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Optical lattice

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An optical lattice is formed by the interference of counter-propagating laser beams, creating a spatially periodic intensity pattern. The resulting periodic potential may trap neutral atoms via the Stark shift. Atoms are cooled and congregate at the potential extrema (at maxima for red-detuned lattices, and minima for blue-detuned lattices). The resulting arrangement of trapped atoms resembles a crystal lattice and can be used for quantum simulation.