Odonatoptera

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Taxonomic superorder of winged insects

title: "Odonatoptera" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["odonatoptera", "metapterygota", "palaeoptera", "insect-superorders", "extant-carboniferous-first-appearances", "mississippian-first-appearances"] description: "Taxonomic superorder of winged insects" topic_path: "general/odonatoptera" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odonatoptera" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Taxonomic superorder of winged insects ::

| fossil_range = | image = Meganeurites_gracilipes_restoration.webp | image_caption = Reconstruction of Carboniferous odonapteran Meganeurites (Meganeuridae, Meganisoptera) | taxon = Odonatoptera | authority = Lameere, 1900 | subdivision_ranks = Orders | subdivision = See text | synonyms = Campylopterodea Rohdendorf, 1962

Odonatoidea Lameere, 1936

The Odonatoptera are a superorder (sometimes treated as an order) of ancient winged insects, placed in the probably paraphyletic group Palaeoptera. The dragonflies and damselflies (which are placed in the subgroup Odonata) are the only living members of this group, which was far more diverse in the late Paleozoic and contained gigantic species, including the griffinflies (colloquially called "giant dragonflies", although they were not dragonflies in the strict sense) of the order Meganisoptera (formerly Protodonata). The oldest members of Odonatoptera are known from the latest part of the Serpukhovian age of the Early Carboniferous, about 325–324 million years ago, making them among the oldest known winged insects.

Systematics and taxonomy

There is little consensus about the relationships of the Odonatoptera. What is certain is that they are a clade of winged insects that stands outside the Neoptera. But various authors' analyses have yielded any one of three mutually exclusive phylogenies, or some variant thereof: The least problematic (in a taxonomic sense) view is that the Odonatoptera are the sister taxon of the Ephemeropteroidea (the mayfly lineage), and that the Palaeodictyopteroidea are either their sister taxon or a basal assemblage, all within a monophyletic Palaeoptera. But few recent analyses have supported this. Rather, it seems more and more likely that the Odonatoptera are the sister taxon of the Neoptera, making the "Palaeoptera" paraphyletic. The third view places the mayfly lineage as sister taxon of the neopterans, with the Odonatoptera as most primitive winged insects; it has seen little support in recent decades however.

The superorder Odonatoptera includes the following major groups and families which may be considered orders (given in bold following Nel and Piney (2022)), ordered from the most basal groups downward to those closest to the Odonata crown group:

In some treatments, the Odonata are expanded to include all the above taxa from Campylopteridae downward; this group is treated as an unranked clade Odonatoclada in the scheme used here. Where the Odonata are defined loosely, the term Odonatoidea is used instead of "Odonatoptera" (see e.g.).

Phylogeny

Based on the work of Günter Bechly, Nel et al. (2001) and Petrulevičius & Gutierrez (2016). |label1=Odonatoptera |1={{clade |label1=Eugeroptera |1=†Eugeropteridae |label2=Palaeodonatoptera |2={{clade |label1=Kukaloptera |1=†Kirchneralidae |label2=Plesiodonatoptera |2={{clade |label1=Argentinoptera |1=†Argentinalidae |label2=Apodonatoptera |2={{clade |label1=Geroptera |1=†Geropteridae |label2=Neodonataptera |2={{clade |1=†Eomeganisoptera (†Erasipteridae) |label2=Euodonatoptera |2={{clade |1=†Meganisoptera (griffinflies) |label2=Odonatoclada |2={{clade |1=†Lapeyriidae |label2=Campylopterodea |sublabel2=(incertae sedis) |state2=dashed |2=†Campylopteridae |label3=Nodialata |3={{clade |1=†Protanisoptera |label2=Pandiscoidalia |2={{clade |1=†Triadotypomorpha |label2=Discoidalia |2={{clade |1=†Triadophlebiomorpha |label2=Stigmoptera |2={{clade |1=†Protozygoptera (including Archizygoptera) |label2=Panodonata |2={{clade |label1=Tarsophlebioptera |1=†Tarsophlebiidae |label2=Odonata |2={{clade |1=Zygoptera (damselfly) |label2=Epiproctophora |2={{clade |1=†Isophlebioptera |label2=Euepiproctophora |2={{clade |1=Epiophlebiidae |label2=Anisopteromorpha |2={{clade |1=†Erichschmidtiidae (incertae sedis) |state1=dashed |2=†Heterophlebioptera |label3=Trigonoptera |3={{clade |1=†Stenophlebioptera |label2=Pananisoptera |2={{clade |1=†Liassogomphidae |2=†Juragomphidae |label3=Neoanisoptera |3={{clade |1=†Aeschnidiidae |2=Anisoptera (dragonfly)

Cladogram of Odonatoptera including Odonata by Deregnaucourt et al. 2023.{{clade|{{clade |label1=†Meganisoptera |1=†Meganeuridae |label2=Nodialata |2={{clade |label1=†Protanisoptera |1={{clade |1=†Polytaxineuridae |2={{clade |1=†Permaeschnidae |2={{clade |1=†Callimokaltaniidae |2={{clade |1=†Hemizygopteridae |2=†Ditaxineuridae }} }} }} }} |label2=Discoidalia |2={{clade |label1=†Triadophlebiomorpha |1={{clade |1=†Iverya |2={{clade |1=†Pirouteliidae |2={{clade |1=†Kargalotypidae |label2=†Zygophlebiida |2={{clade |1=†Zygophlebiidae |2=†Moltenophlebiidae |3={{clade |1=†Permophlebiidae |2=†Xamenophlebiidae }} }} |label3=†Triadophlebiida |3={{clade |1=†Triassologus |2=†Sinotriadophlebiidae |3=†Mitophlebiidae |4={{clade |1=†Paurophlebiidae |2=†Triadophlebiidae }} }} }} }} }} |label2=Stigmoptera |2={{clade |1=†Permagrionidae |2={{clade |label1=†Archizygoptera |1={{clade |1=†Bakteniidae |2=†Kennedyidae |3=†Oboraneuridae |4=†Kaltanoneuridae |5=†Lodeviidae |6=†Luiseiidae |7=†Permepallagidae |8={{clade |1=†Voltzialestidae |label2=†Terskejoptera |2={{clade |1=†Terskeja |2={{clade |1=†Protomyrmeleontidae |2=†Moltenagrionidae }} }} }} }} |label2=Panodonata |2={{clade |1=†Triassolestidae (in part) |label2=Lobodonata |2={{clade |1=†Mesophlebiidae |2=†Triassolestidae (in part) |3={{clade |1=†Tarsophlebiidae |label2= Odonata |sublabel2=(crown group) |2={{clade |1=Zygoptera (damselflies) |label2=Epiproctophora |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=†Euthemistidae |2=†Selenothemistidae |3={{clade |1=†Archithemistidae |2={{clade |1=†Campterophlebiidae |2=†Isophlebiidae }} }} |4={{clade |1=†Sphenophlebiidae |2={{clade |1=†Asiopteridae |2=†Cyclothemistidae }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=†Erichschmidtiidae |2={{clade |1=†Liassostenophlebiidae |2={{clade |1=†Prostenophlebiidae |2=†Stenophlebiidae }} }} |3={{clade |1=†Myopophlebiidae |2={{clade |1=†Heterophlebiidae |2={{clade |1=†Liassophlebiidae |2=†Parastenophlebiidae }} }} }} |4={{clade |1=†Juragomphidae |2=†Liassogomphidae |3={{clade |1=†Aeschnidiidae |2=Anisoptera (modern dragonflies) }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85%;|label1=Odonatoptera |sublabel1= (Odonata sensu lato)}}

Footnotes

References

References

  1. Kluge, N.J.. "Odonatoptera".
  2. (2022). "Dragonflies and Damselflies: Model Organisms for Ecological and Evolutionary Research". Oxford University Press.
  3. Bechly, Günter. (27 November 2007). "Phylogenetic Systematics of Odonata".
  4. (2001). "The Permo-Triassic Odonatoptera of the 'protodonate' grade (Insecta: Odonatoptera)". [[Annales de la Société Entomologique de France]].
  5. (2016). "New basal Odonatoptera (Insecta) from the lower Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) of Argentina". Arquivos Entomolóxicos.
  6. (August 2023). "Disparification and extinction trade-offs shaped the evolution of Permian to Jurassic Odonata". iScience.

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odonatopterametapterygotapalaeopterainsect-superordersextant-carboniferous-first-appearancesmississippian-first-appearances