Nonane

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title: "Nonane" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["alkanes"] topic_path: "general/alkanes" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonane" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

| Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 470622939 | ImageFile = Nonane-2D-Skeletal.svg | ImageClass = skin-invert-image | ImageFile_Ref = | ImageSize = 245 | ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of nonane | ImageFile1 = Nonane.png | ImageClass1 = skin-invert-image | ImageFile1_Ref = | ImageSize1 = 245 | ImageAlt1 = Skeletal formula of nonane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added | ImageFile2 = Nonane 3D ball.png | ImageClass2 = skin-invert-image | ImageFile2_Ref = | ImageSize2 = 245 | ImageAlt2 = Ball-and-stick model of the nonane molecule | PIN = Nonane |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 111-84-2 | CASNo_Ref = | UNII_Ref = | UNII = T9W3VH6G10 | PubChem = 8141 | ChemSpiderID = 7849 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = | EINECS = 203-913-4 | UNNumber = 1920 | MeSHName = nonane | ChEBI = 32892 | ChEBI_Ref = | ChEMBL = 335900 | ChEMBL_Ref = | RTECS = RA6115000 | Beilstein = 1696917 | Gmelin = 240576 | SMILES = CCCCCCCCC | StdInChI = 1S/C9H20/c1-3-5-7-9-8-6-4-2/h3-9H2,1-2H3 | StdInChI_Ref = | StdInChIKey = BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey_Ref = |Section2={{Chembox Properties | C = 9 | H = 20 | Appearance = Colorless liquid | Odor = Gasoline-like | Density = 0.718 g/mL | MeltingPtK = 219.0 to 220.0 | BoilingPtK = 423.5 to 424.1 | LogP = 5.293 | VaporPressure = 0.59 kPa (at 25.0 °C) | HenryConstant = 1.7 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 | RefractIndex = 1.405 | MagSus = −108.13·10−6 cm3/mol |Section3={{Chembox Thermochemistry | DeltaHf = −275.7 – −273.7 kJ mol−1 | DeltaHc = −6125.75 – −6124.67 kJ mol−1 | Entropy = 393.67 J K−1 mol−1 | HeatCapacity = 284.34 J K−1 mol−1 |Section4={{Chembox Hazards | GHSPictograms =
| GHSSignalWord = DANGER | HPhrases = | PPhrases = | NFPA-H = 0 | NFPA-F = 3 | NFPA-R = 0 | NFPA-S = | FlashPtC = 31.0 | AutoignitionPtC = 205.0 | ExploLimits = 0.87–2.9% | IDLH = N.D. | REL = TWA 200 ppm (1050 mg/m3) | PEL = none |Section5={{Chembox Related | OtherFunction_label = alkanes | OtherFunction = Nonane is a linear alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C9H20. It is a colorless, flammable liquid, occurring primarily in the component of the petroleum distillate fraction commonly called kerosene, which is used as a heating, tractor, and jet fuel. Nonane is also used as a solvent, distillation chaser, fuel additive, and a component in biodegradable detergents. It is also a minor component of diesel fuel.

Nonane has 35 structural isomers.

Its substituent form is nonyl. Its cycloalkane counterpart is cyclononane, (C9H18).

Unlike most alkanes, the numeric prefix in its name is from Latin, not Greek. (A name using a Greek prefix would be enneane.)

Combustion reactions

Nonane undergoes combustion reactions that are similar to other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, nonane burns to form water and carbon dioxide.

:C9H20 + 14O2 → 9CO2 + 10H2O

When insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion, the burning products include carbon monoxide.

:2C9H20 + 19O2 → 18CO + 20H2O :

References

References

  1. (16 September 2004). "nonane - Compound Summary". National Center for Biotechnology Information.
  2. {{PGCH. 0466
  3. "NFPA Hazard Rating Information for Common Chemicals".
  4. "Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name".
  5. Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits. Nonane; Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2005; 2000/15OSH/155. http://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/sites/default/files/0015osh155.pdf {{Webarchive. link. (2018-02-28)
  6. Simmons, Mark. (2017-07-24). "Kerosene and Diesel Fuel Analysis By GCMS".

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alkanes