Myki

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Public transport ticketing system in Victoria, Australia

title: "Myki" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["fare-collection-systems-in-australia", "public-transport-in-melbourne", "contactless-smart-cards", "companies-based-in-victoria-(state)", "2008-establishments-in-australia", "transport-companies-established-in-2008"] description: "Public transport ticketing system in Victoria, Australia" topic_path: "geography/australia" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myki" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Public transport ticketing system in Victoria, Australia ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox electronic payment"]

Field	Value
name	Myki
image	Myki card.png
alt	Physical Myki card
location	Victoria, Australia
launched	2008
technology_1	MIFARE DESFire
operator	Conduent (current)
NTT Data (previous)
manager	Public Transport Victoria
currency	AUD
stored_value	Myki money
credit_expiry	4 years, but balance is transferable
automatic_recharge	Auto top-up
unlimited_use	Myki pass
service_1	[[File: Melbourne train logo.svg
service_2	[[File: Victoria bus logo.svg
service_3	[[File:Melbourne tram logo.svg
service_4	[[File: Victoria train logo.svg
service_5	[[File: Victoria bus logo.svg
sales_location_1	Online
sales_location_2	Telephone
sales_location_3	Staffed railway stations and ticket machines
sales_location_4	Regional trains
sales_location_5	Retail outlets and newsagents
variant_1
homepage
predecessor	Metcard
caption	Physical Myki card
::

::callout[type=note] the ticketing system ::

| name = Myki | image = Myki card.png | alt = Physical Myki card | location = Victoria, Australia | launched = 2008 | technology_1 = MIFARE DESFire | technology_3 = | operator = Conduent (current) NTT Data (previous) | manager = Public Transport Victoria | currency = AUD | maximum_credit = | minimum_credit = | stored_value = Myki money | credit_expiry = 4 years, but balance is transferable | automatic_recharge = Auto top-up | unlimited_use = Myki pass (for 7 days or between 28 and 365 days) | service_1 = [[File: Melbourne train logo.svg|20px]] Metropolitan trains | service_2 = [[File: Victoria bus logo.svg | service_3 = [[File:Melbourne tram logo.svg|20px]] Trams

| service_4 = [[File: Victoria train logo.svg|20px]] Regional trains | service_5 = [[File: Victoria bus logo.svg|20px]] Regional town buses | sales_location_1 = Online | sales_location_2 = Telephone | sales_location_3 = Staffed railway stations and ticket machines | sales_location_4 = Regional trains | sales_location_5 = Retail outlets and newsagents | variant_1 = | homepage = | predecessor = Metcard | caption = Physical Myki card Myki ( ), stylised as myki, is a reloadable credit card-sized contactless smart card ticketing system used for electronic payment of fares on most public transport services in Melbourne and regional Victoria, Australia. Myki replaced the Metcard ticketing system and became fully operational at the end of 2012.

The system was developed by Kamco (Keane Australia Micropayment Consortium) and is used by Public Transport Victoria. The initial 10-year contract was worth approximately A$1.5 billion, described by The Age as "the [world's] biggest for a smartcard ticketing system". The Myki contract was extended in July 2016 for a further seven years.

The original Myki agreement with the Victorian government expired in November 2023. On 15 May 2023, the Victorian government announced it had signed a contract with Conduent, an American company, that will take over the Myki system for the next 15 years. The new system was reported to be rolled out by 2025. In May 2025, the planned upgrade was delayed by 18 months.

History

Trial period

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Myki_logo_2014.jpeg" caption="Myki logo"] ::

Myki replaced the Metcard ticketing system in metropolitan Melbourne, and various ticketing systems used by buses in some major regional cities. Work on the new public transport ticketing system for Victoria commenced in late 2002. In June 2003, the Transport Ticketing Authority (TTA) was established to procure and manage the new system. On 12 July 2005, the Kamco consortium was awarded the $494 million contract to develop the system, with the completion date being 2007. The consortium was made up of Keane Inc, Ascom, ERG, and Giesecke & Devrient Australasia.

A pilot program was due to begin in early 2007, but was delayed by approximately a year. In February 2008, Public Transport Minister, Lynne Kosky, announced that the full roll-out of the system would not begin until the end of the year. By March the same year, the minister said that the system would not be operational until 2010. In April 2008, the TTA announced that it had stopped making service payments to the Kamco consortium after April 2007, because the project had not been delivered on schedule.

The first field trial of the new Myki system was held on the Geelong bus network in late 2007, which identified problems. In August 2008 testing began on the Melbourne suburban train and tram networks.

Melbourne rollout period

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Myki_Metcard_Gate_Flinders_Street.jpg" caption="Flinders Street station]] that had been modified to accept Myki"] ::

The Melbourne roll-out began in July 2007 with the installation of Myki readers. Myki became valid for travel on all metropolitan train services, but not trams and buses, from 29 December 2009, though the system of purchasing cards was still cumbersome. On 25 July 2010, Myki coverage was extended to Melbourne metropolitan bus and tram services.

During 2012, the government progressively shut down the Metcard system:

from the start of 2012, yearly Metcards became unavailable
from 26 March 2012, monthly and weekly Metcards became unavailable
from 30 June 2012, "value" Metcards, such as 10x2 hour, 10xEarly Bird, 5xDaily, 5xWeekend Daily, 5xSeniors Daily, 10xCity Saver, Sunday Saver and Off-Peak Daily became unavailable. Only single-use 2-hour, Daily, City Saver and Seniors Daily Metcards continued to be available.

All Metcard ticket vending machines on railway stations were removed or switched off. The only Metcard vending machines still in operation were on trams. The limited remaining range of Metcards could only be purchased from staff at premium stations, from bus drivers, or from a PTV Hub. The sale of Metcards at Premium (staffed) Metro railway stations was progressively phased out, and ceased entirely during October. The removal of Metcard validators from railway stations started on 12 November 2012. Also from November, passengers with unused Metcards were able to transfer the value onto a Myki card as Myki money at premium Metro railway stations.

On 29 December 2012, Metcard was switched off, and Myki became the only form of ticket valid on Melbourne public transport. On the same day, all Metcard equipment remaining on the system became inoperative.

It was intended that the Skybus Melbourne Airport shuttle bus service (with its own, premium fares) would also accept Myki once the system was fully operational, but this did not happen.

Regional rollout period

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/myki_Retail_Signage.jpg" caption="publisher=myki.com.au}}"] ::

Myki came into use on regional "commuter" (short-haul) rail services in July 2013, in a staged process: between Melbourne and Seymour on 24 June, on the Traralgon line on 8 July, the Bendigo line on 17 July, the Ballarat line on 24 July, and the Geelong-Marshall line on 29 July. Paper family tickets are available to families travelling within the Myki zone with children below 17 years of age. On 10 November 2013, Myki was introduced on Wallan and Kilmore town buses.

On 25 February 2014, paper tickets for passengers on V/Line commuter services were abolished, and passengers were required to use Myki. Paper tickets remain for travel outside the Myki zone, such as to Warrnambool, Bairnsdale, Swan Hill, Shepparton or Albury. Passengers with Myki Pass who want to travel beyond the Myki area can purchase paper "extension tickets" to cover the rest of their journey.

COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant changes to public transport in Victoria during periods of lockdown. Decreased patronage and public health concerns resulted in some changes being made to myki.[[File:Myki new Vix reader Blackburn.jpg|thumb|A second generation myki reader at a train station]]On 10 July 2021, the facility to top up on buses was halted and was decided to be completely dropped even after the pandemic to push for topping up on their PTV app.

Several temporary changes to fares were also introduced. A 30% discount for off-peak travel ran from 31 January to 24 August 2021 (defined as trips made between 9:30am and 4pm or after 7pm on weekdays). The stated aim was to decrease overcrowding on public transport vehicles by encouraging people to travel during less busy times of the day wherever possible. Vouchers were released for one day of free public transport travel to encourage more people to visit the central city area. In December 2021, 250,000 vouchers were offered for use. The facility to 'pause' or receive a refund of myki passes previously purchased was made available for periods of lockdown where most travel was banned.

Change of operator

In May 2023, the Public Transport Minister Ben Carroll announced that Conduent, a US ticketing company will take over from NTT Data and operate the Myki ticketing system for 15 years with a A$1.7 billion contract. The changeover will occur on 1 December 2023. In the 18-month tender process, Conduent was chosen as the preferred operator over NTT Data and Cubic due to the calls to have a change and Cubic's preference of installing their own ticketing machines, rather than utilising the current Vix Technology card readers and other infrastructure.

Several new features will be introduced as mandated in the contract, including enabling payment via credit card and debit card cards, moving the card-based ticketing system to an account-based system and expanding myki to the regional areas that are currently paper-ticketed. Trials with credit and debit cards were conducted from November 2024 on buses in Wangaratta, prior to the roll out of new readers from May 2025 onwards.

Payment types

Myki

Passengers can purchase a rechargeable Myki card from the ticket office at a staffed railway station, Myki machines at railway stations and major bus and tram interchanges (full fare only), the PTV Hub at Southern Cross railway station, from a retailer (including most 7-Eleven outlets) displaying the Myki sign, online at ptv.vic.gov.au, or by phoning Public Transport Victoria. Cards cannot be bought onboard trams or buses. A full fare card costs $6, and a concession or child card costs $3.

After acquiring a Myki card, the passenger needs to add value onto the card, in a process called "topping up". The value stored on the card is called "Myki money". Top up is available at the same places as card purchase, or "auto top up" can be set up to recharge the card from a linked credit card or bank account automatically when the Myki money balance falls to a set threshold. Top up is also available using the PTV app with NFC.

There are Myki cards for full fare, child, different kinds of concessions and Victorian seniors passengers.

Myki cards were originally issued with a green front, featuring different designs showing a selection of playful symbols on the front, and with different city-related photographs on the back depending on the type of card. After a redesign in late 2014, the cards now have a predominantly grey/black design on the front, meaning it is no longer possible to visually distinguish between full fare and concession cards.

In May 2025, premier Jacinta Allan announced that a youth Myki card would be introduced as of 1 January 2026, providing free travel on Victorian public transport to people aged under 18 years. The scheme is expected to replace the student pass for school students, which, as of 2025, cost $755 for a yearly pass. The ABC reported that over a period of four years, the scheme would cost the Victorian government $318 million.

Myki Explorer

A "Myki Explorer" pack is intended for use by interstate and overseas visitors (or users from outside metropolitan Melbourne). Full fare packs cost $16 and child, concession and seniors packs cost $8. The pack includes a Myki card pre-loaded with $10 (full fare) or $5 (concession), which is enough for one day's worth of travel in Zones 1 and 2. The pack also includes vouchers for discounts at major tourist attractions, instructions on how to use the card, and a protective wallet. Users can reclaim any unused balance on their card when they no longer need it, but not the $6 or $3 purchase price. The pack is sold at locations such as Melbourne Airport, hotel concierge desks, backpacker and bed & breakfast accommodation facilities, tourist information centres, Station Pier, Melbourne, Southern Cross station and other outlets.

Mobile Myki

Mobile Myki is a virtual Myki card stored on a smartphone. The virtual card is available in Google Wallet on Android devices, but not available in Apple Wallet on Apple devices. The virtual card works the same way as the physical card; the smartphone is held to a Myki reader to touch on or off. Virtual cards can be registered using the same process as physical cards; they are not automatically linked to the user.

Contactless payments

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Conduent_Myki_reader_installed_at_Bendigo_Station.jpg" caption="A third generation myki reader at a train station"] ::

Contactless payments are expected to be rolled out from early 2026. The system will enable passengers to pay for their journey using a contactless credit or debit card (American Express, MasterCard or Visa), including those stored in a smartphone or smartwatch. Passengers, including school children, will have the option to keep using their physical Myki card.

Fares

Metropolitan Melbourne is divided into two zones (Zones 1 and 2). Beyond metropolitan Melbourne there are a further fourteen zones (Zones 3–16). There are areas of overlap between some zones (notably Zones 1 and 2) where locations exist within both zones.

The system calculates the cheapest fare for a passenger based on the times and zones travelled. Fares are assessed on the basis of a two-hour fare or a daily fare, which is twice the price of a two-hour fare. The two-hour fare provides unlimited travel within a two hour period from the first touch on, but if the first touch on is after 6pm, the two-hour fare provides unlimited travel until 3am the next day. The daily fare also provides unlimited travel until 3am the next day.

Myki passes, valid for 7 days or 28–325 days, can be loaded onto a card and provide unlimited travel within a nominated zone or zones for the relevant period. If a 325 day pass is purchased, the days above 325 are free of charge up to 365 days.

Following a 2022 Victorian state election promise, a daily fare cap was introduced where the fare cap applied for any journey in Victoria would be the same as a Zone 1+2 daily fare. This change was made to encourage public transport use and reduce the burden for people living in regional Victoria, as well as boosting regional tourism. However, there are criticisms due to the lower frequency of services in regional Victoria, where it was unknown whether the demand would be too big for the current system to handle and the unwillingness of the government to increase the service frequency.

Ticketing requirements for trains, trams and buses in Melbourne are mainly contained in the Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) (Ticketing) Regulations 2017 and the Victorian Fares and Ticketing Manual.

Operation

Card availability

A Myki card can be used for travel on:

Melbourne metropolitan train, tram and bus services including SmartBus, but not Skybus services (Metro, PTV buses, Yarra Trams, etc)
V/Line trains travelling within the V/Line commuter belt (between Southern Cross (Melbourne) and Seymour, Traralgon, Wendouree, Waurn Ponds, and Goornong/Raywood stations)
Regional buses in major towns within the commuter belt (e.g., Ballarat, Bendigo, Geelong and the Latrobe Valley).

Card use

To use Myki when travelling, a passenger holds the card against a reader (called "touching on" or "touching off"). Passengers touch on at the start of a trip and (except for a tram trip within Zone 1) touch off at the end of the trip, at which point the appropriate fare is assessed and deducted from the stored Myki money value on the card. If the fare for a trip is greater than the stored Myki money balance remaining, the card will show a negative Myki money balance, in which case it cannot be touched on again until it has been topped up to reach a positive amount of money. Passengers do not need to touch on or off for tram trips entirely within the city's "Free Tram Zone", which covers roughly the CBD.

Card registration

Myki cards and Mobile Myki can be "registered" with Public Transport Victoria (PTV), enabling cardholders to view their travel history and card expiry date, initiate "auto top up" functionality, or replace lost cards.

Card expiry

A Myki card has a limited validity period, but the expiry date is not printed on the card. A physical card expires four years after the date on which it is purchased. Mobile Myki expires after two years. If the card is registered, the holder can see online the date on which the card expires. PTV also contacts the registered card holder shortly before the expiry date to remind them of the card's imminent expiry. Holders of anonymous cards must use a card vending machine or Myki Check machine to find out when their card will expire.

A Myki card that has expired or is expiring in the next 60 days can be replaced for free at staffed metropolitan railway stations, Myki-enabled V/Line stations or a PTV Hub, with any balance from the expired/expiring card being transferred to the new card instantly. Alternatively, users can post their expired/expiring Myki card to PTV and wait up to 10 working days for a new card to be posted to them. If the expired/expiring card was registered, the replacement card will be automatically registered. Auto top-up will not be transferred to the new Myki and, if desired, needs to be set up again. Users can also request a replacement on the PTV website or through the call centre.

Infrastructure

Myki machines

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Myki_machine_Burnley_(cropped).jpg" caption="A Myki vending machine at [[Burnley railway station"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Myki_Machine_(4995714762).jpg" caption="language=en-GB}}"] ::

Myki readers

Myki readers are used to touch on and touch off each mode of public transport.

Reception

According to Public Transport Victoria, in 2019:

More than 12.8 million myki smart cards were in circulation.
More than one million passengers touched on with a myki.
More than 104,500 passengers were mobile myki users.

Criticism

The Myki ticketing system has been criticised on a number of grounds:

Necessity: Critics, such as the Public Transport Users Association, questioned why a new ticketing system was needed when Melbourne already had an adequate one. The Metcard validating equipment already had built-in support for a contactless ticket (the yellow circles on the front of the former Metcard validators, as well as on Ticket Vending Machines.{{cite web |url=http://www.robx1.net/victkt/metcard/html/longterm.htm |title=Student Passes, Adult Yearlies and Employee Touchcards |work=The unofficial Metcard Website |publisher=robx1.net |access-date=28 May 2009 |archive-date=13 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913212652/http://www.robx1.net/victkt/metcard/html/longterm.htm |url-status=dead
Its total cost of $1.5 billion.
Extended delivery timeframe. The project began in May 2005 with a scheduled delivery date of March 2007. Full delivery eventually took until 2013.
Lack of a short-term ticket: The decision not to proceed with the planned introduction of short-term tickets in Melbourne, and to abolish them on regional town bus services, meant that Myki is now one of the world's few ticketing systems on which visitors and occasional users cannot buy a short-term ticket.{{Cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/tourists-taken-for-a-ride-on-myki-20110712-1hcg2.html |title=Tourists taken for a ride on myki |author=Clay Lucas |work=The Age |date=13 July 2011 |access-date=15 May 2012 |location=Melbourne |archive-date=21 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521222842/http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/tourists-taken-for-a-ride-on-myki-20110712-1hcg2.html |url-status=live |url= http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/15m-myki-cards-set-to-be-pulped-20110904-1jsf3.html |title= $15m myki cards set to be pulped |author= Clay Lucas |work= The Age |date= 5 September 2011 |access-date= 15 May 2012 |archive-date= 26 January 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180126093354/http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/15m-myki-cards-set-to-be-pulped-20110904-1jsf3.html |url-status= live
The lack of ticket sales or top up facilities on board trams, a facility which was available under previous ticketing systems.{{Cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/myki-vending-machines-scrapped-from-trams-20110621-1gdkz.html |title=myki vending machines scrapped from trams |author=Clay Lucas |work=The Age |date=22 June 2011 |access-date=15 May 2012 |location=Melbourne |archive-date=16 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816195225/http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/myki-vending-machines-scrapped-from-trams-20110621-1gdkz.html |url-status=live
Privacy: In 2010 the Opposition expressed concern over the data collection and sharing used by Myki, claiming that the Government was breaching its own Information Privacy Act.
Controversies over the tendering process. A staff member of the TTA left a USB flash drive in a room with representatives of one of the bidders. The TTA said this was an accident and that there was no confidential information on the flash drive. Also, the company hired by the TTA early in the process to give it technical advice was part of the winning consortium.
Increased dwell times: Tests commissioned by the Government in 2007 suggested longer stationary times for trams compared to the Metcard system as a result of passengers needing to touch on and off when boarding and disembarking. As a result, when Myki was made available on trams in 2009 the requirement to touch off was removed.{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/smartcard-not-so-smart-for-tram-times-20090302-8mf9.html |title=Smartcard not so smart for tram times |work=The Age |author=Clay Lucas |date=3 March 2009 |access-date=28 May 2009 |location=Melbourne |archive-date=6 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506081203/http://www.theage.com.au/national/smartcard-not-so-smart-for-tram-times-20090302-8mf9.html |url-status=live
Potential for a higher fare to be charged if a user forgets to touch off: The cost of a trip after which the user has not touched off (deliberately or accidentally) may be higher than the fare the passenger would have paid if they had touched off.
Ticket vending machines receipt issuing: Topping up a Myki using EFTPOS or credit card displays a screen asking the user if they would like a receipt to be printed. If "no" was selected, an EFT transaction record was printed anyway, which contained the credit card user's full name, expiry date and 9 of 16 credit card digits. This was subsequently changed to show only the last four digits of the credit card with the card holder's name no longer printed, and eventually to prevent the printing of receipts when "no" had been selected.
Newsagents initially refused to sell Myki cards because lower commissions were being offered by the government in comparison to Metcard.
Disability Access: Disability groups claimed that several elements of the Myki program would be problematic for users with a disability (particularly people in wheelchairs, or those with cognitive limitations or who lack dexterity) due to the placement of several pieces of equipment. On low-floor trams, Myki readers have been installed at various heights to cater for this. The Government introduced a free Access Travel Pass for users who are unable to use Myki ticketing equipment as a result of a permanent disability.
On 29 December 2009, the reputation of Lynne Kosky, the Public Transport Minister at the time, was put into question when Kosky was unable to recall the phone number for commuters to buy a ticket, and a computer error resulted in over 1,600 people receiving new Myki cards with their name incorrectly spelled or printed as 'anonymous'.
Rules covering faulty cards: The TTA originally stated that passengers who had a faulty Myki card would need to buy a replacement Myki card if they wanted to travel and seek reimbursement later. This replicated the rule for faulty Metcards. Users are now able to go to a staffed railway station to have a faulty Myki replaced on the spot.
Auto top-up failure problem: Originally, when the auto top-up feature of Myki failed due to insufficient funds, the card was blocked and had to be posted to Myki to be reactivated. Now the auto top-up request is removed from the card, and the original top up amount is reversed from the Myki.
On 11 June 2015, a Melbourne commuter found her card showed a negative balance of $2,684,350.00.
Vandalism: Particularly in the early days of myki, there were widespread reports of damage to Myki equipment, with up to 60% of machines being targeted by vandals. Display screens on fare payment devices and card vending machines could be smashed by heavy objects, rendering the displays unusable, or by marker pen, paint or scratching obscuring information. In mid-2013 it was reported that Myki machines at some railway stations had been broken into using portable power tools, in order to raid their cash boxes. While Myki readers will often still work despite surface vandalism, passengers might not be able to read the information displayed on the reader's screen.

Notes

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