Nerchinsk
Town of Nerchinsky District in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia
title: "Nerchinsk" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cities-and-towns-in-zabaykalsky-krai", "transbaikal-oblast", "populated-places-established-in-1658", "17th-century-establishments-in-russia", "1658-establishments-in-russia"] description: "Town of Nerchinsky District in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerchinsk" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Town of Nerchinsky District in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia ::
::data[format=table title="Infobox Russian inhabited locality"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| en_name | Nerchinsk |
| ru_name | Нерчинск |
| image_skyline | Воскресенский собор (Нерчинск).jpg |
| coordinates | |
| map_label_position | right |
| image_coa | Coat of Arms of Nerchinsk (Chita oblast) (1790).png |
| image_flag | Flag of Nerchinsk (Zabaykalsky Krai).png |
| federal_subject | Zabaykalsky Krai |
| federal_subject_ref | |
| adm_district_jur | Nerchinsky District |
| adm_district_jur_ref | |
| adm_ctr_of | Nerchinsky District |
| adm_ctr_of_ref | |
| inhabloc_cat | Town |
| inhabloc_cat_ref | |
| mun_district_jur | Nerchinsky Municipal District |
| mun_district_jur_ref | |
| urban_settlement_jur | Nerchinskoye Urban Settlement |
| urban_settlement_jur_ref | |
| mun_admctr_of1 | Nerchinsky Municipal District |
| mun_admctr_of1_ref | |
| mun_admctr_of2 | Nerchinskoye Urban Settlement |
| mun_admctr_of2_ref | |
| pop_2010census | 14959 |
| pop_2010census_ref | |
| pop_latest | 14775 |
| pop_latest_date | January 2014 |
| pop_latest_ref | |
| postal_codes | 673400, 673402, 673403, 673429, 673840 |
| website | http://гпнерчинское.нерчинск.забайкальскийкрай.рф |
| :: |
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Nerchinsk (; , Nershüü; , Nerchüü; ) is a town and the administrative center of Nerchinsky District in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Nercha River, 7 km above its confluence with the Shilka River, 644 km east of Lake Baikal, about 225 km west of the Chinese border, and 305 km east of Chita, the administrative center of the krai. Population: 6,713 (1897).
Town name in other languages
Two important treaties between the Russian Empire and the Qing Dynasty mention Nerchinsk: the 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk and the 1727 Treaty of Kyakhta. Non-Russian comments on these treaties or on the history of the town may mention other names:
- Latin: Nipchou or Nipcha (however, the Treaty of Kyakhta called the town Nipkoa)
- Manchu: Nibcu hoton
- Chinese: 尼布楚; Pinyin: Níbùchǔ
History
The fort of Nerchinsk dates from 1654. founded the town four years later; in that year he opened direct communication between the Russian settlements in Transbaikalia and those on the Amur River which had been founded by Cossacks and fur-traders from the Yakutsk region. In 1689 Russia and China signed the Treaty of Nerchinsk, which stopped the farther advance of the Russians into the basin of the Amur for two centuries (see Sino-Russian border conflicts).
After that, Nerchinsk became the chief center for Russian trade with China. The opening of the western route through Mongolia, via Urga, and the establishment of a custom-house at Kyakhta in 1728 diverted this trade into a new channel. But Nerchinsk acquired fresh importance from the influx of immigrants, mostly exiles, into eastern Dauria, from the discovery of rich mines and from the arrival of great numbers of convicts to the Nerchinsk katorga. Ultimately Nerchinsk became the chief town of Transbaikalia.
The famous English adventurer and engineer Samuel Bentham visited Nerchinsk in 1782. Bentham had seen a potential for Nerchinsk as a base for access to the Sea of Okhotsk, provided the Chinese would authorize navigation on the Amur River. Such a venture would have opened up the possibility of fur trade with the Pacific Ocean, as far as the Chinese port of Canton.
In 1812, Nerchinsk was transferred from the banks of the Shilka to its present site, on account of floods. The town relinquished its supremacy to Chita in the late 19th century, when the Trans-Siberian Railway bypassed it.
According to George Kennan, "a few of the Decembrist conspirators of 1825" and "thousands of Polish insurgents" from their unsuccessful insurrection of 1863" were transported to the Nerchinsk silver-mining district. The Decembrist prisoners included some 100 nobles who were made to work in the silver mines.
20th century
In the early 20th century, Nerchinsk was built of wood, and its lower areas frequently suffered from inundations. The inhabitants supported themselves mainly by agriculture, tobacco-growing and cattle-breeding; a few merchants traded in furs and cattle, in brick-tea from China, and in manufactured wares from Russia. Gold-mines in the vicinity were owned and developed by the Butin family of merchants, whose Neo-Moorish Butin palace is now accessible for visitors as a local museum. The palace includes several largest mirrors which were purchased at the 1878 Paris World Fair and were at the time the largest in the world, being subsequently transported to the palace from France.
Nerchinsk today
Nerchinsk is home to some small electromechanical and food-processing industries. It has a small museum, established in 1884. Among its sights are the Resurrection Cathedral, built in the Neoclassical style in 1825 to commemorate the city's relocation, its belltower destroyed by the Communists. The site of old Nerchinsk is marked by the Assumption Monastery, the oldest in Dauria, founded in 1664. Its cathedral, consecrated in 1712, is the easternmost building in the Muscovite Baroque style.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Nerchinsk serves as the administrative center of Nerchinsky District, to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division, the town of Nerchinsk, together with one rural locality (the selo of Makeyevka), is incorporated within Nerchinsky Municipal District as Nerchinskoye Urban Settlement.
Transportation
|name=Nerchinsk |nativename= |nativename-a= |nativename-r= |image= |image-width= |caption= |IATA= |ICAO= |type=Military |owner= |operator=Russian Air Force |city-served= |location=Nerchinsk |elevation-f=1575 |elevation-m=480 |coordinates= |website= |metric-elev= |metric-rwy= |r1-number= |r1-length-f=5577 |r1-length-m=1700 |r1-surface=Concrete |stat-year= |stat1-header= |stat1-data= |stat2-header= |stat2-data= |footnotes=
The Nerchinsk Airport is a former air-base located 2 km northwest of the town. It was abandoned in the 1990s. The substandard runway length suggests a 1950s design.
References
Notes
Sources
References
- Law #316-ZZK
- {{OKTMO reference. 76 628 101
- {{ru-pop-ref. 2010Census
- (2016). "Russia's Far East: new dynamics in Asia Pacific and beyond". Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.
- "Mirrorlands".
- (1891). "Siberia and the Exile System". James R. Osgood, McIlvaine & Co..
- ''Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Inhabited Localities of Zabaykalsky Krai''
- Law #317-ZZK
- [http://ez.chita.ru/encycl/concepts/?id=2162 Энциклопедия Забайкалья. Нерчинск.]
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