Modal share

Quality 0.50 · 1 view · Updated 2 months ago

Share of mode of transport

title: "Modal share" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["low-carbon-economy", "transportation-planning", "transport-systems", "transport-by-mode"] description: "Share of mode of transport" topic_path: "sports" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_share" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Share of mode of transport ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/UK_transport_modal_share_from_1952-2014.png" caption="United Kingdom transport modal share from 1952 to 2014, [[Department for Transport"] ::

A modal share (also called mode split, mode-share, or modal split) is the percentage of travelers using a particular type of transportation or number of trips using said type. In freight transportation, this may be measured in mass.

Modal share is an important component in developing sustainable transport within a city or region. In recent years, many cities have set modal share targets for balanced and sustainable transport modes, particularly 30% of non-motorized (cycling and walking) and 30% of public transport. These goals reflect a desire for a modal shift, or a change between modes, and usually encompasses an increase in the proportion of trips made using sustainable modes.

Comparability of data

Modal share data is usually obtained by travel surveys, which are often conducted by local governments, using different methodologies. Sampling and interviewing techniques, definitions, the extent of geographical areas and other methodological differences can influence comparability. Most typical surveys refer to the main mode of transport used during trips to work. Surveys covering entire metropolitan areas are preferred over city proper surveys which typically cover only the denser inner city. the reference years in these lists span over two decades, making comparisons problematic, especially given changing population, new transportation infrastructure and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, among other factors.

Modal split of journeys to work

The following tables present the modal split of journeys to work. Note that it is better to use a measure of all trips on a typical weekday, but journey to work data is more readily available. It would also be beneficial to disaggregate private motor vehicles figures to car driver, car passengers and motorbikes (especially relevant for Asian cities).

Metropolitan areas with over 1,000,000 inhabitants

::data[format=table]

Metro areaWalkingCyclingPublic transportPrivate motor vehicleYearSurvey areaCountry
AUS Adelaide3%1%11%85%2016GCCSAAustralia
USA Atlanta1%0%3%86%2016UAUSA
MEX Mexico City1%1%71%22%2019Mexico
GRE Athens8%2%37%53%2006Greece
NZL Auckland5%1%12%81%url=http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8298title=Main means of travel to work by age group and sex, for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over, 2018 Censuswebsite=nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz
USA Austin2%1%3%83%2019USA
USA Baltimore3%0%7%84%2016UAUSA
ESP Barcelona34.35%2.28%37.33%26.04%2018Spain
CHN Beijing21%32%26%21%title=From Transmilenio to Cycle Networks Lessons Learned from Bogotá's Comprehensive Urban Mobility Planningurl=https://itdp.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/From-Transmilenio-to-Cycle-Networks-Lessons-Learned-from-Bogotas-Comprehensive-Urban-Mobility-Planning-MAY4.pdfarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307173857/https://itdp.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/From-Transmilenio-to-Cycle-Networks-Lessons-Learned-from-Bogotas-Comprehensive-Urban-Mobility-Planning-MAY4.pdf
SER Belgrade23%1%49%27%2015Serbia
GER Berlin34%18%26%22%2023Germany
AUS Brisbane4%1%14%81%url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026214129/https://chartingtransport.com/#modedate=2017-10-26 }}, retrieved 27 October 2017GCCSA
BEL Brussels36%9%24%29%2022Belgium
COL Bogotá24%7%43%15%2019Colombia
USA Boston5%1%14%73%2016UAUSA
ROU Bucharest31%2%27%36%2015Other (taxi): 4%Romania
HUN Budapest32%1%47%20%2011Hungary
CAN Calgary4%1%8%84%2021CMACanada
USA Chicago3%1%13%77%2016UAUSA
GER Cologne25%19%21%35%2017Germany
USA Dallas1%0%2%90%2016UAUSA
KOR Daejeon26%2%28%44%2012South Korea
IND Delhi21%12%48%19%2008/2011India
USA Detroit1%0%2%92%2016USA
United States Denver2%1%4%81%2020UAUSA
BGD Dhaka19%39%29%13%2009Bangladesh
IRL Dublin18%7%15%59%2020Ireland
CAN Edmonton3%1%6%87%2021CMACanada
CHN Guangzhou35%19%22%23%2021China
GER Hamburg22%22%24%32%2022Germany
FIN Helsinki10.99%9.34%32.42%46%2016MA, Other: 0.5%Finland
HKG Hong Kong11%0.5%77%12%2011China
USA Houston1%0%2%91%2016UAUSA
USA Indianapolis1%0%1%91%2016UAUSA
IDN Jakarta1%0.2%20%78%*2019UA *67% motorbikeIndonesia
MAS Kuala Lumpur0.5%0.5%21%78%2018Malaysia
USA Las Vegas1%0%4%90%2016UAUSA
UK London26%2.5%44.5%27%2020UK
USA Los Angeles3%1%5%85%2016UAUSA
ESP Madrid34%0.5%25%40%2018Spain
PHI Manila9%2%44%45%2019Philippines
AUS Melbourne4%2%19%76%2016GCCSAAustralia
USA Miami2%1%4%87%2016UAUSA
ITA Milan18%10%41%29%2014Italy
Belarus Minsk13%1%63%20%2016Belarus
CAN Montreal5%2%22%70%2016CMACanada
IND Mumbai27%6%52%15%2008/2011India
GER Munich33%21%22%24%2023Germany
JPN Nagoya15%13%30%43%url=https://www.ido.city.nagoya.jp/machidukuri/genjo/traffic.htmlscript-title=ja:代表交通手段割合｜名古屋市の交通の現状｜交通まちづくりlanguage=ja
USA New York City30.7%1.1%32.1%30.2%2019UAUSA
JPN Osaka7%19%61%13%title=大阪市における人の動き：平成 22 年 第５回近畿圏パーソントリップ調査集計結果からurl=https://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/toshikeikaku/cmsfiles/contents/0000177/177205/hitonougoki.pdfwebsite=第5回パーソントリップ調査
CAN Ottawa8%2%18%72%2016CMACanada
FRA Paris40%2%22%34%2020ParisiensFrance
AUS Perth3%1%12%84%2016GCCSAAustralia
USA Philadelphia4%1%10%80%2016UAUSA
USA Phoenix2%1%2%87%2016UAUSA
USA Portland3%3%7%78%2016UAUSA
CZE Prague35%1%37%25%2021Czech Republic
BRA Rio de Janeiro29%3%43%25%2012UABrazil
ITA Rome4%1%29%66%2014Italy
USA San Antonio2%0%3%90%2016UAUSA
USA San Diego3%1%3%85%2016UAUSA
USA San Francisco5%2%20%64%2016UAUSA
USA San Jose2%2%5%84%2016UAUSA
CHL Santiago34.5%4%29.6%25.7%2012UAChile
BRA São Paulo32%1%36%31%2017UABrazil
USA Seattle4%1%10%77%2016UAUSA
KOR SeoulN/A4%66%23%2014South Korea
CHN Shanghai27%20%33%20%2009/2011China
SGP Singapore22%1%44%33%2011Singapore
Bulgaria SofiaN/AN/A73%27%2010Bulgaria
SWE Stockholm14%7%47%32%2011Sweden
AUS Sydney5%1%27%65%2020DeloitteAustralia
TWN Taipei13%4%43%40%2016Taiwan
ISR Tel Aviv8.2%4.3%17.7%62.5%2022Israel
JPN Tokyo23%14%51%12%2008/2009Japan
CAN Toronto5%1%16%76%2021CMACanada
CAN Vancouver6%2%15%75%2021CMACanada
AUT Vienna30%11%34%25%2024Austria
POL Warsaw18%3%47%32%2015Poland
USA Washington, D.C.3%1%6%56%2022UAUSA
::

Metropolitan areas with over 250,000 inhabitants

::data[format=table]

Metro areawalkingcyclingpublic transportprivate motor vehicleyear
DEN Aarhus7%27%19%43%2004
ESP Alicante18%0%13%69%2004
NED Amsterdam5%30%19%42%2020{{cite web
ITA Bari13%1%14%72%2001
SUI Basel33%17%27%22%url=https://www.mobilitaet.bs.ch/dam/jcr:aa8aa166-f637-49ac-afd5-831744c3e74c/staedtevergleich_2015.pdf
SUI Bern30%15%32%22%2015
ESP Bilbao68.1%0.9%19.6%11.1%2021
UK Birmingham1%1%25%66%2001
ITA Bologna8%4%21%67%2001
GER Bonn28%15%17%41%2017
SVK Bratislava26.7%1.6%32.6%37.7%2014
CZ Brno5%2%57%32%2012
USA Buffalo6%1%14%79%2012
GER Bremen25%25%15%36%2018
UK Bristol19%8%12%55%2011
AUS Canberra5%3%8%85%2016
NZL Christchurch4%6%5%84%2018
DEN Copenhagen30%26%18%26%2021{{cite web
ESP Córdoba18%1%10%71%2004
GER Dortmund19%10%22%49%2019
GER Dresden26%18%20%36%2018
IRE Dublin13.2%7.6%21.5%48.5%2016
GER Düsseldorf34%13%18%35%2017
UK Edinburgh19%7%30%42%2009–2010
NED Eindhoven3%24%8%65%2004
GER Essen19%7%19%55%2019
ITA Florence8%4%21%69%2001
GER Frankfurt11%15%30%44%2015
GER Freiburg im Breisgau29%34%16%21%2017
BEL Gent15.6%33.8%11.2%39%2021
POL Gdańsk20.8%5.9%32.1%41.2%2016
ESP Gijón24%0%17%59%2004
SWE Gothenburg12%14%21%52%2004
AUT Graz19%19%20%42%2018
NED The Hague5%22%30%43%2004
CAN Halifax8%1%12%78%2016
CAN Hamilton4%1%10%84%2016
GER Hanover26%19%19%36%2017
POL Kraków28.4%1.2%36.3%33.7%2013
ESP Las Palmas15%0.42%13%68%2011
POR Lisbon15.6%2.5%30.8%50.2%2020
ESP Málaga12%0%11%77%2004
SWE Malmö14%26%25%34%2018
ESP Murcia18%1%7%74%2004
ITA Naples13%0%26%60%2001
GER Nuremberg30%15%23%32%2023
NOR Oslo32%6%31%29%2022
ITA Palermo12%1%9%78%2001
ESP Pamplona42%2%13%41%2013
POL Poznań20.6%8.4%33.7%37.3%2019
CAN Quebec City2%6%11%80%2016
NED Rotterdam5%14%25%56%2004
ESP Seville13%7%18%62%2014
GER Stuttgart29%8%23%40%2017
EST Tallinn14%2%34%49%2020
FIN Tampere10%10%14%66%2021
ITA Turin12%3%5%79%2004
NED Utrecht25.3%48.4%5.4%18.7%2018
ESP Valencia16%1%21%62%2004
ESP Valladolid22%1%20%57%2004
ESP Vigo19%0%13%68%2004
LTU Vilnius36%0%26%38%2011
ESP Vitoria-Gasteiz45.6%8.0%9.5%35.5%2021
NZL Wellington21%4%23%49%2018
CAN Victoria (CMA)10%7%11%70%2016
CAN Winnipeg5%2%14%79%2016
POL Wrocław24.2%6.3%27.6%41.4%2018
ESP Zaragoza45.91%2.90%23.71%26.88%2017
SUI Zürich33%12%32%21%2015
Mean ± SD13±8%8±9%24±13%55±17%
::

Notes: European data is based on the Urban Audit

Modal share targets

The Charter of Brussels, signed by 36 cities including Brussels, Ghent, Milan, Munich, Seville, Edinburgh, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Gdansk, and Timișoara, commits the signatories to achieve at least 15% of bicycling modal share by 2020, and calls upon European institutions to do likewise. The cycling modal share is strongly associated with the size of local cycling infrastructure.{{cite journal | last = Mueller | first = N | title = Health impact assessment of cycling network expansions in European cities. | journal = Preventive Medicine | volume = 109 | issue = | pages = 62–70 | year = 2018 | pmid = 29330030| doi = 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.12.011 | hdl = 10230/42143 | s2cid = 3774985 | url = https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/148599/1/Health-impact-assessment-of-cycling-network-expansions-in-European-cities.pdf | hdl-access = free

The Canadian city of Hamilton adopted a similar modal share target plan in 2005.

Modal share in the developing world

The modal share differs considerably depending on each city in the developing world.

According to UNECE, the global on-road vehicle fleet is to double by 2050 (from 1,2 billion to 2,5 billion, see introduction), with most future car purchases taking place in developing countries. Some experts even mention that the number of vehicles in developing countries will increase by 4 or 5-fold by 2050 (compared to current car use levels), and that the majority of these will be second-hand.

Legislation impacting the modal share

Legislation can discourage car ownership through, for example, taxation and conditions on new car purchases). This could help in achieving a modal shift.

Notes

References

References

  1. [http://vancouver.ca/engsvcs/transport/plan/1997report/glossary.htm Glossary] (Engineering Services – Transportation, [[City of Vancouver]] website. Accessed 2009-06-04.) {{webarchive. link. (June 3, 2006)
  2. "Page cannot be found - Ramblers".
  3. "Singapore Land and Transport Authority: ''Journeys'', issue 7, November 2011".
  4. (2017-10-24). "Trends in journey to work mode shares in Australian cities to 2016 (second edition)". Charting Transport.
  5. "Census profile: Atlanta, GA Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  6. "Deloitte City Mobility Index: Mexico City".
  7. "TEMS - the EPOMM Modal Split Tool".
  8. "Main means of travel to work by age group and sex, for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over, 2018 Census".
  9. "Census profile: Austin, TX Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  10. "Census profile: Baltimore, MD Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  11. "Pla de Mobilitat Urbana 2024".
  12. "From Transmilenio to Cycle Networks Lessons Learned from Bogotá's Comprehensive Urban Mobility Planning".
  13. (4 June 2025). ""Mobilität in Städten – System repräsentativer Verkehrsbefragungen (SRV) 2023" – Mobilitätsdaten für Berlin auch bezirksweise - Berlin.de".
  14. [https://chartingtransport.com/#mode Charting Transport] {{Webarchive. link. (2017-10-26 , retrieved 27 October 2017)
  15. (23 May 2023). "Brusselaar fietst meer en rijdt minder met de auto".
  16. "Census profile: Boston, MA--NH--RI Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  17. "IMAGE: Bucharest estimated modal share 2015. Source: Bucharest SUMP".
  18. Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. (2022-03-29). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population".
  19. "Census profile: Chicago, IL--IN Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  20. "Mobilität in Köln". City of Cologne.
  21. "Census profile: Dallas--Fort Worth--Arlington, TX Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  22. [KOTI, "2013 National Transportation DB Report" 2013], retrieved 2013-12-31
  23. "Census profile: Detroit, MI Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  24. "Census profile: Denver--Aurora, CO Urbanized Area".
  25. (March 2010). "Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study". Japan International Cooperation Agency.
  26. "Deloitte City Mobility Index 2020". Deloitte Insights.
  27. Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. (2022-03-29). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population".
  28. "Green Mobility and Carbon Emissions in Chinese Cities".
  29. "Guangzhou Transport Development Annual Report 2021".
  30. "68 Prozent aller Wege wurden 2022 im Umweltverbund absolviert".
  31. "Page 18: Kulkutapojen käyttö matkan tarkoituksen mukaan vuositasolla".
  32. "Transport Department - Travel Characteristics Survey 2011 - Final Report *Free copy can only be downloaded from this website".
  33. "Census profile: Houston, TX Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  34. "Census profile: Indianapolis, IN Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  35. "Badan Pusat Statistik".
  36. BERNAMA. (2021-10-11). "- Kuala Lumpur As Enhanced Liveability Model City".
  37. "Census profile: Las Vegas--Henderson, NV Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  38. "Transport Statistics Great Britain 2020". [[Department for Transport]].
  39. "Census profile: Los Angeles--Long Beach--Anaheim, CA Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  40. "Encuesta de movilidad de la Comunidad de Madrid 2018 - Documento de síntesis".
  41. "Census profile: Miami, FL Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  42. "Piano Urbano per la Mobilità Sostenibile (PUMS) della Città metropolitana di Milano". Città metropolitana di Milano.
  43. "Опрос: минчане добираются до работы или учебы примерно за полчаса". TUT.BY.
  44. Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Census Profile, 2016 Census – Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Quebec [Province]".
  45. (2025). "Mobilitätssteckbrief für München".
  46. link. City of Nagoya
  47. (2019). "Mobility Report".
  48. "大阪市における人の動き：平成 22 年 第５回近畿圏パーソントリップ調査集計結果から". Osaka City Hall.
  49. Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Census Profile, 2016 Census – Ottawa – Gatineau [Census metropolitan area], Ontario/Quebec and Ontario [Province]".
  50. "Diagnostic du Plan Local de Mobilité".
  51. "Census profile: Philadelphia, PA--NJ--DE--MD Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  52. "Census profile: Phoenix--Mesa, AZ Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  53. "Census profile: Portland, OR--WA Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  54. (2022). "Ročenka dopravy 2021". Technická správa komunikací hl. m. Prahy, a.s..
  55. "Page 41 in Monografia UFRJ 2015". João Victor Costa.
  56. FGM-AMOR. "ENDURANCE :: Countries/Cities".
  57. "Census profile: San Antonio, TX Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  58. "Census profile: San Diego, CA Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  59. "Census profile: San Francisco--Oakland, CA Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  60. "Census profile: San Jose, CA Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  61. "Encuestas de Movilidad SECTRA".
  62. "Page 39 in Pesquisa OD 2017". Metrô.
  63. "Census profile: Seattle, WA Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  64. (2014). "Public Transport in Seoul Metropolitan – K-Developedia".
  65. "The World Bank {{!}} Fare Collection Systems - Sofia, Bulgaria".
  66. Koglin, Till. (January 2018). "Experiencing Networked Urban Mobilities". Routledge.
  67. (2020). "Deloitte City Mobility Index 2020".
  68. "市政統計週報".
  69. (2022). "Census Data 2022".
  70. Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. (2022-03-29). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population".
  71. Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. (2023-03-29). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population".
  72. (16 March 2025). "Archivmeldung: Modal Split 2024: Weitere Zunahme bei Öffis und Radfahren, Zu-Fuß-Gehen nach wie vor auf Rekordniveau". Stadt Wien.
  73. [http://transport.um.warszawa.pl/sites/default/files/WBR%202015%20ETAP%20III%20Raport.pdf] {{Webarchive. link. (2016-08-17, ''(Polish)'' retrieved 2016-01-20)
  74. "Census profile: Washington, DC--VA--MD Urbanized Area". Census Reporter.
  75. "Städtevergleich Mobilität Vergleichende Betrachtung der Städte Basel, Bern, Luzern, St.Gallen, Winterthur und Zürich im Jahr 2015".
  76. [https://www.euskadi.eus/contenidos/documentacion/em2021/es_def/adjuntos/Informe_encuesta+telefonia-CAST.pdf Estudio de la Movilidad en la CAPV de 2021]
  77. (2019-02-21). "Aktuelle Ergebnisse zur Alltagsmobilität".
  78. (2015-12-18). "Územný generel dopravy hl. mesta SR Bratislavy". Centrum dopravního výzkumu, v.v.i..
  79. "Archived copy".
  80. "Archived copy".
  81. "How We Travelled - CSO - Central Statistics Office".
  82. (2019-02-21). "Aktuelle Ergebnisse zur Alltagsmobilität".
  83. "Archived copy".
  84. "Verplaatsingsgedrag van de Gentenaar in 2021 2021".
  85. "Gdańskie Badania Ruchu 2016".
  86. "Verkehrsmittelaufteilung - Modal Split".
  87. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. (2017-02-08). "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Halifax [Census metropolitan area], Nova Scotia and Nova Scotia [Province]".
  88. "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Hamilton [Census metropolitan area], Ontario and Ontario [Province]".
  89. "Asistencia técnica para la elaboración de una estrategia de movilidad sostenible en el municipio de las palmas de gran canaria programa de actuaciones".
  90. "Observatórios Lisboa".
  91. "Travel Habits of Residents".
  92. "Mobilitätsfakten".
  93. "Overview of the current situation in Oslo".
  94. link
  95. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. (2017-02-08). "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Québec [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Quebec [Province]".
  96. "Motorisierter Individualverkehr (MIV)".
  97. "Statistical Yearbook Of 2021". Tallinn City Government.
  98. "Henkilöliikennetutkimus 2021: Tampereen kaupunkiseutu". Traficom.
  99. CBS. "Verplaatsingen in de gemeente Utrecht naar vervoerwijze, 2018".
  100. [http://old.vilnius.lt/transportas/koncepcija/vilniaus_koncepcija_2011.09.15.pdf Naujų transporto rūšių diegimo Vilniaus mieste specialusis planas] {{webarchive. link. (2013-12-03 , retrieved 2013-07-03)
  101. [https://www.euskadi.eus/contenidos/documentacion/em2021/es_def/adjuntos/Informe_encuesta+telefonia-CAST.pdf Estudio de la Movilidad en la CAPV de 2021]
  102. Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Census Profile, 2016 Census – Winnipeg [Census metropolitan area], Manitoba and Manitoba [Province]".
  103. "Revisión del plan de movilidad urbana sostenible Zaragoza".
  104. [http://www.urbanaudit.org Urban Audit] {{webarchive. link. (2009-02-06 , retrieved 2009-10-03)
  105. [http://www.velo-city2009.com/assets/files/VC09-charter-of-brussels.pdf Charter of Brussels] {{Webarchive. link. (2009-07-31 , retrieved 2009-10-03)
  106. "Archived copy".
  107. "Figure 9.9 | Passenger transport modal shares of several cities in...".
  108. "Energy End Use Transport report".
  109. "How do people move around?".
  110. "Used vehicle background overview".
  111. "Regulation for 2nd hand vehicles".
  112. "Green light for sustainable mobility".

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::

low-carbon-economytransportation-planningtransport-systemstransport-by-mode