Oti language

Quality 0.50 · 2 views · Updated 2 months ago

Extinct language isolate of Brazil

title: "Oti language" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["languages-of-brazil", "indigenous-languages-of-south-america-(central)", "languages-extinct-in-the-20th-century"] description: "Extinct language isolate of Brazil" topic_path: "linguistics" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oti_language" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Extinct language isolate of Brazil ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox language"]

FieldValue
nameOtí
nativenameOtí
statesBrazil
regionState of São Paulo, Paranapanema River basin
extinctearly 20th century
familycolorAmerican
familyLanguage isolate
iso3oti
glottootii1244
glottorefnameOti
ethnicityOtí
mapOti language map.svg
mapcaptionMap of the Otí language
altnameChavante, Xavante
::

| name = Otí | nativename = Otí | states = Brazil | region = State of São Paulo, Paranapanema River basin | extinct = early 20th century | familycolor = American | family = Language isolate | iso3 = oti | glotto = otii1244 | glottorefname = Oti | ethnicity = Otí | map = Oti language map.svg | mapcaption = Map of the Otí language | altname = Chavante, Xavante

The Otí language, also known as Chavante or Euchavante, is a language isolate once spoken in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between the Peixe and Pardo rivers. The language became extinct at the beginning of the 20th century. Only a few wordlists are preserved, and Campbell leaves it unclassified due to a paucity of information.

Greenberg classified Oti as a Macro-Ge language, but he provided almost no supporting data and has not been followed by other researchers.

History

The Oti were largely exterminated in the late 19th century out of fear that they were Kaingang. Nimuendajú estimated that there were some 50 Oti in 1890. By 1903, there were only 8, divided between two locations, one a few kilometers east of Indiana and east of Presidente Prudente, between the Peixe and Paranapanema rivers, and one in Platina, some 50 km northwest of Ourinhos. The traditional Oti lands up to 1870 had been located between these two places. In 1988, the last Oti died.

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968)

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.

:{| class="wikitable" ! gloss !! Otí |- | hand || insua |- | fire || úgide |- | stone || racha |- | sun || isken |- | moon || kuyade |- | earth || biroa |- | jaguar || kuatá |- | fish || eredehe |- | house || gobx |- | bow || iñesteku |}

Nikulin (2020)

Some Otí words given by Nikulin (2020), cited from Quadros (1892), Borba (1908: 73–76), and Nimuendajú in Ihering (1912: 8). For the original word lists by Quadros (1892) and Borba (1908), see the corresponding Portuguese article.

:{| class="wikitable sortable" ! Portuguese gloss (original) !! English gloss (translated) !! Otí |- | cabeça || head || ursube; ufúbe |- | cabelo || hair || eteche; naôdj |- | olho || eye || acli, athli |- | orelha || ear || aconxe; acóti; kō's(h)a |- | nariz || nose || assondlaibe; sonduái |- | dente || tooth || vê; ûa |- | boca || mouth || afót |- | peito || chest || instúa |- | mão || hand || insua |- | pé || foot || jube; fum |- | sangue || blood || astaete |- | água || water || ocochia; kos(h)îa; diélsede |- | fogo || fire || iná; achô; úgide |- | árvore || tree || tajane |- | terra || earth || biroa |- | pedra || stone || rátcha |- | chuva || rain || chanin; béia |- | sente-se! || sit down! || roiábe |- | deite fora! (?) || throw it away! (?) || bója |}These wordlists are also reproduced in Ihering (1903).

References

References

  1. Lyle Campbell, 1997. ''American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN. 0195094271
  2. "Glottolog 5.1 - Oti".
  3. Campbell, Lyle. (2012-01-13). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". DE GRUYTER.
  4. Aryon Rodrigues, "Macro-Jê", in RMW Dixon, 1999, ''The Amazonian Languages''
  5. Ute Ritz-Deutch, 2008. ''Alberto Vojtech Fric, the German Diaspora, and Indian Protection in Southern Brazil, 1900–1920''
  6. Nimuendajú, Curt 1942. ''The Šerente.'' Los Angeles.
  7. Fabre (2009)
  8. CEDI 1991. ''Oti-Xavante.'' CEDI 1991: 580–581.
  9. Loukotka, Čestmír. (1968). "Classification of South American Indian languages". UCLA Latin American Center.
  10. Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. ''[http://etnolinguistica.org/local--files/tese%3Anikulin-2020/Nikulin_2020_Proto-Macro-Je.pdf Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo]''. Tese de Doutorado em Linguística, Universidade de Brasília.
  11. Quadros, F. R. E. [http://www.etnolinguistica.org/local--files/biblio:quadros-1892-memoria/quadros_1892_memoria.pdf Memoria sobre os trabalhos de exploração e observação efetuada pela secção da comissão militar encarregada da linha telegráfica de Uberaba a Cuiabá, de fevereiro a junho de 1889]. ''Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro'', Rio de Janeiro, v. 55, n. 1, p. 233–260, 1892.
  12. Borba, T. [http://www.etnolinguistica.org/local--files/biblio:borba-1908-actualidade/borba_1908_actualidade_google.pdf ''Actualidade Indígena (Paraná, Brazil)''.] Curitiba: Impressora Paranaense, 1908. 171 pp.
  13. Ihering, H. von. [http://www.etnolinguistica.org/local--files/biblio:ihering-1912-a-ethnographia/ihering_1912_a_ethnographia.pdf A ethnographia do Brazil meridional.] Extracto de las ''Actas del XVII° Congreso Internacional de Americanistas'', pág. 250 y siguientes. Buenos Aires: Imprenta de Coni Hermanos, 1912.
  14. von Ihering, Hermann. (1903). "The Anthropology of the State of São Paulo, Brazil". Duprat & Comp..

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::

languages-of-brazilindigenous-languages-of-south-america-(central)languages-extinct-in-the-20th-century