Ordu

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title: "Ordu" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["ordu", "populated-places-in-ordu-province", "black-sea-port-cities-and-towns-in-turkey", "populated-coastal-places-in-turkey", "greek-colonies-in-pontus"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordu" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
settlement_typeCity
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameTurkey
timezoneTRT
utc_offset+3
official_nameOrdu
image_skyline{{multiple image
image1Ordu, Turkey.JPG
image2Taşbaşı Kilise'sinin genel görünümü.jpg
image3Orducitycenter.jpg
image4OrduSeaside.jpg
image5Ordu Boztepe Ropeway, „Batumi“ cabin.JPG
image6Yason Kilisesi, Ordu, 2023.jpg
image_captionFrom top: View from Boztepe, Taşbaşı Church, Ordu city center, Ordu seaside, Ordu Boztepe Ropeway, Iason Church
blank_emblem_typeEmblem of Ordu
subdivision_type1Region
subdivision_name1Black Sea
subdivision_type2Province
subdivision_name2Ordu
population_footnotes
population_urban235.096
population_as_of2023
blank1_nameClimate
blank1_infoCfa
elevation_m5
pushpin_mapTurkey#Black Sea#Europe
pushpin_map_captionLocation of Ordu within Turkey
pushpin_mapsize250px
coordinates
postal_code_typePostal code
postal_code52xxx
area_code0452
blank_info52
blank_nameLicence plate
leader_titleMayor
leader_nameMehmet Hilmi Güler
leader_partyAK Party
::

| settlement_type = City | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Turkey | timezone = TRT | utc_offset = +3 | official_name = Ordu | image_skyline = {{multiple image|total_width=280px|perrow=1/2/2/2|border=infobox | image1 = Ordu, Turkey.JPG | alt1 = | image2 = Taşbaşı Kilise'sinin genel görünümü.jpg | alt2 = | image3 = Orducitycenter.jpg | alt3 = | image4 = OrduSeaside.jpg | alt4 = | image5 = Ordu Boztepe Ropeway, „Batumi“ cabin.JPG | alt5 = | image6 = Yason Kilisesi, Ordu, 2023.jpg | alt6 = | image7 = | alt7 = | image_caption = From top: View from Boztepe, Taşbaşı Church, Ordu city center, Ordu seaside, Ordu Boztepe Ropeway, Iason Church | imagesize = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = Emblem of Ordu | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Black Sea | subdivision_type2 = Province | subdivision_name2 = Ordu | population_footnotes = | population_urban = 235.096 | population_as_of = 2023 | blank1_name = Climate | blank1_info = Cfa | elevation_m = 5 | pushpin_map = Turkey#Black Sea#Europe | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Ordu within Turkey | pushpin_mapsize = 250px | coordinates = | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 52xxx | area_code = 0452 | blank_info = 52 | blank_name = Licence plate| | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Mehmet Hilmi Güler | leader_party = AK Party | website = | name =

Ordu () or Altınordu is a port city on the Black Sea coast of Turkey and the capital of Ordu Province. The city forms the urban part of the Altınordu district, with a population of 235,096 in 2023.

Name

Özhan Öztürk wrote that the name is allegedly composed of an old Laz language word for pottery ('Koto', similar to Mingrelian 'Koto', Georgian 'Kotani' and Laz 'Katana') and a common Kartvelian suffix indicating belonging ('Uri'). In Zan (aka Colchian) Kotyora means a place where pottery is made. This point is supported with several other Kartvelian place names existing in the region as well as the region itself historically being known as Djanik (Djani being another name for Laz).

Ancient Greek and Roman sources called the city Cotyora or Kotyora or Cotyorum ().

The contemporary name of Ordu meaning 'army camp' in Ottoman Turkish was adopted during the Ottoman Empire because of an army outpost being located near the present day city.

History

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Ordu-osmanli-kotyora.jpg" caption="The city during the Ottoman era"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/OrduSeaside.jpg" caption="Ordu coast and ''Boztepe'' hill"] ::

In the 8th century BC, Cotyora (Κοτύωρα) was founded by the Miletians as one of a string of colonies along the Black Sea coast. The town lay on a bay that shared its name, having been named after the town. Xenophon's Anabasis states that the city was a colony of Sinop, and that the Ten Thousand rested there for 45 days before embarking for home. Xenophon also mentioned that when the Ten Thousand reached Cotyora, ambassadors arrived from Sinope, expressing their fears. They explained that not only did the city belong to them, but the entire area as well. The ambassadors were worried that the army might lay waste to the area and thus talked with the soldiers. Diodorus Siculus also wrote that it was a colony founded by the Sinopians. Strabo writes that Cotyora sent people το establish the colony of Pharnacia, but his words do not rule out the possibility that other towns also contributed. Under Pharnaces I of Pontus, Cotyora was united in a synoikismos with Cerasus. Arrian, in the Periplus of the Euxine Sea (131 CE), describes it as a village "and not a large one." Ptolemy, in his Geography, referred to it as Kyteoron or Cyteoron (Κυτέωρον), a corruption of the original name, and noted that it was located within the region of Polemonian Pontos, one of the administrative subdivisions of Pontus during the Roman period. Stephanus of Byzantium referred to the town as Cotyora. Suda write that it was also called Cytora or Kytora (Κύτωρα).

The area came under the control of the Danishmends, then the Seljuk Turks in 1214 and 1228, and the Hacıemiroğulları Beylik in 1346. Afterwards, it passed to the dominion of the Ottomans in 1461 along with the Empire of Trebizond.

The modern city was founded by the Ottomans as Bayramlı near Eskipazar as a military outpost 5 km west of Ordu.

In 1869, the city's name was changed to Ordu and it was united with the districts of Bolaman, Perşembe, Ulubey, Hansamana (Gölköy), and Aybastı. At the turn of the 20th century, the city was more than half Christian (Greek and Armenian), and was known for its Greek schools.

On 4 April 1921, Ordu province was created by separating from Trebizond Vilayet.

Archaeology

In 2016, archaeologist discovered a marble statue of Cybele. In 2018, at the same site, they also discovered sculptures of Pan and Dionysus. In 2021, archaeologists complained because a stone quarry used dynamite destroying some of the rock tombs.

In December 2021, archaeologists announced 1600 year-old eight tombs in the Kurtulus district of Ordu. Researchers also uncovered human and animal remains, many pieces of jewelry made of gold, sardine stone, silver, glass, and bronze, a glass bottle and beads. In the same area researchers unearthed a Byzantine monastery church and they determined it was dedicated to the Emperor Constantine and his mother Helena.

Ordu today

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Orducitycenter3.jpg" caption="Old houses in Taşbaşı/Altınordu."] ::

The Sağra factory shop, selling many varieties of chocolate-covered hazelnuts, is one of the town's attractions.

The Boztepe aerial tramway is another popular attraction which is set to become a modern symbol for the city.

Local music is typical of the Black Sea region, including the kemençe. The cuisine is primarily based on local vegetables and includes both typical Turkish dishes — such as pide and kebab — and more interesting fare such as plain or caramel 'burnt ice-cream'.

Economy

Ordu is one of the provinces where hazelnuts are grown the most in Turkey. Ordu is famous for hazelnuts, producing about 25 percent of the worldwide crop. The province relies on the crop for up to 80% of its economic activity. Turkey as a whole produces about 75 percent of the world's hazelnuts. As of 1920, Ordu was one of the few producers of white green beans, which were exported to Europe. Ordu also had mulberry tree plantations for sericulture. Today, the city is partially industrialized and a member of the Anatolian Tigers with its 7 companies.

Places of interest

  • Paşaoğlu Konağı and Ethnographic museum – an ethnographic museum.
  • Taşbaşı Cultural Centre – a cultural centre
  • Boztepe – a hill of 550 m overlooking the town from the west. Since June 2012, an aerial lift system provides an easy way of transportation between the city's coastline and the hilltop. The Ordu Boztepe Gondola can transport hourly 900 passengers up to the hilltop in 6.5 minutes.
  • Old Houses of Ordu in the old city center
  • Yalı Camii, also called Aziziye Camii – a mosque
  • Atik İbrahim Paşa Camii, also called Orta Cami – a mosque built in 1770
  • Eski Pazar Camii – a mosque with adjoining Turkish baths
  • Efirli Camii – a mosque
  • Cape Jason is an Archaeological site and a small peninsula facing the sea. Its name is derived from the Mythological leader Jason of the Argonauts.

Sports

The city is the home of the Orduspor football club. Its base is the 19 Eylül Stadium in the heart of the city. Orduspor football team has played in the Super League of Turkey several seasons. The club also has a basketball team.

International relations

Ordu is twinned with: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Ordu_taşbaşı_kilisesi.jpg" caption="Taşbaşı Church during the winter."] ::

Climate

Ordu has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cf), like most of the eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey. It experiences warm summers, cool winters, and plentiful precipitation throughout the year, which is heaviest in autumn and winter.

Snowfall is occasional between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two, and it can be heavy once it snows.

The water temperature, like in the rest of the Black Sea coast of Turkey, is always cool and fluctuates between 8 and throughout the year.

|metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Ordu (1991–2020, extremes 1959–present) |Jan record high C = 25.8 |Feb record high C = 28.3 |Mar record high C = 34.8 |Apr record high C = 36.8 |May record high C = 35.6 |Jun record high C = 37.3 |Jul record high C = 37.1 |Aug record high C = 36.3 |Sep record high C = 36.4 |Oct record high C = 34.2 |Nov record high C = 32.4 |Dec record high C = 29.7 |year record high C = 37.3 |Jan high C = 11.2 |Feb high C = 11.4 |Mar high C = 12.8 |Apr high C = 15.4 |May high C = 19.8 |Jun high C = 24.8 |Jul high C = 27.7 |Aug high C = 28.5 |Sep high C = 25.2 |Oct high C = 21.1 |Nov high C = 16.7 |Dec high C = 13.2 |year high C = 19.0 |Jan mean C = 7.3 |Feb mean C = 7.2 |Mar mean C = 8.7 |Apr mean C = 11.5 |May mean C = 16.1 |Jun mean C = 21.0 |Jul mean C = 23.9 |Aug mean C = 24.5 |Sep mean C = 21.0 |Oct mean C = 17.0 |Nov mean C = 12.3 |Dec mean C = 9.1 |year mean C = 15.0 |Jan low C = 4.4 |Feb low C = 4.2 |Mar low C = 5.7 |Apr low C = 8.5 |May low C = 13.0 |Jun low C = 17.4 |Jul low C = 20.4 |Aug low C = 21.1 |Sep low C = 17.6 |Oct low C = 13.9 |Nov low C = 9.1 |Dec low C = 6.2 |year low C = 11.8 |Jan record low C = -7.2 |Feb record low C = -6.7 |Mar record low C = -4.7 |Apr record low C = -1.4 |May record low C = 3.4 |Jun record low C = 8.4 |Jul record low C = 12.6 |Aug record low C = 13.0 |Sep record low C = 8.2 |Oct record low C = 2.5 |Nov record low C = -1.5 |Dec record low C = -3.2 |year record low C = -7.2 |Jan precipitation mm = 108.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 84.9 |Mar precipitation mm = 86.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 66.5 |May precipitation mm = 61.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 70.3 |Jul precipitation mm = 58.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 67.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 88.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 134.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 128.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 109.2 |year precipitation mm = 1066.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation days = 15.03 |Feb precipitation days = 14.13 |Mar precipitation days = 16.63 |Apr precipitation days = 14.37 |May precipitation days = 13.63 |Jun precipitation days = 11.37 |Jul precipitation days = 9.63 |Aug precipitation days = 9.80 |Sep precipitation days = 12.63 |Oct precipitation days = 15.07 |Nov precipitation days = 13.07 |Dec precipitation days = 14.70 |year precipitation days = 160.1 |Jan humidity=66.8 |Feb humidity=67.8 |Mar humidity=70.9 |Apr humidity=73.7 |May humidity=74.8 |Jun humidity=71.1 |Jul humidity=70.5 |Aug humidity=70.9 |Sep humidity=71.6 |Oct humidity=73.4 |Nov humidity=69.0 |Dec humidity=66.7 |year humidity=70.6 |Jan sun = 69.6 |Feb sun = 84.2 |Mar sun = 99.7 |Apr sun = 134.6 |May sun = 169.7 |Jun sun = 194.4 |Jul sun = 188.6 |Aug sun = 184.4 |Sep sun = 148.4 |Oct sun = 120.8 |Nov sun = 99.5 |Dec sun = 69.0 |year sun = 1563.0 |Jand sun = 2.3 |Febd sun = 3.0 |Mard sun = 3.2 |Aprd sun = 4.5 |Mayd sun = 5.5 |Jund sun = 6.5 |Juld sun = 6.1 |Augd sun = 6.0 |Sepd sun = 5.0 |Octd sun = 3.9 |Novd sun = 3.4 |Decd sun = 2.2 |yeard sun = 4.3 |source 1 = Turkish State Meteorological Service{{cite web | url = https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=H&m=ORDU | title = Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020) | publisher = Turkish State Meteorological Service | language = tr | access-date = 3 October 2023}} |source 2 = NOAA (humidity, sun 1991-2020){{cite web | url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Bursa_17116.csv | title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Bursa | publisher = National centers for Environmental Information |format=CSV | access-date = 2 August 2023}}

Notable people from Ordu

Mayors of Ordu metropolitan municipality

Sport in Ordu

References

References

  1. "Ordu".
  2. Özhan Öztürk. Pontus, Antikçağ'dan Günümüze Karadeniz'in Etnik ve Siyasi Tarihi, Genesis Yayınları. Ankara 2011, S.492
  3. Özhan Öztürk. Pontus, Antikçağ'dan Günümüze Karadeniz'in Etnik ve Siyasi Tarihi. Genesis Yayınları. Ankara 2011. S.566
  4. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=6:chapter=4 Pliny the Elder, The Natural History]
  5. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=6:chapter=4#note9 Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, note 9]
  6. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0202%3Abook%3D5%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D3 Xenophon, Anabasis, 5.5.3]
  7. Olshausen, Eckart, "Cotyora" in ''Brill's New Pauly, Antiquity'' {{doi. 10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e621460
  8. ''Anabasis'' V.5.3f
  9. ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica Eleventh Edition]]'', ''s.v.'' Ordu
  10. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0202%3Abook%3D5%3Achapter%3D5%3Asection%3D7 Xenophon, Anabasis, 5.5.7]
  11. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.perseus-grc3:14.31 Diodorus Siculus, Library, § 14.31.1]
  12. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0239%3Abook%3D12%3Achapter%3D3 Strabo, Geography, 12.3]
  13. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=cerasus-geo Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Cerasus]
  14. 16.3 Translated in ''Arrian: Periplus Ponti Euxini'', edited and translated by Aidan Liddle (London: Bristol Classical Press, 2003), p. 75
  15. [https://topostext.org/work/209#5.6.4 Ptolemaeus, Geography, 5.6.4 - topostext]
  16. [https://archive.org/details/claudiiptolemaei02ptol/page/26/mode/2up Ptolemaeus, Geography, p.26]
  17. [https://topostext.org/work/241#K379.15 Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica]
  18. [https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/kappa/2170 Suda, ka.2170]
  19. "Ordu ili tarihi".
  20. "Karadeniz Ansiklopedisi: Ordu maddesi".
  21. [https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/photo-dionysus-pan-sculptures-found-at-site-of-2-100-year-old-goddess-kybele-in-northern-turkey-135243#photo-1 Dionysus, Pan sculptures found at site of 2,100-year-old goddess Kybele in northern Turkey]
  22. [https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ancient-castle-under-threat-of-quarry-164121 Ancient castle under threat of quarry]
  23. "4th-century tombs unearthed near Turkey's Black Sea coast".
  24. "1,600-Year-Old Tombs Uncovered in Northern Turkey - Archaeology Magazine".
  25. "Archeologists discover Byzantine abbey in Ordu".
  26. (21 November 2021). "Döviz düşerken fındık fiyatı da düştü". Gazete Banka.
  27. (22 August 2015). "This small Turkish town grows a quarter of the world's hazelnuts".
  28. Prothero, W.G.. (1920). "Armenia and Kurdistan". H.M. Stationery Office.
  29. Prothero, W.G.. (1920). "Armenia and Kurdistan". H.M. Stationery Office.
  30. "GD8 Ordu-Boztepe – References – Company – LEITNER ropeways".
  31. (27 August 2013). "Tatilden dersler aldık". Erzurum Flaş.
  32. "Batumi – Twin Towns & Sister Cities". Batumi City Hall.
  33. "Twin-cities of Azerbaijan". Azerbaijans.com.

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ordupopulated-places-in-ordu-provinceblack-sea-port-cities-and-towns-in-turkeypopulated-coastal-places-in-turkeygreek-colonies-in-pontus