Murraya

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Genus of flowering plants

title: "Murraya" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["murraya", "aurantioideae-genera"] description: "Genus of flowering plants" topic_path: "general/murraya" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murraya" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of flowering plants ::

| image = Orange Jasmine (Murraya paniculata).JPG | image_caption = Murraya paniculata | taxon = Murraya | authority = J.Koenig ex L. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms_ref = | synonyms =

Murraya () is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It is distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. The center of diversity is in southern China and Southeast Asia. When broadly circumscribed, the genus has about 17 species. A narrower circumscription contains only eight species, others being placed in Bergera and Merrillia.

Description

Plants in the genus Murraya are shrubs or trees with pinnate leaves arranged alternately, usually glandular, aromatic, and leathery to membranous in texture. The leaflets vary in shape and have smooth or toothed edges. The inflorescence is a panicle, cyme, or small raceme of flowers growing at the ends of branches or in the leaf axils; some flowers are solitary. The fragrant flowers have 4 or 5 sepals and white petals and up to 10 straight stamens. The fruit is a fleshy berry with pulp but without the juice vesicles present in some related fruits. It is up to 1.3 cm long and orange, red, or black.

Taxonomy

The genus Murraya was first formally described in 1771 by Carl Linnaeus in Mantissa Plantarum Altera from an unpublished description by Johann Gerhard König. The genus name commemorates the 18th-century German-Swedish herbal doctor Johan Andreas Murray, a student of Linnaeus. In 1986, Paul P.-H. But and co-authors separated off some species of Murraya as M. sect. Bergera based on chemical evidence. Evidence from pollen morphology and multiple molecular phylogenetic studies showed that when broadly circumscribed, Murraya was not monophyletic, and treating M. sect. Bergera as the separate genus Bergera has widespread support.

Murraya is in the subfamily Aurantioideae, which also includes the genus Citrus. It is in the tribe Clauseneae.

Species list

Studies have repeatedly shown that two sections into which Murraya has been divided, M. sect. Murraya and M. sect. Bergera, should be treated as separate genera. Murraya sensu stricto was revised in 2021, with eight species being accepted:

Uses

Murraya species are used in landscaping.

In Myanmar, Murraya species are used to make thanaka, a cosmetic paste that is typically applied onto the face.

Chemistry

Compounds isolated from Murraya include many types of coumarins and alkaloids. The novel alkaloid yuehchukene was found in M. paniculata, and it has since been isolated from other Murraya. It is found in red-fruited species with larger petals, but not in black-fruited species with smaller petals. Some species also contain the carbazole girinimbine.

Spelling competition

In July 2021, 14-year old Zaila Avant-garde of Harvey, Louisiana, won the final of the 2021 Scripps National Spelling Bee by correctly spelling the word "Murraya", and was the first African American to win the 96-year-old event.

References

References

  1. "''Murraya''". Australian Plant Census.
  2. {{cite Merriam-Webster. Murraya
  3. [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=121339 ''Murraya''.] Flora of China.
  4. But, P. P., et al. (1986). [http://www.plantsystematics.com/qikan/epaper/zhaiyao.asp?bsid=13923 A chemotaxonomic study of ''Murraya'' (Rutaceae) in China.] ''Acta Phytotax. Sin'' 24(3), 186-92.
  5. [https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/21650 ''Murraya''.] FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium.
  6. "''Murraya''". APNI.
  7. (1771). "Mantissa Plantarum Altera". Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii.
  8. [http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286748 Missouri Botanical Garden]
  9. (2021). "Taxonomic revision of ''Murraya'' J. Koenig (Rutaceae) based on the molecular phylogeny and morphological characters". Taiwania.
  10. "''Murraya''". Plants of the World Online.
  11. Some species can be [[grafting
  12. Köllner, Helmut & Axel Bruns. (1998). "Myanmar (Burma)". Hunter Publishing.
  13. (2021). "A new subfamily classification of the ''Citrus'' family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers". Taxon.
  14. (1986). "A Chemotaxonomic Study of ''Murraya'' (Rutaceae) in China". Journal of Systematics and Evolution.
  15. (2017). "Phylogenetic relationship of Clauseneae (Rutaceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA data and taxonomic implication for some major taxa". Nordic Journal of Botany.
  16. (2009). "Pollen morphology supports the reinstatement of ''Bergera'' (Rutaceae)". Nordic Journal of Botany.
  17. Swingle, W. T., rev. P. C. Reece. [http://websites.lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/Vol1/Chapter3.html Chapter 3: The Botany of ''Citrus'' and its Wild Relatives.] {{webarchive. link. (2011-07-19 In: ''The Citrus Industry'' vol. 1. Webber, H. J. (ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. 1967.)
  18. (8 July 2021). "Zaila Avant-garde Knows the Troubling History Behind Her Historic Spelling Bee Win". TIME USA.

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murrayaaurantioideae-genera