniceae) File:Corncobs.jpg|alt=Maize cobs in different colours|Cultivated maize or corn (Zea mays, Andropogoneae)

References

References

  1. Koekemoer, Marinda. (2014). "Guide to plant families of southern Africa".
  2. (2013). "Phylogenomics and taxonomy of Lecomtelleae (Poaceae), an isolated panicoid lineage from Madagascar". Annals of Botany.
  3. Grass Phylogeny Working Group II. (2012). "New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C4 origins". New Phytologist.
  4. (2012). "Phylogeny of the Paniceae (Poaceae: Panicoideae): integrating plastid DNA sequences and morphology into a new classification". Cladistics.
  5. (2015). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution.

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