Ofqual

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United Kingdom government department

title: "Ofqual" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["education-regulation-in-the-united-kingdom", "non-ministerial-departments-of-the-government-of-the-united-kingdom", "department-for-education", "educational-qualifications-in-the-united-kingdom", "organizations-established-in-2008", "organisations-based-in-coventry", "education-regulators", "regulators-of-the-united-kingdom", "2008-establishments-in-the-united-kingdom"] description: "United Kingdom government department" topic_path: "geography/united-kingdom" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofqual" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary United Kingdom government department ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox government agency"]

FieldValue
agency_nameOffice of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation
logoOfqual_logo_2018.svg
logo_width250px
formed
preceding1QCA
<!--purpose
jurisdictionEngland
headquartersEarlsdon Park, Coventry
coordinates
employees192 (2017/18)
budget£17.5 million (2018/19)
chief1_nameSir Ian Bauckham
chief1_positionCEO and chief regulator
chief2_nameSusan Tranter
chief2_positionChair
agency_typeNon-ministerial government department
website
::

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The Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation (Ofqual) is a non-ministerial government department that regulates qualifications, exams and tests in England. Colloquially and publicly, Ofqual is often referred to as the exam "watchdog".

History

Ofqual was established in interim form on 8 April 2008 as part of the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA), taking over the regulatory functions that had previously been undertaken by the QCA directly through its regulation and standards division. It was always intended that Ofqual would be an entirely separate body from the QCA. This was achieved on 1 April 2010, when Ofqual was established as a non-ministerial government department under the Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Act 2009.

In 2020, Ofqual was involved in an GCSE and A-Level grading controversy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Role

Ofqual's role is "to maintain standards and confidence in qualifications." url=http://ofqual.gov.uk/about-us/| title=About us| date=17 May 2023| publisher=Ofqual}}

Area of governance

Ofqual regulates exams, qualifications and tests in England. In Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland, these matters are the responsibility of the respective national governments.

Scotland’s regulator, the Scottish Qualifications Authority, is also an awarding body, and is accredited by Ofqual for the delivery of qualifications in England.

Ofqual collaborates closely with the Department for Education in the UK government on general qualifications, such as GCSEs and A levels, and with the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills on vocational qualifications such as NVQs and BTECs. In Northern Ireland, Ofqual regulated NVQs on behalf of the Department for Employment and Learning until May 2016; this responsibility has since been transferred to the Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment.

Ofqual regulates and accredits English examination boards offering GCSEs and GCE A Levels, while the Joint Council for Qualifications regulates the actual administration of GCSE and GCE A Level examinations.

Modular versus linear syllabi

The Conservative Party under Prime Minister David Cameron initiated reforms for A Levels to change from the current modular to a linear structure. British examination boards (Edexcel, AQA, OCR and WJEC) regulated and accredited by Ofqual responded to the government's reform announcements by modifying syllabi of several A Level subjects. However, in 2014 the Labour Party announced that it would halt and reverse the reforms and maintain the modular A-Level system if it got into government. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge have expressed support for the modular system.

Recent reports reveal that the linear examination approach and the toughening educational reforms initiated by Ofqual provoked many schools to "play the system" by requesting test remarking and supplementary aid for students (e.g. special consideration and extra time) in order to uphold high exam grade levels so as to not drop in league tables.

Rising numbers of students taking GCSEs and GCE A Levels over the past decades has led to an increase in the quantity of examination results being enquired for re-marking and reported to Ofqual.

Ofqual's remit and responsibilities are established in law by the Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Act 2009{{cite web |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2009/ukpga_20090022_en_1 |title=Apprenticeship, Skills, Children and Learning Act 2009 |date=12 November 2009 |publisher=Office of Public Sector Information |access-date=1 December 2009}} and the Education Act 2011.{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2011/21/contents/enacted |title=Education Act 2011 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}} As a Non-ministerial department Ofqual is accountable to Parliament, through the Education Select Committee. It is not accountable to government ministers and is independent from ministerial government. Whereas Ofqual regulates and accredits British examination boards (e.g. Edexcel, AQA, OCR etc.) and their GCSE and GCE A-Level specifications; the examination board CAIE (Cambridge Assessment International Education) which offers international GCSEs and GCE A-Levels predominantly for schools outside the United Kingdom operates independently without British governmental intervention. Therefore, although CAIE qualifications are accredited by Ofqual, they are not regulated by it and thus may differ significantly in subject content and exam structure from UK GCSEs and GCE A-Levels.

Structure

Ofqual has four directorates:

  • Standards, research and analysis
  • Vocational and technical qualifications
  • General qualifications
  • Regulatory and corporate services

Chief regulator

The chief regulator is the leader and figurehead of Ofqual.

Originally, the chief regulator was also the chair of Ofqual. When the chief regulator position was vacant during 2010 and 2011, the Deputy Chair, Dame Sandra Burslem, took on 'many of the responsibilities', though was never formally named chief regulator or chair.

On 1 April 2012, in line with the Education Act 2011, the chief regulator role transferred from the chair, to the chief executive. When the chief regulator post was vacant in 2016, the chair acted as the interim chief regulator.

  • Kathleen Tattersall, 8 April 20082 July 2010
  • Amanda Spielman, 14 July 201131 March 2012 (continued as chair without chief regulator role)
  • Dame Glenys Stacey, 1 April 201229 February 2016
  • Amanda Spielman, 1 March 201624 April 2016 (interim chief regulator)
  • Sally Collier, 25 April 201625 August 2020
  • Dame Glenys Stacey, 26 August 202031 December 2020 (interim chief regulator)
  • Simon Lebus, 1 January 202117 September 2021 (interim chief regulator)
  • Jo Saxton, 18 September 2021 – December 2023
  • Sir Ian Bauckham, January 2024

Chair of Ofqual

Until 31 March 2012, the chair of Ofqual was also the chief regulator. When the chair position was vacant during 2010 and 2011, the deputy chair, Dame Sandra Burslem, 'stepped in to provide continuity', though was never formally named chair or chief regulator.

  • Kathleen Tattersall, 8 April 20082 July 2010
  • Amanda Spielman, 14 July 201130 November 2016
  • Julius Weinberg, 1 December 201631 December 2016 (interim chair)
  • Roger Taylor, 1 January 201731 December 2020
  • Sir Ian Bauckham, 1 January 2021present (interim chair to January 2022, then chair)
  • Frances Wadsworth, 19 December 2023present (interim chair)

Chief executive of Ofqual

  • Isabel Nisbet, 8 April 200828 February 2011
  • Dame Glenys Stacey, 1 March 201131 March 2012 (continued as CEO and chief regulator)

On 1 April 2012, the position of chief executive ceased to exist as an independent role when it was merged with the post of chief regulator.

References

References

  1. [https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/office-of-qualifications-and-examinations-regulation Gov.uk], Gov.UK Government, Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation, Retrieved 6 February 2014
  2. (August 2014). "Exam watchdog Ofqual to check 'extra help' data". BBC News.
  3. Richardson, Hannah. (2020-08-25). "Ofqual chief resigns after exams chaos". BBC News.
  4. "Ofqual External Verification".
  5. (5 May 2016). "Changes to qualifications regulation in Northern Ireland". Ofqual.
  6. "Changes to A levels - The Department for Education".
  7. "Edexcel A levels".
  8. (25 September 2014). "GCSEs, AS and A levels: new subjects to be taught in 2016".
  9. "Labour pledges to halt A-Level reforms".
  10. "Oxford raises concerns over A-level exam reform". BBC News.
  11. (20 January 2014). "A-level reforms 'will harm English pupils', says Cambridge". The Telegraph.
  12. (12 December 2014). "Ofqual: schools playing the system to boost pupils' grades". The Telegraph.
  13. "GCSE and A level exam enquiries have exceeded 450,000 say Ofqual".
  14. "Are Cambridge qualifications accredited by Ofqual?".
  15. (7 June 2011). "New Chair of Ofqual".
  16. "House of Commons - Children, Schools and Families Committee - Minutes of Evidence".
  17. (2 July 2010). "Exam Regulator Ofqual Chief Kathleen Tattersall Steps Down". Evening Standard.
  18. (May 2009). "The first Report of the Chief Regulator of Qualifications and Examinations". Ofqual.
  19. (July 2012). "Annual Report and Accounts 2011-12". TSO.
  20. (6 August 2015). "Ofqual chief Glenys Stacey to stand down". FE Week.
  21. (26 February 2016). "Ofqual Chair Amanda Spielman to Replace Glenys Stacey as Interim Chief Regulator". Schools Week.
  22. "Education Secretary Selects New Ofqual Chief Regulator".
  23. (8 March 2016). "Sally Collier named as Ofqual's new chief regulator".
  24. (19 July 2017). "Annual Report and Accounts 2016 to 2017". Ofqual.
  25. "Ofqual announces interim leadership arrangements".
  26. "New Interim Chief Regulator of Ofqual".
  27. "New Chief Regulator at Ofqual".
  28. "Dr Jo Saxton to stand down as Chief Regulator of Ofqual".
  29. "Sir Ian Bauckham CBE".
  30. (2011). "Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation (Ofqual) Annual Report to Parliament 2010/11For the period 1st April 2010 to 31st March 2011". The Stationery Office.
  31. (16 December 2016). "Roger Taylor Appointed as New Chair of Exams Regulator Ofqual". Schools Week.
  32. "Roger Taylor - GOV.uk".
  33. "New Interim Chair of Ofqual".
  34. "Frances Wadsworth CBE named as interim Chair of the Ofqual Board".
  35. (6 July 2011). "Ofqual Annual Report and Accounts 2010–2011". TSO.

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education-regulation-in-the-united-kingdomnon-ministerial-departments-of-the-government-of-the-united-kingdomdepartment-for-educationeducational-qualifications-in-the-united-kingdomorganizations-established-in-2008organisations-based-in-coventryeducation-regulatorsregulators-of-the-united-kingdom2008-establishments-in-the-united-kingdom