Messier 110

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title: "Messier 110" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["dwarf-elliptical-galaxies", "peculiar-galaxies", "local-group", "andromeda-subgroup", "andromeda-(constellation)", "messier-objects", "ngc-objects", "ugc-objects", "principal-galaxies-catalogue-objects", "leda-objects", "astronomical-objects-discovered-in-1773", "discoveries-by-caroline-herschel", "mcg-objects"] description: "Satellite galaxy of the Andromeda Galaxy" topic_path: "science/astronomy" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_110" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Satellite galaxy of the Andromeda Galaxy ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox Galaxy"]

Field	Value
name	Messier 110
image	Not_So_Dead_After_All_%2848742429322%29.jpg
caption	Dwarf elliptical galaxy Messier 110 in Andromeda
epoch	J2000
constellation name	Andromeda
ra
dec
size_v	21′.9 × 11′.0
size	17,050 ly (5.23 kpc) (estimated)
appmag_v	8.5
type	E5 pec
h_radial_v
z
gal_v
dist_ly	2,690 ±
absmag_v
names	IRAS 00376+4124, LEDA 2429, M110, MCG +07-02-014, NGC 205, PGC 2429, UGC 426, CGCG 535-014
::

| name = Messier 110 | image = Not_So_Dead_After_All_%2848742429322%29.jpg | caption = Dwarf elliptical galaxy Messier 110 in Andromeda | epoch = J2000 | constellation name=Andromeda | ra = | dec = | size_v = 21′.9 × 11′.0 | size = 17,050 ly (5.23 kpc) (estimated) | appmag_v = 8.5 | type = E5 pec | h_radial_v = | z = | gal_v = | dist_ly = 2,690 ± | absmag_v = | names = IRAS 00376+4124, LEDA 2429, M110, MCG +07-02-014, NGC 205, PGC 2429, UGC 426, CGCG 535-014

Messier 110, or M110, also known as NGC 205, is a dwarf elliptical galaxy that is a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy in the Local Group.

Early observational history

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/M31_by_Messier.jpg" caption="In this drawing by Charles Messier, satellite galaxy M110 appears at the upper right."] ::

Charles Messier never included the galaxy in his list, but it was depicted by him, together with M32, on his drawing of "Nébuleuse D'Andromède", later known as the Andromeda Galaxy. A label of the drawing indicates that Messier first saw the object in 1773. The suggestion to assign the galaxy a Messier number was made by Kenneth Glyn Jones in 1967, making it the last member of the Messier List.

Properties

This galaxy has a morphological classification of pec dE5, indicating a dwarf elliptical galaxy with a flattening of 50%. It is designated peculiar (pec) due to patches of dust and young blue stars near its center. This is unusual for dwarf elliptical galaxies in general, and the reason is unclear. Unlike M32, M110 lacks evidence for a supermassive black hole at its center.

The interstellar dust in M110 has a mass of with a temperature of , and the interstellar gas has . The inner region has sweeping deficiencies in its interstellar medium IM, most likely expelled by supernova explosions. Tidal interactions with M31 may have stripped away a significant fraction of the expelled gas and dust, leaving the galaxy as a whole, as it presents, deficient in its IM density.

Novae have been detected in this galaxy, including one discovered in 1999, and another in 2002. The latter, designated EQ J004015.8+414420, had also been captured in images taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) that October.

Local context

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/M31_09-01-2011.jpg" caption="The Andromeda Galaxy and its satellite galaxy, Messier 110, to the bottom-right of the center"] ::

About half of the Andromeda's satellite galaxies are orbiting it in a plane, with 14 out of 16 following the same sense of rotation. One model proposes that these 16 once belonged to a subhalo surrounding M110, then the group was broken up by tidal forces during a close encounter with Andromeda.

Notes

References

References

1. "Messier 110".
2. (1 November 2016). "The potential role of NGC 205 in generating Andromeda's vast thin corotating plane of satellite galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
3. (1785). "On the construction of the heavens". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.
4. "M 110".
5. {{Cite Gaia DR2

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::