Mount Smart

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Hill in New Zealand

title: "Mount Smart" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["auckland-volcanic-field", "urban-forests-in-new-zealand"] description: "Hill in New Zealand" topic_path: "technology/web" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Smart" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Hill in New Zealand ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox mountain"]

FieldValue
nameRarotonga / Mount Smart
native_name{{native name list
tag1mi
tag2mi
photoFile:Rarotonga Mount Smart Terracing 1899.jpg
photo_captionRarotonga / Mt Smart, showing terracing excavated by Māori, photographed in 1899.
locationNorth Island, New Zealand
coordinates
volcanic_fieldAuckland volcanic field
::

| name = Rarotonga / Mount Smart | native_name = {{native name list |tag1=mi |name1=Rarotonga |tag2=mi |name2=Te Ipu kura a Maki}} | photo = File:Rarotonga Mount Smart Terracing 1899.jpg | photo_caption = Rarotonga / Mt Smart, showing terracing excavated by Māori, photographed in 1899. | elevation_m = | elevation_ref = | prominence = | listing = | location = North Island, New Zealand | range = | coordinates = | topo = | type = | age = | volcanic_field = Auckland volcanic field | last_eruption = | first_ascent = | easiest_route =

Mount Smart ( or Te Ipu kura a Maki; officially Rarotonga / Mount Smart) is one of the volcanoes and Tūpuna Maunga (ancestral mountain) in the Auckland volcanic field. A century of quarrying removed almost all the 87 metre scoria cone along with extensive terracing excavated by Māori. The former quarry is now the site of Mount Smart Stadium.

Geography and history

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Mount_Smart,Auckland(early_1900s).jpg" caption="Rarotonga / Mount Smart photographed in the early 1900s, before the scoria cone was quarried away."] ::

The volcano erupted around 20,000 years ago. The scoria cone was formerly 87 metres high with a small crater (around 57 m higher than the surrounding land). Lava flowed about 300 hectares from the eruption, reaching the Manukau Harbour at Māngere. It was the site of defensive Māori pā built on extensive excavated terracing.

The name Rarotonga means "the lower south" and was brought from Hawaiki. In Māori oral tradition, Rarotonga is where Rakataura, a tohunga of the Tainui waka, first settled in Aotearoa. After a period of time, Rakataura decided to travel south with his wife Kahukeke, who died during the journey. Te Ipu kura a Maki means "the red bowl of Maki".

Rarotonga was renamed Mount Smart by Felton Mathew, Surveyor General, after Lieutenant Henry Dalton Smart, 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot, commanding the Mounted Police in New Zealand from 1840.

During 1865 to the 1960s Mount Smart was mostly quarried away. Lower southern and eastern slopes remain and were planted in pōhutukawa during the 1940s. At the same time, the quarry was reserved, and Mt Smart Stadium was built in the 1960s.

In the 2014 Treaty of Waitangi settlement between the Crown and the Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau collective of 13 Auckland iwi and hapū (also known as the Tāmaki Collective), ownership of the 14 Tūpuna Maunga of Tāmaki Makaurau / Auckland, was vested to the collective, including the volcano officially named Rarotonga / Mount Smart. The legislation specified that the land be held in trust "for the common benefit of Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau and the other people of Auckland". The Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Authority or Tūpuna Maunga Authority (TMA) is the co-governance organisation established to administer the 14 Tūpuna Maunga. Auckland Council manages the Tūpuna Maunga under the direction of the TMA.

References

  • Volcanoes of Auckland: A Field Guide. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, 335 pp. .

References

  1. {{LINZ
  2. Council, Auckland. "Rarotonga / Mount Smart".
  3. (2011). "Volcanoes of Auckland: The Essential Guide". Auckland University Press.
  4. City of Volcanoes: A geology of Auckland'' - Searle, Ernest J.; revised by Mayhill, R.D.; Longman Paul, 1981. First published 1964. {{ISBN. 0-582-71784-1,''
  5. "Rarotonga".
  6. (2004). "Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou - Struggle Without End". [[Penguin Books (NZ).
  7. Reed, A. W.. (1955). "Auckland: The City of the Seas". A. H & A. W. Reed.
  8. (28 January 1840). "Mounted Police". [[Australasian Chronicle]].
  9. Hart, Henry George. (1840). "The New Army List, with an Index. Corrected to 7th February, 1840". John Murray.
  10. (2019-05-21). "Introducing Rarotonga Mount Smart Stadium".
  11. "Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation".
  12. (27 September 2014). "Volcanic cones regain Maori names". [[The New Zealand Herald]].
  13. Council, Auckland. "Tūpuna Maunga significance and history".

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