Norator
title: "Norator" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["electrical-components", "control-theory", "signal-processing", "analog-circuits", "electronic-design"] topic_path: "engineering" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norator" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Noratore.svg" caption="Norator electronic symbol"] ::
In electronics, a norator is a theoretical linear, time-invariant one-port which can have an arbitrary current and voltage between its terminals. A norator represents a controlled voltage or current source with infinite gain. |author=Verhoeven C J M van Staveren A Monna G L E Kouwenhoven M H L & Yildiz E |title=Structured electronic design: negative feedback amplifiers |year= 2003 |publisher=Kluwer Academic |location=Boston/Dordrecht/London |isbn=1-4020-7590-1 |pages=§2.2.1.1 pp. 30–32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p8wDptzCMrUC&pg=PA24}}
Inserting a norator in a circuit schematic provides whatever current and voltage the outside circuit demands, in particular, the demands of Kirchhoff's circuit laws. For example, the output of an ideal opamp behaves as a norator, producing nonzero output voltage and current that meet circuit requirements despite a zero input.
A norator is often paired with a nullator to form a nullor.
A nullator in parallel with a norator is equivalent to a short (zero voltage any current). A nullator in series with a norator is an open circuit (zero current, any voltage).
References
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