Minuscule 16

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Greek-Latin minuscule manuscript of the New Testament

title: "Minuscule 16" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["greek-new-testament-minuscules", "14th-century-biblical-manuscripts", "vulgate-manuscripts", "bibliothèque-nationale-de-france-collections"] description: "Greek-Latin minuscule manuscript of the New Testament" topic_path: "geography/france" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuscule_16" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Greek-Latin minuscule manuscript of the New Testament ::

|form = Minuscule |number = 16 |image = |isize = |caption= |name = |sign = |text = Gospels |script = Greek-Latin diglot |date = 14th-century |found = |now at = National Library of France |cite = |size = |type = mixed/Byzantine |cat = none |hand = |note = group 16 marginalia

Minuscule 16 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 449 (Soden). It is a diglot Greek-Latin minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 361 parchment leaves 31.6 x, dated palaeographically to the 14th-century.{{Cite book | last = Aland | first = K. | author-link = Kurt Aland | author2 = M. Welte | author3=B. Köster |author4=K. Junack | title = Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments | publisher = Walter de Gruyter | location = Berlin, New York | year = 1994 | edition = 2 | page = 47 | isbn = 3-11-011986-2}} It has full marginalia and was prepared for liturgical use.

Description

The codex contains almost complete text of the four Gospels with lacunae (Mark 16:14–20). The text is written in two columns per page, 26 lines per page.

The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, with the τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections, with no references to the Eusebian Canons.

It contains the Eusebian Canon tables (Latin) at the beginning, tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), and subscriptions at the end of each of the Gospels.{{Cite book | last = Scrivener | first = Frederick Henry Ambrose | author-link = Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener | author2 = Edward Miller | title = A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament | publisher = George Bell & Sons | year = 1894 | location = London | edition = 4 | volume = 1 | page = 193

The text of the codex is written in four colours. "The general run of the narrative is in vermilion; the words of Jesus, the genealogy of Jesus, and the words of angels are in crimson; the words quoted from the Old Testament as well as those of the disciples, Zachariah, Elizabeth, Mary, Simeon, and John the Baptist are in blue; and the words of Pharisees, the centurion, Judas Iscariot, and the devil are in black." It contains only one picture.

In the Greek text Mark 16:14–20 and in the Latin text Mark 9:18–16:20 were lost. Latin texts of Mark 9:18–11:13, Luke 5:21–44; John 1:1–12:17 were added by a later hand.

Text

The Greek text of the codex is mixed but the Byzantine text-type is predominant. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Iβb, it means it has some the Caesarean readings. Aland did not place it in any Category.{{Cite book | last = Aland | first = Kurt | author-link = Kurt Aland | last2 = Aland | first2 = Barbara | author-link2 = Barbara Aland | others = Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.) | title = The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism | publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | year = 1995 | location = Grand Rapids | pages = 129, 138 | url = https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt | url-access = limited | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1}}

In 2014, Kathleen Maxwell demonstrated minuscule 16 to be dependent upon minuscule 1528. There are red crosses at various points throughout 1528 corresponding to the locations of illustrations in 16.

Textually it is close to the manuscripts 119, 217, 330, 491, 578, 693, 1528, and 1588. They create textual Group 16 with following profile: : Luke 1: 8, (9), 13, 23, 28, 34, 37, 43. : Luke 10: 3, 7, 15, 19, 23, (25), 58, 63. : Luke 20: 4, 13, 19, 50, 51, 54, 55, 62, 65.{{Cite book | last = Wisse | first = Frederik | title = The Profile Method for the Classification and Evaluation of Manuscript Evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke | publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | year = 1982 | location = Grand Rapids | pages = 53, 107 | url = https://archive.org/details/profilemethodfor00wiss/page/53 | isbn = 0-8028-1918-4 | url-access = registration

Codex 16 forms a pair with codex 1528 which adds reading 3 and lacks 9 in Luke 1, and lacks 19 and adds 64 in Luke 10.

The Latin text in Matt. 7:13 has textual variant: "lata via et spaciosa est lila quae"; in Mt 13:3 "Ecce qai exiit Seminare Semen suum, et dum seminat quaedam cecid."{{Cite book | last = Gregory | first = Caspar René | author-link = Caspar René Gregory | title = Textkritik des Neuen Testamentes | publisher = J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung | year = 1900 | location = Leipzig | volume = 1 | page = 132 | url = https://archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n145/mode/2up

History

The manuscript is dated by the INTF to the 14th-century.

Formerly the codex was in the hands of Strozzi family, then of Catherine de' Medici. It was examined by Wettstein, Scholz, and Paulin Martin. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1884.

It is currently housed at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gr. 54) at Paris.

References

References

  1. Gregory, Caspar René. (1908). "Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament". J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung.
  2. "Liste Handschriften". Institute for New Testament Textual Research.
  3. [[Bruce M. Metzger]], [[Bart D. Ehrman]], ''The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration'', (Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 92.
  4. Maxwell, Kathleen. Between Constantinople and Rome: An Illuminated Byzantine Gospel Book (Paris gr. 54) and the Union of the Churches. London: Ashgate, 2014.
  5. [[Paulin Martin. Jean-Pierre-Paul Martin]], ''Description technique des manuscrits grecs, relatif au Nouveau Testament, conservé dans les bibliothèques des Paris'' (Paris 1883), p. 29

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