Mount Gilboa

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Mountain in Israel

title: "Mount Gilboa" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["nature-reserves-in-israel", "mountain-ranges-of-israel", "hebrew-bible-mountains", "ridges-of-asia", "saul", "jezreel-valley"] description: "Mountain in Israel" topic_path: "geography/israel" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Gilboa" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Mountain in Israel ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox mountain"]

Field	Value
name	Mount Gilboa
photo	Gilboa 096.jpg
photo_caption	Mount Gilboa, 2007
elevation_m	496
location	Northern District, Israel
coordinates
range	Samaria
map	Israel
map_alt	Location of Mount Gilboa in Israel
map_caption	Location in Israel
label_position	left
::

Mount Gilboa (; Jabal Jalbūʿ or Jabal Fuqqāʿa), sometimes referred to as the Mountains of Gilboa, is the name for a mountain range in Israel. It overlooks the Harod Valley (the eastern part of the larger Jezreel Valley) to the north, and the Jordan Valley and Hills to the southeast and to the west, respectively.

Gilboa is identified as the location of Saul's last battle and suicide in the Books of Samuel.

Etymology

Gilboa

The meaning of the Hebrew name "Gilboa" is unknown. It is possible that it originates from a former, non-Semitic toponym, where gil referred to "mountain," the second part consisting of an unknown element.

In the Bible

In the Hebrew Bible, Saul, Israel's first king, led a charge against the Philistines at Mount Gilboa (). The battle ends with the king falling on his own sword and Saul's sons, Jonathan, Abinadab, and Melchishua being killed in battle (). King David, who hears about the tragedy after the battle, curses the mountain: :Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew nor rain upon you, neither fields of choice fruits; for there the shield of the mighty was vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, anointed with oil ().

History

A minor battle between the army of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and Sultan Saladin took place at the foot of Mount Gilboa in 1183.

The 1260 Battle of Ain Jalut was fought at the foot of Mount Gilboa. The success of the Muslim Mamluks against the Mongols marked the end of the westward push of the Asian empire and ensured the survival of Muslim Egypt.

Geography

The formation has the shape of a boomerang, extending north from the highlands of Samaria on the West Bank and turning northwest at about half its length, thus separating the southeastern end of the Jezreel Valley to the west, from the Beit She'an and Ein Harod valleys to the east. The range's highest peak rises 496 meters above sea level.

Flora and fauna

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Iris_haynei_(photo_by_Pixie).jpg" caption="Gilboa iris (''Iris haynei'')"] ::

In 1976 and 1977, Mount Gilboa was counted to have about 170 plant species, including Pinus halepensis (on the rocky slopes) and Pistacia lentiscus (the shrub layer).

Every year from late February until late March the purple Hayne's Iris, the national flower of Palestine, known in Arabic as the Fukkua Iris, and in Hebrew as the Gilboa Iris, blooms on the mountain. Two nature reserves have been declared on the ridge: the Gilboa Iris nature reserve in 1970, covering 7280 dunam, and the eastern Gilboa reserve in 2005, covering 18290 dunam.

It also has a very diverse animal species range, with 14 reptile, 7 rodent, 31 bird and 13 isopod species.

References

Julie Baretz {{Google books. 0q4eCAAAQBAJ. The Bible on Location: Off the Beaten Path in Ancient and Modern Israel
The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon (London: Oxford University Press, 1962), 162.
Pauli Rahkonen, "A Study on Some Semitic Toponymic Types of the Second Millennium BC in the Southern Levant," ''Finnish Oriental Society'' 4 (2016), 121.
Julie Baretz {{Google books. 0q4eCAAAQBAJ. The Bible on Location: Off the Beaten Path in Ancient and Modern Israel
G. M. Woodwell {{Google books. CSHInNHPc_0C. The Earth in Transition: Patterns and Processes of Biotic Impoverishment (1990)
"The National Flower of Palestine: Faqqua Iris".
Samantha Wilson, {{Google books. kY_v3QFAqqwC. Israel
"List of National Parks and Nature Reserves". Israel Nature and Parks Authority.
Zev Nave {{Google books. hVlaJ6ZzLWEsC. Transdisciplinary Challenges in Landscape Ecology and Restoration Ecology, an Anthology (2007)

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::