Mys Shmidta

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title: "Mys Shmidta" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["urban-type-settlements-in-chukotka-autonomous-okrug", "populated-places-of-arctic-russia", "chukchi-sea", "populated-places-established-in-1931", "1931-establishments-in-the-soviet-union", "iultinsky-district"] topic_path: "geography/russia" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mys_Shmidta" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox Russian inhabited locality"]

FieldValue
en_nameMys Shmidta
ru_nameМыс Шмидта
image_skylineIultinskiy r-n, Chukotskiy, Russia - panoramio - Шабанов (1).jpg
image_captionMys Shmidta during winter
coordinates
map_label_positionbottom
federal_subjectChukotka Autonomous Okrug
federal_subject_ref
adm_district_jurIultinsky District
adm_district_jur_ref
inhabloc_catUrban-type settlement
inhabloc_cat_ref
mun_district_jurIultinsky Municipal District
mun_district_jur_ref
urban_settlement_jurMys Shmidta Urban Settlement
urban_settlement_jur_ref
mun_admctr_ofMys Shmidta Urban Settlement
mun_admctr_of_ref
area_km2137.81
area_km2_ref
pop_latest37
pop_latest_dateJanuary 2021
pop_latest_ref
established_date1931
established_date_ref
current_cat_date1962
current_cat_date_ref
postal_codes689350
dialing_codes42739
dialing_codes_ref
::

|en_name=Mys Shmidta |ru_name=Мыс Шмидта |other_name= |other_lang= |image_skyline=Iultinskiy r-n, Chukotskiy, Russia - panoramio - Шабанов (1).jpg |image_caption=Mys Shmidta during winter |coordinates = |map_label_position=bottom |image_flag= |flag_caption= |image_coa= |coa_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Chukotka Autonomous Okrug |federal_subject_ref= |adm_district_jur=Iultinsky District |adm_district_jur_ref= |inhabloc_cat=Urban-type settlement |inhabloc_cat_ref= |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_district_jur=Iultinsky Municipal District |mun_district_jur_ref= |urban_settlement_jur=Mys Shmidta Urban Settlement |urban_settlement_jur_ref= |mun_admctr_of=Mys Shmidta Urban Settlement |mun_admctr_of_ref= |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_km2=137.81 |area_km2_ref= |pop_latest=37 |pop_latest_date=January 2021 |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1931 |established_title= |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date=1962 |current_cat_date_ref= |postal_codes=689350 |dialing_codes=42739 |dialing_codes_ref= |website= Mys Shmidta (, lit. Cape Schmidt) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Iultinsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located about 5 km southeast of the cape of the same name on the shore of the Chukchi Sea (a part of the Arctic Ocean), south of Wrangel Island, about 650 km from Anadyr, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. The cape, but not the settlement, was formerly known as North Cape (or Cape North). Cape Billings is located to the west of it and Cape Vankarem is to the east. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 37, down from 705 recorded in the 2002 Census.

It was founded in 1931 as a part of the Soviet Union's development of its Arctic air defenses. Changes in the manner in which national defenses are constructed in recent decades have led to a decline in the settlement's importance, although it remains Chukotka's most important main northern sea port after Pevek.

History

Cape North, or Cape Schmidt as it is now called, was first reached by James Cook in 1778 when he sailed through the Bering Strait and into the Chukchi Sea, demonstrating to people in Europe and North America that Russia and Alaska were separated.

The modern settlement was founded in 1931 as a part of the Soviet Union's attempts to develop the extreme northeast of the country. The settlement itself, its airport, and the nearby cape were all named after Otto Schmidt, with Mys Shmidta forming the central base for the enterprises involved in the mining of tin and gold.

In 1954, the airfield was developed as part of the plan to create a ring of Soviet Air Force air bases around the Arctic for the use of its strategic bomber fleet during the Cold War. During the Cold War, this airfield formed a network of forward staging bases inside the Arctic Circle. The use of strategic bomber forward staging bases was dictated by geography and weather. The northern parts of the Soviet Union closest to the United States are in the Arctic, with hostile weather conditions. Consequently, Soviet strategic bombers were normally stationed at bases in more temperate parts of the Soviet Union, flying training missions from these forward staging bases.

In 1962, Mys Shmidta was granted urban-type settlement status.

::data[format=table title="style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"| Demographic changes"]

197019791989200220102018
1,8183,3074,587705492140
::

Geography

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Мыс_Шмидта.jpg" caption="View of Cape Schmidt from the Chukchi Sea"] ::

Main article: Cape Schmidt

The settlement is positioned on a spit which separates the Akatan Lagoon from the open sea and protects the airport from the full effects of the Arctic Ocean. A little distance to the northwest is the cape from which the settlement gets its name and just beyond this lies the rural Chukchi locality of Ryrkaypiy. Cape Yakan is located further to the west.

Climate

Mys Shmidta, by the very nature of its location, has a polar climate (Köppen ET) and is at the mercy of Arctic conditions, which leaves it isolated throughout the winter and can pose a danger to shipping during the brief summer as supply ships try to make their deliveries. The lowest temperature ever recorded was -46.1 C recorded on 2 February 1978. The highest temperature recorded was 30 C on 10 July 1953.

The importance attached to the summer months from a logistical standpoint was well illustrated in 1983, when winter set in earlier than predicted and resulted in Mys Shmidta and a number of other coastal ports in the Russian Far East closing early due to ice. Although unloading was delayed due to ice for a fortnight, the first supply ship convoy to Mys Shmidta arrived as planned. However, a severe drop in temperature through August, much earlier than usual, caused a significantly greater concentration of ice in the Long Strait and strong northerly winds forced the semi-permanent Ayon ice sheet onto the northern coast of Chukotka. By October, the ice had thickened to such a degree that a convoy of ships, including the freighter Nina Sagaydak, Kamensk-Uralsky, together with the icebreakers Kapitan Sorokin and Vladivostok, was held fast by October in sea ice about halfway between Mys Shmidta and Vankarem. This proved chaotic with several ships drifting freely in the ice, hulls grinding against one another. Although the ships eventually separated, the damage cause to the Nina Sagaydak proved too severe and she sank; the first ship to be sunk by ice in Soviet waters since the Vitimles in 1963. The remaining ships were freed by icebreakers and towed to the edge of the sea ice. This situation placed great strain on the settlement's resources as it struggled to deal with such a large amount of shipping and the associated problem of how to store a much larger than usual quantity of cargo, much of which was not intended to be frozen, while authorities readied the winter snow roads.

|location=Mys Shmidta Airport weather station (ICAO code: UHMI, WMO identifier: 25173), 2m amsl, 1981–2010 normals |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C=9.8 |Feb record high C=5.2 |Mar record high C=8.9 |Apr record high C=8.1 |May record high C=16.1 |Jun record high C=28.3 |Jul record high C = 30.0 |Aug record high C = 29.2 |Sep record high C = 22.7 |Oct record high C = 11.9 |Nov record high C = 8.6 |Dec record high C = 6.9 |Jan avg record high C = -9.3 |Feb avg record high C = -11.4 |Mar avg record high C = -4.8 |Apr avg record high C = -2.0 |May avg record high C = 6.3 |Jun avg record high C = 17.4 |Jul avg record high C = 22.3 |Aug avg record high C = 19.4 |Sep avg record high C = 12.3 |Oct avg record high C = 2.6 |Nov avg record high C = -0.9 |Dec avg record high C = -6.8 |year avg record high C = 23.8 |Jan high C = -22.5 |Feb high C = -22.5 |Mar high C = -19.6 |Apr high C = -13.0 |May high C = -1.9 |Jun high C = 5.6 |Jul high C = 8.8 |Aug high C = 7.3 |Sep high C = 3.2 |Oct high C = -4.4 |Nov high C = -12.0 |Dec high C = -19.4 |Jan mean C = -25.8 |Feb mean C = -25.9 |Mar mean C = -23.5 |Apr mean C = -17.2 |May mean C = -5.1 |Jun mean C = 2.7 |Jul mean C = 5.5 |Aug mean C = 4.5 |Sep mean C = 0.9 |Oct mean C = -7.2 |Nov mean C = -15.1 |Dec mean C = -22.6 |Jan low C = -29.0 |Feb low C = -29.3 |Mar low C = -27.3 |Apr low C = -21.4 |May low C = -8.2 |Jun low C = -0.3 |Jul low C = 2.2 |Aug low C = 1.6 |Sep low C = -1.5 |Oct low C = -9.9 |Nov low C = -18.2 |Dec low C = -25.6 |Jan avg record low C = -38.9 |Feb avg record low C = -39.7 |Mar avg record low C = -37.3 |Apr avg record low C = -32.2 |May avg record low C = -21.2 |Jun avg record low C = -4.7 |Jul avg record low C = -0.9 |Aug avg record low C = -1.4 |Sep avg record low C = -8.1 |Oct avg record low C = -20.7 |Nov avg record low C = -30.2 |Dec avg record low C = -36.4 |year avg record low C = -41 |Jan record low C = -45.7 |Feb record low C = -46.1 |Mar record low C = -45.7 |Apr record low C = -39 |May record low C = -32.5 |Jun record low C = -11.3 |Jul record low C = -4.7 |Aug record low C = -7.1 |Sep record low C = -17.8 |Oct record low C = -37 |Nov record low C = -39.6 |Dec record low C = -45.4 |Jan precipitation mm = 14.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 14.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 8.0 |Apr precipitation mm = 12.2 |May precipitation mm = 14.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 17.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 32.6 |Aug precipitation mm = 39.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 36.1 |Oct precipitation mm = 31.3 |Nov precipitation mm = 27.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 17.4 |Jan rain days = 0 |Feb rain days = 0.1 |Mar rain days = 0.1 |Apr rain days = 0.4 |May rain days = 4 |Jun rain days = 11 |Jul rain days = 16 |Aug rain days = 18 |Sep rain days = 14 |Oct rain days = 3 |Nov rain days = 1 |Dec rain days = 0.2 |Jan snow days = 16 |Feb snow days = 15 |Mar snow days = 14 |Apr snow days = 16 |May snow days = 15 |Jun snow days = 4 |Jul snow days = 1 |Aug snow days = 1 |Sep snow days = 8 |Oct snow days = 20 |Nov snow days = 20 |Dec snow days = 17 |Jan humidity = 84 |Feb humidity = 83 |Mar humidity = 83 |Apr humidity = 85 |May humidity = 88 |Jun humidity = 87 |Jul humidity = 87 |Aug humidity = 89 |Sep humidity = 88 |Oct humidity = 85 |Nov humidity = 86 |Dec humidity = 85 | Jan dew point C =-26 | Feb dew point C =-26 | Mar dew point C =-25 | Apr dew point C =-18 | May dew point C =-6 | Jun dew point C =0 | Jul dew point C =3 | Aug dew point C =3 | Sep dew point C =0 | Oct dew point C =-6 | Nov dew point C =-14 | Dec dew point C =-20 |Jan sun = 4 |Feb sun = 55 |Mar sun = 173 |Apr sun = 254 |May sun = 208 |Jun sun = 256 |Jul sun = 233 |Aug sun = 133 |Sep sun = 83 |Oct sun = 55 |Nov sun = 9 |Dec sun = 0 |source 1= Météo climat stats Météo Climat |source 2 = NOAA (sun only, 1961–1990)

Source 3: Time and Date (dewpoints, between 2005–2015){{cite web |url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/russia/mys-shmidta/climate |title = Climate & Weather Averages at Mys Shmidta weather station |publisher = Time and Date |access-date = 7 February 2022}}

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Mys Shmidta is directly subordinated to Iultinsky District. As a municipal division, the urban-type settlement of Mys Shmidta is incorporated within Iultinsky Municipal District as Mys Shmidta Urban Settlement.

Economy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/CORONA_first_image.jpg" caption="Corona spy satellite]] (note that north is roughly toward the bottom of the picture)."] ::

The settlement is populated mostly by indigenous people, whose economy is driven mainly by reindeer herding and low level gold mining however, there is little mining done in the vicinity of Mys Shmidta.

Transportation

Port

The port at Mys Shmidta is generally open between July and September, although the waters surrounding the port are shallow which limits the type of ships that can serve the area, with the port operated by the Russian firm Almazzoloto.

Though it has shrunk since the days of the Cold War, Mys Shmidta is still alongside Pevek the main northern sea port in Chukotka. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, imports all but ceased in the early to mid-1990s, although in 1991 Mys Shmidta, importing nearly 30,000 tons of mainly American fuel, dealt with significantly more cargo than ports such as Pevek. The decline in the overall volume of cargo passing through Mys Shmidta continued throughout the 1990s, with less than 50,000 tons being handled in 1997 and just over 1,000 tons the following year, This is in part due to the declining economy of the region, which has caused a fall in investment in the port infrastructure, which, in turn, limits the maximum potential turnover of the port.

It is difficult to see where future cargo exports might come from. While gold is mined in Bilibino, with lower-level mining maintained at Iultin and Polyarny, these activities do not produce significant cargo volumes for the northern sea route, nor does the extraction of any other minerals in the area. Although part of the Northern Sea Route's series of ports, Mys Shmidta, as a port, will be dominated by imports of food and coal for the settlement and the surrounding rural localities.

A federal government decision in 1997 led to the establishment of an emergency radio station in Mys Shmidta as well as other northern Sea route ports to specifically monitor distress and salvage frequencies.

Air transport

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Iultinskiy_r-n,_Chukotskiy,Russia-_panoramio.jpg" caption="[[Ilyushin Il-18]] taking off from the Mys Shmidta Airport"] ::

Immediately to the southwest of the settlement is the Mys Shmidta Airport.

Roads

Mys Shmidta is not connected to any other part of Chukotka by permanent road. Transport must either be by air or along unpaved roads. One such unpaved road is linking Mys Shmidta with Egvekinot. There is also a 435 km road between Mys Shmidta and Komsomolsky, of which 235 km is unpaved and the remaining 199 km is a snow road.

Tourism

Mys Shmidta is the starting point for any tourist wishing to explore Wrangel Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The nature reserve's headquarters are in Mys Shmidta.

References

Notes

Sources

References

  1. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Territorial Branch of the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Federal State Statistics Service]]. [http://chukotstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/chukotstat/resources/c673f0004d0b2f9ba26ef74fc772e0bb/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2016+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.xlsx Численность постоянного населения Чукотского автономного округа по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2016 года] {{Webarchive. link. (August 16, 2016 {{in lang). ru
  2. Futé, p. 31
  3. {{ru-pop-ref. 2021Census
  4. {{ru-pop-ref. 2002Census
  5. ru
  6. Beaglehole, p. 621
  7. Serreze & Barry, p. 5
  8. Leontyev & Novikova, p. 262
  9. Globalsecurity.org. [http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/mys-schmidta.htm Mys Shmidta]
  10. {{ru-pop-ref. 1979Census
  11. {{ru-pop-ref. 1989Census
  12. {{ru-pop-ref. 2010Census
  13. "Météo climat stats | Relevés en Février 1978 à Mys Shmidta / Données Météorologiques Gratuites".
  14. "Météo climat stats | Relevés en Juillet 1953 à Mys Shmidta / Données Météorologiques Gratuites".
  15. Barr & Wilson
  16. Martyshin
  17. "Moyennes 1981–2010 Russie (Asie)".
  18. "Météo Climat stats for Mys Shmidta". Météo Climat.
  19. "Climate Normals for Cape Smidta".
  20. Directive #517-rp
  21. Law #149-OZ
  22. Fute, p. 141ff
  23. Ragner, p. 87
  24. Ragner, pp. 37–38
  25. Ivanov et al.
  26. [[United Nations Environment Programme]]. [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090114220629/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/WRANGEL%20I.pdf ''Natural System Of Wrangel Island Reserve, Chukotka, Russian Federation''], p. 7

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urban-type-settlements-in-chukotka-autonomous-okrugpopulated-places-of-arctic-russiachukchi-seapopulated-places-established-in-19311931-establishments-in-the-soviet-unioniultinsky-district