Nucleolin

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Protein

title: "Nucleolin" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["proteins"] description: "Protein" topic_path: "general/proteins" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleolin" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Protein ::

Nucleolin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCL gene.

Gene

The human NCL gene is located on chromosome 2 and consists of 14 exons with 13 introns and spans approximately 11kb. Intron 11 of the NCL gene encodes a small nucleolar RNA, termed U20.

Function

Nucleolin is the major nucleolar protein of growing eukaryotic cells. It is found associated with intranucleolar chromatin and pre-ribosomal particles. It induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1. It is thought to play a role in pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome assembly. It may play a role in the process of transcriptional elongation. It binds RNA oligonucleotides with 5'-UUAGGG-3' repeats more tightly than the telomeric single-stranded DNA 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats.

Nucleolin is also able to act as a transcriptional coactivator with Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII).

Clinical significance

Midkine and pleiotrophin bind to cell-surface nucleolin as a low affinity receptor. This binding can inhibit HIV infection.

Nucleolin at the cell surface is the receptor for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein. Interference with the nucleolinRSV fusion protein interaction has been shown to be therapeutic against RSV infection in cell cultures and animal models.

Interactions

Nucleolin has been shown to interact with:

References

References

  1. (Sep 1990). "Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the human nucleolin gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  2. (Aug 1988). "A major nucleolar protein, nucleolin, induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1". European Journal of Biochemistry.
  3. "Entrez Gene: NCL nucleolin".
  4. (May 2012). "Identification and characterization of nucleolin as a COUP-TFII coactivator of retinoic acid receptor β transcription in breast cancer cells". PLOS ONE.
  5. (Oct 2002). "The anti-HIV cytokine midkine binds the cell surface-expressed nucleolin as a low affinity receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  6. (Sep 2005). "Pleiotrophin inhibits HIV infection by binding the cell surface-expressed nucleolin". The FEBS Journal.
  7. (Sep 2011). "Identification of nucleolin as a cellular receptor for human respiratory syncytial virus". Nature Medicine.
  8. (Aug 2017). "The Susceptibilities of Respiratory Syncytial Virus to Nucleolin Receptor Blocking and Antibody Neutralization are Dependent upon the Method of Virus Purification". Viruses.
  9. (Nov 2012). "The RSV fusion receptor: not what everyone expected it to be". Microbes and Infection / Institut Pasteur.
  10. (Mar 2013). "RSV fusion: time for a new model". Viruses.
  11. (Nov 2014). "Respiratory syncytial virus receptor expression in the mouse and viral tropism". Histology and Histopathology.
  12. (Jun 2021). "Identification of Nucleolin as a Novel AEG-1-Interacting Protein in Breast Cancer via Interactome Profiling.". Cancers.
  13. (Jun 1996). "The physical association of casein kinase 2 with nucleolin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  14. (Feb 2003). "Centaurin-alpha 1 associates in vitro and in vivo with nucleolin". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.
  15. (Oct 2011). "Competitive regulation of nucleolin expression by HuR and miR-494". Molecular and Cellular Biology.
  16. (Apr 1996). "C23 interacts with B23, a putative nucleolar-localization-signal-binding protein". European Journal of Biochemistry.
  17. (Aug 2002). "Stress-dependent nucleolin mobilization mediated by p53-nucleolin complex formation". Molecular and Cellular Biology.
  18. (Sep 2002). "Interaction of protein phosphatase 1 delta with nucleolin in human osteoblastic cells". The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry.
  19. (Nov 2003). "S100C/A11 is a key mediator of Ca(2+)-induced growth inhibition of human epidermal keratinocytes". The Journal of Cell Biology.
  20. (Jul 2002). "Nucleolin associates with a subset of the human Ro ribonucleoprotein complexes". Journal of Molecular Biology.
  21. (Apr 1998). "Interaction between the N-terminus of human topoisomerase I and SV40 large T antigen". Nucleic Acids Research.
  22. (Jan 1996). "Identification of a nucleolin binding site in human topoisomerase I". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  23. (Dec 2004). "Nucleolin interacts with telomerase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

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proteins